Internship Evaluation Report

Sales Data Analysis and Reporting for a

Retail Chain

BACHELORS IN ENGINEERING
in
CSE (Internet of Things and Cyber Security including Blockchain
Technology)

By:
PRASUNA GUMMADI- 160122749009

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 Department of Computer Engineering and Technology
CHAITANYABHARATHI INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY(A)
(Affiliated to Osmania University) Gandipet, Hyderabad- 500075
2024–2025

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project titled “Sales Data Analysis and Reporting for a
Retail Chain” is the work carried out by
“PRASUNA GUMMADI” – 160122749009,student of B.E. CSE (Internet of
Things and Cyber Security including Blockchain Technology) of Chaitanya
Bharathi Institute of Technology (A), Hyderabad, affiliated to Osmania University,
Hyderabad, Telangana (India) during the academic year 2024-2025.

Mentor InternshipIncharge
Dr. S Kranthi Kumar Head of Department
Associate Professor,
Department of Computer Engineering Dr. SangeethaGupta
and Technology Professor and Head,
Mrs. Sujatha Gupta Department of Computer Engineering
Assistant Professor, and Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
and Technology

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 DECLARATION
This is to certify that the the work presented in this project titled "Sales
Data Analysis for Retail Chain Using Python, SQL, and Excel" is the result
of my own research and analysis, undertaken as part of the academic
requirements for [course name, if applicable]. The project involves the
collection, processing, and analysis of sales data to generate meaningful
reports aimed at providing actionable insights for a retail chain.

I confirm that all sources of data, tools, and techniques used in the project,
including Python programming, SQL database queries, and Excel
functionalities, have been properly referenced and acknowledged in this
report. Any external resources, literature, or tools that contributed to the
completion of this project are duly cited, and the project adheres to the
standards of academic integrity.

I also declare that this project has not been submitted, in whole or in part,
for any other academic or professional purpose

PRASUNA GUMMADI( 160122749009)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The idea of pursuing an internship or a training program helps

everyone be ready to take on the challenges that will have to be
faced leaving the confines of our college and at the same time it
teaches us industrial skills and allows us to think practically and
apply the knowledge we learnt in the classroom.

First, I would like to thank the Head of the Department of Computer

Engineering and Technology, Dr. Sangeetha Gupta ma’am for
providing the opportunity to pursue an internship and training,
allowing me to improve my skill set. I would also like to thank the
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, for providing immense
support during its commencement and its entire duration.

Also, I would like to thank Internship Studio, especially Kashish

Kumar Sir, for providing me with an immersive and interactive
training internship that brought a great change to all of who have
participated and contributed to its successful completion.

Lastly, I would like to thank my peers and teachers for being by my

side and constantly pushing me in the right direction and guiding me
immensely. The support and motivation everyone has given me
constantly fills me with joy, I am always grateful for their support.

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 ABSTRACT

This project focuses on the analysis of sales data for a retail chain
using Python, SQL, and Excel. The primary objective is to extract
meaningful insights from the data to assist in decision-making and
improve overall business performance. The project begins with data
collection from various sales sources, followed by data cleaning and
preprocessing using Python libraries such as Pandas and NumPy. SQL
queries are employed to retrieve and aggregate data from relational
databases, ensuring efficient handling of large datasets.
The analysis includes generating key performance indicators (KPIs),
such as total sales, sales trends, product performance, and customer
demographics. Using Excel, the results are further visualized through
graphs and pivot tables, providing clear and actionable insights for
management. This project aims to demonstrate the power of integrating
Python, SQL, and Excel in transforming raw sales data into useful
reports that can help optimize sales strategies, inventory management,
and customer engagement for the retail chain.
The insights gained from this analysis can be used to inform decision-
making, predict future trends, and ultimately enhance the retail chain's
business operations

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 TABLE OFCONTENTS

S. No. Title Page No.

1 Introduction
1. About the Company 7
2. Project Details
1. Overview 7
2. Existing Systems 7
3. Objectives 7
4. Applications 8
2 Technologies 9

3 IMPLEMENTATION
10

4 Implementation using jupyter notebook 12

5 OUPUT 21
6 Conclusion 22
7 Future research 23
8 Reference 24
9 Certification 26

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1About the Company

Internship Studio is a platform developed to help students build
their profiles by providing them the right exposure to develop the

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 required skills in the respective domain. Log in to learning and devour
upon the technical and organizational aspects of the corporate.
Internship Studio provides an industry exposure within your domestic
vicinity. Work & learn from the professionals and apply the gained
skills towards the construction of a Learning-based ecosystem.
To further this cause Internship Studio endeavors for :
* Encouraging students to work on projects & learn from the
professionals.
* Infusing a learning spirit through the best of best mentorship.
*Filling the gap between bookish knowledge and practical knowledge
by providing training + internship.

Figure 1.1: Internship Studio Logo

.
Project Details: The project involves the collection of sales data from multiple
sources, including transactional databases and spreadsheets. Python programming is
used for data processing and cleaning, ensuring that the data is ready for analysis.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is employed to query relational databases,
retrieve relevant sales data, and perform aggregation tasks, such as calculating total
sales, average purchase values, and identifying the best-performing products and
regions. Additionally, Excel is utilized to generate comprehensive reports, create
visualizations, and conduct further analysis through pivot tables and charts.
Objectives: The main objectives of this project are:
1. Data Collection and Cleaning: To collect, preprocess, and clean sales data
from various sources, ensuring the data is accurate and ready for analysis.
2. Data Analysis: To perform detailed analysis on the sales data, identifying
key trends, patterns, and performance metrics that can provide insights into
sales performance and customer behavior.

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 3. Report Generation: To generate user-friendly reports and visualizations that
communicate findings clearly to business stakeholders, helping them make
informed decisions.
4. Actionable Insights: To provide actionable recommendations that can guide
business strategies in areas such as inventory management, sales forecasting,
and customer engagement.
Applications: This project has several practical applications within the retail
industry:
1. Sales Performance Analysis: Identifying trends in sales over time, across
different regions, and by product category to help businesses understand what
is driving growth or decline.
2. Inventory Management: By analyzing sales data, businesses can forecast
demand, optimize inventory levels, and minimize stockouts or overstock
situations.
3. Customer Insights: Analyzing customer purchasing patterns and preferences
allows businesses to tailor marketing efforts and promotions, as well as
develop loyalty programs.
4. Business Strategy and Planning: The insights gained from the analysis can
help inform long-term strategic planning, such as identifying growth
opportunities, managing budgets, and planning for future product launches.
By integrating Python, SQL, and Excel into the data analysis process, this project
demonstrates the power of these tools in improving decision-making, enhancing
operational efficiency, and maximizing profitability within the retail sector.
.
2. TECHNOLOGIES

Technologies Used
This project leverages a combination of modern technologies to analyze and
process sales data, providing actionable insights for a retail chain. The key
technologies used are Python, SQL, and Excel, each playing a crucial role in
different stages of data processing and analysis.
1. Python
Python is a powerful, high-level programming language that is widely used
for data analysis and manipulation. In this project, Python serves as the
primary tool for data cleaning, preprocessing, and analysis.

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 o Pandas: This Python library is essential for data manipulation and
analysis. It is used to load, clean, and transform sales data into a
structured format (DataFrames) suitable for further analysis.
o NumPy: This library is used for numerical operations, including
handling large datasets, performing calculations, and managing arrays.
o Matplotlib and Seaborn: These libraries are used for creating
visualizations, such as charts and graphs, to help in the interpretation
and communication of the analysis results.
2. SQL (Structured Query Language)
SQL is a domain-specific language used for managing and querying data
stored in relational databases. It is used extensively in this project to:
o Extract and aggregate large volumes of sales data from relational
databases.
o Perform complex queries such as filtering, grouping, and joining tables
to retrieve relevant insights.
o Optimize performance with efficient queries that process large datasets
quickly, enabling real-time analysis of sales data.
3. Microsoft Excel
Excel is a widely-used spreadsheet tool for data organization, analysis, and
visualization. In this project, Excel is used for:
o Data Visualization: Generating charts and graphs to present analysis
results clearly, enabling stakeholders to quickly interpret key metrics.
o Pivot Tables: Using pivot tables to summarize and analyze large
datasets, allowing users to dynamically explore different aspects of the
sales data, such as by region, product, or time period.
o Data Reporting: Creating structured and formatted reports that
present key findings in a user-friendly manner for management and
other business stakeholders.
4. Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows the creation
of documents that contain both code and rich text elements. It is used in this
project to:
o Develop and run Python scripts interactively.
o Document the steps of the analysis, making it easier to visualize the
code, outputs, and explanations in one place.
o Share the results and code with others in a clean, organized format.
Together, these technologies form a robust toolkit for collecting, processing,
analyzing, and visualizing sales data, ensuring that the project meets its objectives

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 of providing actionable insights to improve business decisions within the retail
chain.

IMPLEMENTIONS:
This project involves a series of well-defined steps to analyze sales data, generate
meaningful reports, and provide actionable insights for the retail chain. The key
implementations include:
1. Data Collection and Integration
The first step in the implementation is to gather sales data from multiple sources,
including transactional databases and spreadsheets. The data is imported into the
system using Python scripts that connect to the database via SQL queries, or
through the use of libraries like Pandas to read data from CSV, Excel, or other
file formats. The integration of data from different sources ensures a
comprehensive dataset for analysis.
2. Data Preprocessing and Cleaning
Data preprocessing is crucial to ensure the quality and accuracy of the analysis.
This step involves:
 Removing duplicates: Identifying and eliminating duplicate records to avoid
biased analysis.
 Handling missing values: Filling or removing missing data points to ensure
completeness.
 Data type conversion: Ensuring that each column in the dataset has the
correct data type (e.g., numerical, categorical) for analysis.
 Outlier detection: Identifying and addressing any outliers in the data that
may skew the analysis results. Python’s Pandas library is used for most of

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 the data cleaning tasks, with NumPy assisting in handling numerical
operations.
3. Data Analysis
The core of the project involves analyzing the cleaned data to extract meaningful
insights. Some of the key analyses performed include:
 Sales Trend Analysis: Identifying sales trends over time (daily, monthly, or
yearly) to understand patterns in customer demand.
 Product Performance Analysis: Analyzing the performance of individual
products by looking at metrics such as sales volume, revenue, and profit
margins.
 Customer Segmentation: Identifying different customer segments based on
their purchasing behavior, helping businesses tailor marketing and sales
strategies.
 Regional Analysis: Evaluating sales performance across different regions or
stores to identify geographic trends and performance differences. SQL
queries are used to aggregate and retrieve data for this analysis, while Python
is used to perform calculations and store results in structured formats.
4. SQL Query Implementation
SQL is used for querying and retrieving data from relational databases. Key
implementations include:
 Aggregation Queries: Using SQL’s GROUP BY and SUM functions to
aggregate sales data based on categories like product, store, or time period.
 Filtering and Sorting: Writing SQL queries to filter data by conditions (e.g.,
sales greater than a certain threshold) and sort results for easier analysis.
 Joins: Combining data from multiple tables (e.g., sales and customer data) to
enrich the analysis.
 Complex Queries: Developing more advanced queries involving subqueries
and window functions to calculate running totals, rank products, or analyze
trends over time.
5. Data Visualization
Data visualization is key to making the findings accessible and understandable.
The following visualizations were implemented:
 Bar and Line Charts: To visualize sales trends over time, product
performance, and comparison between different categories (e.g., regions or
products).
 Pie Charts: To display market share, product category distribution, or
customer segment proportions.
 Heatmaps: For identifying correlations between different variables, such as
customer demographics and product preferences. Matplotlib and Seaborn in

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 Python are used to generate these visualizations, providing interactive and
easy-to-interpret graphs that aid in decision-making.
6. Report Generation
After conducting the analysis, the next step was to generate comprehensive
reports that summarize the key findings. The implementation includes:
 Pivot Tables in Excel: Summarizing large datasets into concise tables to
highlight sales metrics, performance by product, and regional differences.
 Charts and Graphs in Excel: Using Excel’s built-in features to create
visualizations that complement the analysis.
 Automated Reports with Python: Generating dynamic reports through
Python scripts that combine the results of data analysis and visualizations,
and save them as PDFs or Excel files for easy distribution.
7. Actionable Insights and Recommendations
Based on the analysis and visualizations, the project identifies actionable insights
to help the retail chain improve its business strategies:
 Sales Optimization: Recommendations on how to increase sales in low-
performing regions or product categories.
 Inventory Management: Insights into which products are overstocked or
understocked, based on sales trends, helping improve inventory management.
 Customer Engagement: Targeting specific customer segments for
personalized promotions and marketing campaigns to increase customer
loyalty and sales.
8. Automation and Efficiency
A key implementation in this project was ensuring the process is automated
and scalable:
 Automating Data Imports: Scripts were developed to automatically pull the
latest sales data from databases or files on a regular schedule.
 Batch Processing: Large datasets were processed in batches, reducing the
time taken for analysis and allowing for real-time reporting.

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IMPLEMENTATION USING JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
DATA ANALYSIS:

ADVANCED
ANALYTICS:
COHORT
SEGMENTATION:
 OUTPUT:

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7.CONCLUSION

In this project the analysis of sales data for a retail chain using Python, SQL, and Excel
has demonstrated the power of integrating these tools to extract meaningful insights
and generate actionable reports. Through data collection, preprocessing, and analysis,
we were able to identify key trends in sales performance, product behavior, and
customer demographics. The use of SQL allowed for efficient querying and
aggregation of large datasets, while Python’s data manipulation and visualization
capabilities provided detailed insights and easy-to-interpret graphs. Excel played a vital
role in organizing the analysis results, generating pivot tables, and presenting visual
reports.
The project successfully met its objectives by providing valuable insights into sales
optimization, inventory management, and customer engagement strategies. By
leveraging these technologies, businesses can enhance their decision-making, forecast
future sales trends, and improve overall operational efficiency. The insights gained
from this analysis can be used to inform strategic planning, optimize resource
allocation, and tailor marketing efforts to specific customer segments.
Overall, this project highlights the critical role of data analytics in the retail sector,
where timely and accurate insights are essential for staying competitive in a fast-paced
market. The tools and methodologies applied here can serve as a foundation for more
advanced analyses, making it possible to adapt and scale the solutions for larger
datasets or more complex business environments.

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 8. FUTURE RESEARCH.

1) Predictive Analytics: Applying machine learning and time series forecasting to predict
future sales trends, customer behavior, and inventory needs for more accurate decision-
making.
2) Big Data and Real-Time Analytics: Integrating big data tools and real-time analytics to
handle large datasets and provide immediate insights, especially in e-commerce and
multi-channel retail environments.
3) Customer Sentiment Analysis: Using natural language processing (NLP) to analyze
customer feedback, reviews, and social media to gain deeper insights into customer
preferences and satisfaction.
4)Integration of External Data: Incorporating external data such as weather patterns,
local events, and demographic information to better understand sales influences and
improve forecasting accuracy.
5) Inventory Optimization: Researching optimization algorithms for better inventory
management, reducing stockouts and overstocking while improving supply chain
efficiency.
6) Data Privacy and Security: Exploring methods to ensure customer data privacy and
comply with regulations like GDPR, while still providing valuable insights from sales data.
7) Cross-Channel Integration: Analyzing sales data across various channels (in-store,
online, mobile) to create unified customer profiles and improve the omnichannel
experience.
8) Automated Reporting and BI Dashboards: Developing automated, interactive
business intelligence dashboards to provide real-time insights and enable quicker
decision-making.

Final Thought on Future Research

As the retail landscape continues to evolve with advancements in technology, the
potential for deeper, more predictive insights from sales data is immense. Future
research in areas like predictive analytics, big data integration, and customer sentiment
analysis can significantly enhance decision-making processes. By exploring these
opportunities, retailers can stay ahead of the competition, optimize operations, and
create more personalized experiences for customers. Embracing these innovations will
not only improve business outcomes but also drive growth and adaptability in an
increasingly data-driven world.

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 9. REFERENCES

Books and Academic References

1. Python for Data Analysis

McKinney, W.
Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython.
O'Reilly Media, 2nd Edition, 2017.
A comprehensive guide on data manipulation and analysis using Python libraries such as Pandas
and NumPy.

2. Competing on Analytics
Davenport, T. H., & Harris, J. G.
Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning.
Harvard Business Review Press, 2007.
Explores the critical role of analytics in gaining a competitive advantage in various industries,
including retail.

3. Information Dashboard Design

Few, S.
Information Dashboard Design: The Effective Visual Communication of Data.
O'Reilly Media, 2013.
A foundational text for designing effective data dashboards and visualizations, crucial for data-
driven decision-making.

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 Technologies and Frameworks

4. PySpark Documentation
Apache Spark.
Official Documentation for Apache Spark’s Python API, detailing distributed data processing
techniques.
https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/

5. Pandas Documentation
Wes McKinney.
Official Documentation for Pandas: A Python Data Analysis Library.
https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/

6. Excel for Data Analysis

Alexander, M., & Kusleika, R.
Excel 2019 Power Programming with VBA.
Wiley, 2018.
An advanced guide to using Excel for data analysis and automation using VBA, relevant for
generating automated reports.

Research Articles and Papers

7. Data-Driven Decision Making in Retail

Sharma, A., & Singh, S.
Data-Driven Decision Making in Retail: Insights from Data Analysis and Forecasting.
Journal of Retail Analytics, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jret.2020.02.009
A research paper discussing the role of data analytics in making informed decisions within the
retail sector.

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 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

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JK

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