REVIEWER IN PHILOSOPHY

FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON

FREEDOM refers to your ability to make decisions and express it in actions. It is your inherent, and significant asset.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FREEDOM

PHYSICAL FREEDOM refers to the absence of any physical restraint

PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM is also called freedom of choice. The person is free to perform action that he or she considers right and wise.

MORAL FREEDOM refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

VOLUNTARINESS means that even though a person is not required to do such things he/she could still do it or act on it.
ALIENATION is a state when a person ceases to view the other as authentic person rather as merely objects or means to satisfy personal interests and
desires.

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

- Intersubjectivity is a term originally coined by the philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), and is most simply stated as the interchange
of thoughts and feelings, both conscious and unconscious, between two persons or “subjects,” as facilitated by empathy.

HOW DO WE AS HUMAN PERSONS RELATE WITH OTHERS?

- We can relate each other with our ability to engage in meaningful interactions with other people, our surroundings and everything around us
which is rooted in our capacity for self-awareness and transcendence.

“SEEMING”- is an action where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with others
DIALOGUE refers to the ability of individuals to engage in genuine interaction with others.
EMPATHY, or the ability to share emotions, is an important subject of intersubjectivity. This emotion is driven by a person’s awareness that the other is a
person with thoughts and feelings.
Empathy enables us to experience another person’s emotions, such as happiness, anger, and sadness. In a manner of speaking, sympathy is
“feeling with” and empathy is “feeling in.”
AVAILABILITY, or the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.

The ETHICS OF CARE is an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimension of relationships and interactions. This moral perspective encourages
individuals to help other people, most especially the vulnerable.

Hellen Keler (1880-1968)

An American author, political activist, and the first deaf - blind person to earn a bachelor's degree. At the age of 22 she published an
autobiography, the story of my life which she described her and struggles growing up. The book became popular and play titled the Miracle Worker.

Nicholas James "Nick" Vujicic (Born 1982)

An Australian evangelist and motivational speaker who was born with phocomelia, a condition in which a person is born with no arms and legs. In 2005,
he founded Life Without Limbs, a non-profit organization ministry.

Roselle Ambubuyog (Born 1980)

Roselle Ambuyog was the first visually impaired Filipina to become a summa cum laude at the Ateneo de Manila University in 2001. She was able to
achieve academic excellence, awards and recognition such as Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines, the BPI Science Award from BPI
Foundation, and Gawad Sentenaryo Award from the National Centennial Commission despite her handicap and has inspired people with her life story of
triumph over the odds.

THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

SOCIETY is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture.

FORM OF
DESCRIPTION
SOCITY

─ recognized as the earliest and simplest form of society

─ generally characterized by its small size and is composed mainly of families
1) Hunting and
─ nomadic, they spend most of their time searching for food
Gathering
─ hierarchy is not very varied
Society
─ members are generally treated equally and decisions are usually arrived at through a
consensus
─ characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food
2) Pastoral supply
Society ─ have larger populations and remain longer in one place than hunting and gathering societies
─ often produce surplus food and resources, why they trade with other society.
 ─ primarily engages in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the
domestication of animals
─ semi-nomadic, they travel to another place when they have already depleted the resources in
3) Horticultura
one area
l Society
─ have similarity with pastoral society in terms of surplus of goods
─ In early societies, the individuals were often very family- and clan-oriented, and their behaviors
and actions were restricted by traditions.
─ further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural societies
4) Agrarian or ─ involves the large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals
Agricultural ─ characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming
Society ─ The large population of agricultural societies leads to a more structured social system that helps
manage resources and its member.
─ based on the ownership of land
─ arose out of developments in Western Europe during Medieval times, when rival kingdoms were
engaged in conflict over resources, particularly in land
─ rulers grant their followers or vassals the right to manage parcels of land
─ members of society are organized based on status
5) Feudal
─ gives rises to individuals who value relations among family members and with other members in
Society
the community
─ People who belong to the “higher classes” are treated with respect by the members of the
community.
─ often traditional and are resistant to social changes, preferring to maintain the way things are in
their community
─ based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services
─ often defined by the nature of work and the prevailing industry in an area
6) Industrial
─ capitalist or business owners – considered the most influential
Society
─ characterized by cultural diversity and the presence of bureaucratic forms of organization
─ significant departure from the agrarian society
─ marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of
service
7) Post-
─ information influences the behavior of people and has thus become a very important commodity
Industrial
─ virtual society – product of a post-industrial society
Society
─ The growth and development of the various forms of societies highlight the growing complexity
of human interactions over time.

HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR DEVELOPMENT AS PERSONS?

The Person and the society have a very dynamic relationship in which one cannot exist without the other. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt
the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas, and knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities that surround us. Society influences the
interactions of its members through the establishment of norms.

 Norms – are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable, and are thus encouraged and passed on to other members. It is one of
the ways that society regulates the behavior and interactions of its members and establishes and maintains social order.
 Laws – are more formal and and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of citizens.
 Folkways – are less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in punishment.
 Social System – is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups that compose a society.
 Social values – are actions or ideals that are considered important by society.

Death – it refers to the separation of the body and the spirit.

The body, being the material, is subjected to growth, death, and decay. The spirit, being immaterial, will continue to exist even after the body has
passed.

USEFUL GOOD is considered good so long as it serves as means to an end.

PHYSICAL SUFFERING refers to discomfort, hunger, stress, and pain?

MENTAL SUFFERING is a kind of suffering that includes depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness, and grief.
According to THOMAS NAGEL, the reason why people are afraid to death is because of the fear of missing out or “fomo”.
According to EPICURUS, when a man dies, he does not feel the pain of death because he no longer is and therefore nothing. All sensation and
consciousness ends with death.

Christians believe that physical death still happens, but those who live a good life and believe in Christ will be given eternal life in Heaven.

It can be argued that it is death that gives meaning to life. It is one of the reasons why death considered one of the essential topics in
philosophy.

You only live once. Live life to the fullest.