266 Scattering Theory
In this analysis, scattering amplitude can be written as
1
f 2 1 e2i 1 P cos
2ik 0
1
f 2 1 ei sin P cos
k 0
2µE
where k 2 2 and is the phase shift of the individual partial waves due to scattering.
The corresponding differential cross-section will be
2
d 2 1 i
d
f 2
k
2 1 e sin P cos
0
Therefore, the total cross-section will be
2
d 4
t
2
sin d d 2 f , sin d
k 2 2 1 sin 2
d 0
0 0 0
Example: For S waves 0 ,
1 i0
Scattering amplitude f e sin 0
k
d 2 1
Differential cross section f 2 sin 2 0
d k
4
Total cross section 2
sin 2 0
k
Note:
(i) Total cross section does not depend upon on the scattering angle .
(ii) At sufficiently low energies, s-wave scattering will be dominating one. As energy increases, contribu-
tions from the higher value of l values become important.
Optical Theorem
Now, for 0
1 i l 1
f 0
k 0
2 1 e sin 2 1 cos sin i sin 2
k 0
4 4
Now, t
k 2 2 1 sin 2 k
Im f 0
0
This relation is known as Optical theorem.
Phase shift:
2 µk
sin V r jl2 kr r 2dr
2 0
For attractive potential V r ve positive phase shift.
For repulsive potential V(r) = + ve negative phase shift.
