MODULE 1

UNIT I-ORIENTATION TOWARDS

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
12-10-2024

Prepared by
Dr. Sweety A. Agrawal
Textile Engineering Department
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Reflection question 1:
What is formal informal and non-formal education. Give examples? List at
least one advantage and disadvantage of each:
Formal, informal, and non-formal education are three distinct types of learning, each
characterized by different settings, purposes, and levels of structure.
1. Formal Education
Definition: Structured, organized education that takes place in schools, colleges, universities,
or institutions. It follows a curriculum and is typically recognized by official certifications.
Examples: Elementary school, high school, university degrees, and vocational training
programs.
Advantage: Standardized Curriculum: Ensures consistent knowledge and skill acquisition
that is universally recognized.
Disadvantage: Rigidity: Often lacks flexibility, making it difficult for students to explore
interests outside the curriculum or adapt to individual learning styles.

2. Informal Education
Definition: Learning that occurs in daily life, through experiences, conversations, self-study,
or observation. It’s unstructured and does not follow a set curriculum.
Examples: Learning a new language by talking to native speakers, gaining skills through
hobbies, or acquiring knowledge from books or the internet outside formal settings.
Advantage: Flexibility: Can happen anywhere, anytime, and is self-directed based on the
learner’s interests.
Disadvantage: Lack of Certification: Skills and knowledge gained informally are often not
formally recognized, which can be a barrier in professional settings.

3. Non-Formal Education
Definition: Organized educational activities outside the formal school system. It is more
flexible and often aimed at adult education, community development, or skill acquisition.
Examples: Workshops, adult literacy programs, online courses, community education
projects.
Advantage: Relevance to Practical Life: Tailored to the specific needs of learners and often
directly applicable to real-world tasks.
Disadvantage: Limited Recognition: May not carry the same weight as formal education
qualifications in certain professional or academic contexts.
These three forms of education cater to different learning styles and life circumstances,
offering varied paths to knowledge acquisition.

Reflection question 2: Look for it is in your geographical area. Name at

least one. Mention the area of trades offered in that ITI along with the
duration. Also explore the syllabus for the trade:
Gujarat has a well-established network of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), offering
vocational education and skill development across various trades. These institutes are spread
across the state and play a key role in providing technical training to students aiming to enter
industries like manufacturing, construction, electronics, and more.
Some Prominent ITIs in Gujarat:
1. Government ITI, Ahmedabad
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Fitter, Welder, Computer Operator &
Programming Assistant (COPA), Draughtsman, etc.
o Address: Kubernagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382340
2. Government ITI, Gandhinagar
o Courses Offered: Mechanic, Turner, Diesel Mechanic, Wireman, and COPA.
o Address: Sector 15, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382016
3. Government ITI, Surat
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Fitter, Wireman, Turner, Diesel Mechanic, etc.
o Address: Bhatar, Surat, Gujarat 395007
4. Government ITI, Rajkot
o Courses Offered: Fitter, Turner, Electrician, Machinist, COPA, and more.
o Address: Dhebar Road, Rajkot, Gujarat 360002
5. Government ITI, Vadodara
o Courses Offered: Carpenter, Fitter, Electrician, Machinist, and COPA.
o Address: Gorwa, Vadodara, Gujarat 390003
6. Government ITI, Bhavnagar
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Welder, Fitter, and COPA.
o Address: Ganga Jalia Talav, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364003
7. Government ITI, Jamnagar
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Fitter, Welder, Turner, Mechanic, etc.
o Address: Opposite Gujarat Khadi Gramodyog Bhavan, Jamnagar, Gujarat
361001
 8. Government ITI, Junagadh
o Courses Offered: Turner, Electrician, Fitter, and Welder.
o Address: Dolatpara, Junagadh, Gujarat 362037
9. Government ITI, Bharuch
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Fitter, Turner, Diesel Mechanic, and COPA.
o Address: Bholav, Bharuch, Gujarat 392001
10. Government ITI, Vapi
o Courses Offered: Electrician, Welder, Fitter, Mechanic, and COPA.
o Address: Near Railway Station, Vapi, Gujarat 396191

Government ITI, Vadodara

o Courses Offered: Carpenter, Fitter, Electrician, Machinist, and COPA.
o Address: Gorwa, Vadodara, Gujarat 390003
Carpenter Trade Syllabus (1 Year)
First Semester:
• Practical:
o Use of hand tools and portable power tools.
o Basic wood joints (lap, mortise and tenon, dovetail).
o Frame construction, surface preparation.
• Theory:
o Types of wood, adhesives, and fasteners.
o Wood properties, defects, and tools.
o Basic joints and workshop safety.
Second Semester:
• Practical:
o Advanced joints (mitre, dowel, rabbet).
o Furniture construction, wood finishing.
o Curved and ornamental work, installation.
• Theory:
o Timber preservation, advanced woodworking.
o Wood finishes, furniture design, estimation and costing.
After completing, students get a National Trade Certificate (NTC).

Reflection question 3:
Find out the number of polytechnics available in your state. Government
polytechnics, government aided polytechnics and self-financing / private
polytechnics. Out of these polytechnics, which polytechnics have academic
autonomy. How do sandwich Diploma courses differ from regular diploma
courses.
Gujarat has a total of around 139 polytechnic colleges, which include government,
government-aided, and private institutions.
• Government Polytechnics: There are about 36 government polytechnics spread
across the state, such as the ones in Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Surat, and Rajkot.
• Government-Aided Polytechnics: There are a few government-aided polytechnics
like Tolani Polytechnic in Kutch and T.F. Gandhidham Polytechnic.
 • Private Polytechnics: The state hosts a larger number of private polytechnics—
around 100 private institutes, offering a wide range of technical and vocational
courses.

In Gujarat, several polytechnic institutes have academic autonomy, which allows them to
design their own curriculum and assess students independently. Key autonomous
polytechnics include:

1. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Faculty of Technology and

Engineering) in Vadodara, which offers diploma programs with the flexibility of
academic autonomy.
2. Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET),
Ahmedabad, focuses on polymer and plastic engineering with academic freedom to
modify its programs.
3. Ganpat University, Mehsana, another institution that enjoys autonomy for its
technical courses and curriculum design.

Sandwich Diploma courses differ from regular diploma courses primarily in their structure
and integration of industrial training. Here are the key differences:

1. Duration:

• Regular Diploma Courses: Typically last 3 years.

• Sandwich Diploma Courses: Usually last 3.5 to 4 years, with the extended time
being used for practical training.

2. Industrial Training:

• Regular Diploma: Focuses more on theoretical learning with limited or no

mandatory industry exposure.
• Sandwich Diploma: Includes extended industry training or internships as an
integral part of the curriculum, often lasting for 6 months to 1 year. This hands-on
training is usually spread across the course duration, giving students real-world
experience.

3. Curriculum Focus:

• Regular Diploma: Primarily classroom-based with occasional lab work.

• Sandwich Diploma: Combines classroom learning with periods of practical
training in industries. Students alternate between classroom education and industry
work, ensuring a balance between theory and practice.

4. Industry Readiness:

• Regular Diploma: Provides a solid foundation in the field but may require additional
training post-graduation to be fully industry-ready.
• Sandwich Diploma: Graduates are generally more industry-ready upon completion,
thanks to the substantial practical experience gained during the course.

5. Career Opportunities:
 • Regular Diploma: Suitable for entry-level technical jobs or further education.
• Sandwich Diploma: Offers better prospects for immediate employment as students
gain industry exposure during their training period.

In Gujarat, some polytechnic institutes offer sandwich diploma courses, which differ from
regular diploma courses by integrating practical training with academic study. These courses
include extended periods of industry-based training (internships), typically lasting for a year,
as part of the curriculum. Some of the polytechnic institutes that offer such sandwich courses
include:

1. Government Polytechnic, Ahmedabad

2. Government Polytechnic for Girls, Ahmedabad
3. L. J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad

In summary, sandwich diploma courses provide a more immersive experience by blending

academic learning with practical industry exposure, making them ideal for students seeking
to enter the workforce with hands-on experience.

ACTIVITIES/SCHEMES OF AICTE FOR FACULTY, STUDENT AND INSTITUTE

Faculty Development Schemes:

1. NITTT (National Initiative for Technical Teachers Training): New teachers in

AICTE-approved institutions get trained through MOOCs on the SWAYAM
platform. It includes internships and mentor-led training.
2. Quality Improvement Programme (QIP): Aims at upgrading faculty skills by
offering advanced degrees to improve teaching standards in degree-level institutions.
3. STTP-SFURTI (Short Term Training Programme): Provides financial aid to
faculty for conducting training related to small-scale industries and technical
education.
4. AICTE AURA: Research grants for faculty to utilize assets that boost their research
abilities.
5. Distinguished Visiting Professorship (INAE-AICTE): Industry experts join
academia to share their practical knowledge.
6. Distinguished Professionals Scheme (DPS): Connects academic institutions with top
professionals from industry and research to inspire students and faculty.
7. Technical Book Writing & Translation: Supports faculty to create technical content
in regional languages, ensuring the latest developments are accessible to a broader
audience.

Student Development Schemes:

1. Mitacs Globalink Research Internship: A Canada-India collaborative research

program to promote research exchange.
2. Swanath Scholarship Scheme: Offers financial support to students who are orphans,
lost parents to COVID-19, or are wards of martyrs.
3. PG Scholarship Scheme: Provides stipends to GATE/GPAT-qualified students
pursuing postgraduate courses.
4. AICTE Doctoral Fellowship (ADF): Financial support for full-time Ph.D. students
in AICTE-approved institutions.
 5. YUVAK (Youth Undertaking Visit for Acquiring Knowledge): AICTE-backed
student tours to sites like the Atal Tunnel in Himachal Pradesh.
6. PMSSS (Prime Minister's Special Scholarship Scheme): Provides opportunities to
students from Jammu & Kashmir for education and employment potential
enhancement.
7. Smart India Hackathon: A nationwide platform to discover digital solutions for
India’s challenges through student innovation.

Institutional Development Schemes:

1. AICTE IDEA Lab: Supports the hands-on learning of STEM concepts, enabling
product development and real-world application.
2. SPICES: Aims to energize student clubs by promoting creativity, ethics, professional
ethics, and social experiences.
3. Margdarshan Scheme: Helps institutes improve technical education quality through
mentorship and support for better rankings and accreditations.
4. E-Shodh Sindhu: Offers free access to e-journals and resources to government and
government-aided technical institutes via AICTE-funded subscriptions.
5. MODROBS (Modernisation and Removal of Obsolescence): Provides funding for
upgrading labs, workshops, and facilities in technical institutes to enhance research
and education capabilities.

Each of these AICTE initiatives plays a significant role in uplifting technical education and
ensuring students and faculty have access to cutting-edge knowledge, resources, and
development opportunities.