Converter Com
pute
r En
gine
DC TO DC
erin
g
Supervisor By:
Mr. Oday Nazar
Magnetics & Energy
Conversion
Abdalla Nazar Talal | Report
2023
Introduction
❖ Definition…
Contents
❖ Type of DDC
❖ Some of Applications
❖ Vocabularies
Work
method
❖ Boost Converter
❖ Buck Converter
❖ Efficiency
❖ Mathematical Rules
Simulation
❖ Circuit Schematic
❖ Component
❖ Results
Resources
❖ Books
❖ Websites
❖ Explanations
❖ Circuits File (.pdsprj)
Introduction
DDCs : are power electronic circuits that convert a dc
voltage to a different dc voltage level, and
providing a regulated output. also called switching
power supplies or switchers.
Type of DDC:
❖ Linear Voltage Regulators.
❖ Buck Converter: Converts a higher input voltage to a lower
output voltage.
❖ Boost Converter: Converts a lower input voltage to
a higher output voltage.
❖ Buck-Boost Converter: Provides both step-up and step-
down voltage conversion capabilities.
❖ Cuk Converter: Provides voltage inversion as well as
voltage conversion.
❖ Full-Bridge Converter: used for high-power applications.
[Fig.1 DDC Device Internal & External]
Some of it’s Applications:
❖ Power Supplies.
❖ Renewable Energy Systems.
❖ Telecommunications.
❖ Medical Equipment: patient monitors, imaging systems.
❖ Aerospace and Defense: satellites, aircraft.
❖ Data Centers.
❖ Automotive System: electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric
vehicles (HEVs)
❖ Portable Electronic Devices: smartphones, laptops, tablets.
❖ Vocabularies:
Buck: Step-Down , DDCs: DC to Dc Converters
Boost: Step-Up , PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
Cuk: Inverse & Convert
Work
method
PWM : They are devices used to generate multiple pulses
to make the transistor work as an open or closed
switch relative to the generated pulse.
[Fig.2 PWM Device]
Why we use basic DDC (Linear Voltage Regulator) or
Zener Diode on Output only ? It’s easy way but !
We lost A lot of power in the form of heat in the resistance
for example, and also do not forget the loss of current
due to the effect of resistance as well.
❖ Boost & Buck Circuit:
How it’s work?
MOSFET Transistor
as Switch with PWM
− +
When G=High (Close Switch):
Diode is O.C. & 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑠
+ −
When G=Low (Open Switch):
+
Diode is S.C. & 𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝐿
−
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑐
[Fig.3 Equivalent Circuit of Boost]
Considering that the diode and transistor are in ideal
condition.
As the switch opens and closes, the current changes,
which changes the amount of magnetic field generated
in the inductor, in which electrical energy is stored.
MOSFET Transistor
as Switch with PWM
− +
When G=High (Close Switch):
+
+
Diode is O.C. & 𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝐿
−
−
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑐
+ −
When G=Low (Open Switch):
+
Diode is S.C.
−
[Fig.4 Equivalent Circuit of Buck]
❖ Efficiency Calculation:
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑉𝑜 ∗ 𝐼𝑜
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑜 + 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠 Not Ideal
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑜
𝜂 = ∗ 100% Ideal
𝑃𝑖
Simulation
❖ Boost Converter:
[Fig.5 Circuit Schematic Design for Boost]
❖ Component:
1. Vin: # volt Circuit File
2. Inductor: 100 µH
3. Capacitor: 1 µF
4. Voltmeter & Ammeter
5.Load: such as Resistance
6.Switch: such as MOSFET-N (IRFZ44E 60v,48A)
7. Diode: Schottky high voltage
8.PWM: such as Timer 555 , MT3608 , TL494 , SG3525…..
❖ Buck Converter:
[Fig.6 Circuit Schematic Design for Buck]
❖ Component:
All Component are same for Boost Converter but
The value of inductor and capacitor are change.
❖ Results:
# Vi(v) Vo(v)
No Load
Boost 5 60
Buck 40 12
# Vi(v) Vo(v) Io(mA) Po(mw)
Load
Boost 5 58.8 5.88 345.7
Buck 40 12.4 12.4 153.8
Resources
❖
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UXeLMTicYGgvesrXFP
BJWMbXa5njw37u?usp=share_link (Circuit File (.pdsprj))
❖ https://youtu.be/9QM55r5fnUk
❖ https://youtu.be/rfChSvb8FX0
❖ Power Electronics – by : Daniel W. Hart
❖ Electronic Principles 9th Edition – by : Albert Malvino , David
Bates, Patrick Hoppe
❖ Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching
Converters
❖ DC/DC by : Steve Roberts M.Sc. B.Sc.
❖ https://youtu.be/0h5iKyE7Q40
❖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-
DC_converter#Bidirectional_DC-to-DC_converters
❖
THANK YOU
