IoT Architecture - Detailed Notes
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1. IoT Reference Architecture: Introduction
- IoT Reference Architecture provides a structured blueprint for designing and
implementing IoT systems.
- Key elements include:
a) Edge Devices: Sensors and actuators that interact with the physical world.
b) Gateways: Devices that collect and transmit data from edge devices to the
cloud.
c) Cloud Infrastructure: Facilitates data storage, processing, and analytics.
- Example:
Smart City IoT: Streetlights equipped with sensors that adjust brightness
based on traffic density.
- Diagram: A layered architecture showcasing edge devices, gateways, and cloud
components.
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2. Functional View
- Focuses on the operational functions of IoT systems.
- Key components:
a) Data Acquisition: Sensors collect data from the environment (e.g.,
temperature, humidity).
b) Data Processing: Gateways preprocess data to reduce latency.
c) Data Storage: Cloud services store large-scale IoT data for long-term use.
d) Data Analytics: Real-time and batch analytics to derive actionable
insights.
- Example:
Smart Home: IoT thermostats collect temperature data and adjust
heating/cooling.
- Diagram: Functional flowchart depicting data collection, processing, and
analysis.
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3. Information View
- Addresses data representation, storage, and transmission in IoT systems.
- Focuses on data interoperability and standardization (e.g., JSON, MQTT, CoAP).
- Key aspects:
a) Data Modeling: Structured representation of IoT data (e.g., temperature
sensors transmitting readings).
b) Data Semantics: Consistent meaning across devices and platforms.
- Example:
Industrial IoT: Machines in a factory using a common protocol to exchange
operational data.
- Diagram: Data flowchart illustrating interoperability between IoT components.
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4. Deployment and Operational View
- Covers network topology, deployment strategies, and operational management of
IoT systems.
- Key aspects:
a) Scalability: Ensuring the system can handle growth in devices and data
volume.
b) Resilience: Maintaining functionality despite failures (e.g., redundant
systems).
c) Monitoring: Real-time diagnostics for device health and system performance.
- Example:
Precision Agriculture: IoT-enabled irrigation systems optimizing water usage
based on real-time soil data.
- Diagram: Network topology diagram showing sensor deployment in agricultural
fields.
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5. Other Relevant Architectural Views
- Security and Privacy View:
a) Mechanisms to protect IoT data from unauthorized access (e.g., encryption,
access control).
b) Example: Securing patient data in IoT-based health monitoring systems.
- Performance View:
a) Ensures low-latency communication and high throughput.
b) Example: Autonomous vehicles requiring real-time data exchange.
- Business View:
a) Aligns IoT solutions with organizational goals and ROI.
b) Example: Retail IoT systems using customer behavior analytics to improve
sales.
- Diagram: Security framework and business alignment flowchart.
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Each section will include:
- Comprehensive explanations with examples.
- Diagrams to illustrate concepts and architecture.
- Real-world use cases to relate the topics to practical applications.
