ELECTROSTATICS 1

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

1. A wire, of length L (=20 cm), is bent into a semicircular arc.

1000 2.5
If the two equal halves, of the arc, were each to be uniformly ÞE= -4
= ´ 10+4 N / C
charged with charges ± Q, [|Q| = 103 e0. Coulomb where e0 2 ´ 400 ´ 10 2
is the permittivity (in SI units) of free space] the net electric From equation -(2), net electric force at O is given as
field at the centre O of the semicircular arc would be :
(2015) Enet at O = 2 E = 2.5 ´104 = 25 ´ 103 N / C
r
as E0 = 25 ´103 iˆ N / C
2. A uniformly charged solid sphere of radius R has potential
V0 (measured with respect to ¥) on its surface. For this
sphere the equipotential surfaces with potentials
3V0 5V0 3V0 V0
, , and have radius R1, R2, R3 and R4
2 4 4 4
respectively. Then (2015)
(a) (50 × 103 N/C) ˆj (b) (50 × 103 N/C) î (a) R1 = 0 and R2 < (R4 – R3)
(b) R1 ¹ 0 and (R2 – R1) > (R4 – R3)
(c) (25 × 103 N/C) ˆj (d) (25 × 103 N/C) î (c) R1 = 0 and R2 > (R4 – R3)
Ans. (d) (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
Sol.
é Q
ê 3
3R 2 - r 2 for r < R
8pe 0 R
Sol. V =ê
ê Q
ê for r ³ R
ë 4pe 0 R

Q
So Vsurface = V0 =
4pe 0 R
We use pR = L
Q
20 Þ Q = 4pe 0 RV0 Þ Vcentre = 3
3R 2 - 0
ÞR = cm 8pe 0 R
p
3Q 3
f æp ö = = ´ 4pe 0 RV0 = 3V0 Þ R1 = 0
2 KQ sin 2 KQ sin ç ÷ 8pe 0 R 8pe 0 R 2
where E = 2 = è4ø ... (1)
2
fR æp ö 2
ç 2 ÷R
è ø

Enet at O = 2 E
... (2)
4 1 1
From equation-(1) E = 2
. .Q.
pR 4p Î0 2

103 Î0
= 2
æ 20 ö
p 2 Î0 ç ´ 10 -2 ÷ 2
èp ø
ELECTROSTATICS 2

5V0 Q
Now, V = = 3
3R 2 - R22
4 8pe 0 R

5 Q Q 2
æ R22 ö R
´ = R ç 3 - ÷ Þ R2 = (ii)
4 4pe 0 R 8pe 0 R 3 ç R 2 ÷
2
è ø
Similarly, at R3,

3V0 Q 3 Q Q
V= = Þ ´ = Electric field at point P is given as
4 4pe 0 R3 4 4pe 0 R 4pe 0 R4
K Q + qen
EP = ... (1)
4R r2
Þ R3 = (iii)
3 Where qen is the charge between charge contained within the layer
Again at R4, of radius a and layer of radius r.
If dis charge contained within the elements layer of radius x and
V0 Q width dx, then
V= =
4 4pe 0 R4 d= r.dv
1 Q Q
Þ ´ = Þ R4 = 4 R æ Aö
4 4pe 0 R 4pe 0 R4 dq = ç ÷ .4p x 2 dx
èxø
So, we observe from (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), that Total charge in region from x = a to x = r is
4R 8R x =r
R1 = 0, and R4 – R3 = 4 R - = > R2 Þ ans (a)
3 3 qen = ò dq = 4p A ò x dx
x =a
3. The region between two concentric spheres of radii ‘a’
and ‘b’, respectively (see figure), has volume charge r
é x2 ù 2 2
A q
Þ en = 4p A ê ú = 2p Ar - 2p Aa
density r= , where A is a constant and r is the distance 2
ëê ûú a
r
from the centre. At the centre of the spheres is a point
K
charge Q. The value of A such that the electric field in the From equation-(1) EP = 2
Q + 2p Ar 2 - 2p Aa 2 ...(2)
region between the spheres will be constant, is : (2016) r
Given that EP in equation-(2) is a constant (independent of r) if
equation-(2)
= 2pAa2 Þ E = K(2pA) ® constant
Q
Þ A=
2p a 2
4. The potential (in volts) of a charge distribution is given
by
V(z) = 30 - 5z2 for |z| < 1 m
V(z) = 35 -10 |z| for |z| >1 m.
Q 2Q
V(z) does not depend on x and y. If this potential is
(a) 2p b2 - a 2 (b) p a 2 - b2 generated by a constant charge per unit volume ρ0 (in
units of e0) which is spread over a certain region, then
2Q Q choose the correct statement. (2016)
(c) 2 (d) (a) ρ0 =10 e0 for |z| < 1 m and ρ0 = 0 elsewhere
pa 2 pa 2
(b) ρ0 = 20 e0 in the entire region
Ans. (d)
(c) ρ0 = 40 e0 in the entire region
Sol.
(d) ρ0 = 20 e0 for |z| < 1 m and ρ0 = 0 elsewhere
Ans. (a)
ELECTROSTATICS 3
r ur
Sol. For | z |£ 1m constant = E ì-10 k , z £ -1m
ur ïï
E ( z ) = í10 zk , - 1m £ z £ 1m
ï
ïî10k , z ³ 1m

This has been above in below figure.

So, the source is an infinite now conducting thick plate of
thickness t =2m, spamming from z=-1m to z=+1 & there is
no charge elsewhere
Consider a cylindrical Gaussion surface,

Given that

V ( z ) = 30 - 5 z 2 for z £ 1m

V ( z ) = 35 - 10 z for z ³ 1m
We know that
ur -¶v -¶v -¶v
E= $i + j+ k ur uur
¶x ¶y ¶z Flux through curved surface = 0 éëQ E ^ dAùû
Since V does not depend on x and y, Flux through left flat surface = e A = 10 A
dv ¶v Flux through right flat surface = e A = 10 A
we have dx = ¶y = 0
Net flux through surface =20A
ur -¶v By gauss’s law,
ÞE= k
¶x qin r ( At ) 20e 0 20e 0
20 A = = Þr= = = 10e 0
Now, e0 e0 t 2

For z £ 1m or - 1 £ z £ 1 ïì10e 0 , z £ 1m
r =í
ur -¶v -¶ ïî0, elsewhere
E= k= (30 - 5 z 2 )k = 10 zk
¶z ¶z 5. Within a spherical charge distribution of charge density
r(r), N equipotential surfaces of potential
for z ³ 1m
V0 , V0 + DV, V0 + 2 DV, …… V0 + NDV (DV > 0), are
ur -¶v -¶ ¶z
E= k= (35 - 10 z ) k = 10 k drawn and have increasing radii r0 , r1 , r2 ,.......rN ,
¶z ¶z ¶z
respectively. If the difference in the radii of the surfaces is
¶z constant for all values of V0 and D V then : (2016)
Now, = +1 for z ³ 1m
¶z (a) r(r) µ r (b) r(r) = constant
= -1 for z ³ -1m
1 1
Hence, (c) ρ(r) µ (d) r(r) µ
r r2
ur ìï10k , z ³ 1m Ans. (c)
ÞE=í ur
ïî -10k , z £ -1m æ DV ö
Sol. E = - ç ÷
Hence, è Dr ø
ELECTROSTATICS 4

(d) F1 > F 3 ; F 2 < F 4

Ans. (c)
Sol. Using Gauss’s law we have electric flux coming out from any
closed surface is given as
qenclosed by S
fS =
Î0
flux through surfaces S1,S2,S3 and S4 are
2q
f1 = ;
Î0
Dr Dr D r
3q - q 2q
r2 – r1 = r1 – r0 = rn – rn-1 f2 = = ;
Î0 Î0
DV DV DV
ur
Where DV and Dr are same for any pair of surfaces and hence E 2q
f3 = ;
Î0
= constant and radial electric field. The separation b/w
equipotential surface having same DV is constant.
8q - 2 q - 4q 2q
® Since, electric field inside the spherical charge distriution is f4 = =
Î0 Î0
given by
rr Þ f1 = f2 = f3 = f4
E= = Constant r
3e 0 7. An electric dipole has a fixed dipole moment p , which
rr = Constant makes angle q with respect to x-axis. When subjected to
1 ® Ù ® Ù
r r µ . an electric field E1 = E i , it experiences a torque T1 = t k .
r
® Ù
6. Four closed surfaces and corresponding charge When subjected to another electric field E 2 = 3 E j it
distributions are shown below.
® ®
experiences a torque T2 = - T1 . The angle q is : (2017)
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 60° (d) 90°
Ans. (c)
r
Sol. p = p cos q iˆ + p sin q ˆj
r
E1 = Eiˆ
r r r
t1 = p ´ E1
r
t 1 = p cos iˆ + p sin q ˆj ´ Eiˆ

t kˆ = pE sin q -kˆ (i)

Let the respective electric fluxes through the surfaces be r
F1 , F 2 , F 3 and F 4 . Then : (2017)
E2 = 3 E, ˆj
r
(a) F1 < F 2 = F 3 > F 4 t 2 = p cos iˆ + p sin q ˆj ´ 3 E ˆj

(b) F1 > F 2 > F 3 > F 4

-t kˆ = 3 pE cos q kˆ (ii)
(c) F1 = F 2 = F 3 = F 4 From (i) and (ii), we get
ELECTROSTATICS 5
VA–VB = E (2R) = 0.8 ; where E = Electric field;
pE sin q = 3 pE cosq
R = Radius of sphere
Sin q = 3 cos q
Þ ER = 0.4
tan q = 3
ER
VM - VB = Ed =
Þ q = 60° 2
8. There is a uniform electrostatic field in a region. The
ER
potential at various points on a small sphere centered at P, Þ VM = + VB
in the region, is found to vary between the limits 589.0 V to 2
589.8 V. What is the potential at a point on the sphere Þ VM = 0.2 + 589.0 = 589.2 V
whose radius vector makes an angle of 60° with the
9. Three concentric metal shells A, B and C of respective
direction of the field ? (2017)
radii a,b and c (a < b < c) have surface charge densities
(a) 589.5 V (b) 589.2 V and +s, -s and + s respectively. The potential of shell B is
(c) 589.4 V (d) 589.6 V : (2018)
Ans. (b)
Sol.
s é b2 - c2 ù s é b 2 - c2 ù
(a) e ê b + a ú (b) e ê c + a ú
0 ë û 0ë û

s é a 2 - b2 ù s é a 2 - b2 ù
(c) e ê a + c ú (d) e ê b + c ú
0ë û 0ë û
Ans. (d)

Sol.

Assume electric field (E,F) as shown in the figure. For uniformE,F,

potential decreases linearly in direction of E.F. Hence,
VA = max V & VB = min V Þ VA = 589.8V & VB = 589.0v
Further, P = major point of AB
VA + VB
Þ Vp = = 589.4v
2 Charges on shell A,B and C are.
Further, equipotential surface are always ^ to E.F, and these are
indicated by dashed lines. q A = s ´ 4p a 2

VP > VM > VB qB = -s ´ 4p b2
Þ 589.0v < Vm < 589.4v qC = s ´ 4p c 2
There exist only option (b) which is 589.2 V satisfying the given Potential of shell B due to all the shell charges is given as
condition.
Þ are is (b) Kq A KqB KqC
VB = + +
Alternative : In given figure shown we use here b b c

d = R 1 - cos 60° =
R 1 æ s ´ 4p a 2 s ´ 4p b2 s ´ 4p c 2 ö
VB = ç - + ÷÷
2 4pe 0 çè b b c ø
From the given values, we have
ELECTROSTATICS 6
11. A solid ball of radius R has a charge density r given by
s æ a2 ö s æ a 2 - b2 ö
VB = çç -b+c÷ = ç +c÷ æ rö
e0 è b ÷ e ç b ÷
ø 0 è ø r = ro ç1- ÷ for 0 £ r £ R. ,where r is distance from the
è Rø
10. A body of mass m and charge is connected to a spring of centre of the ball. The electric field outside the ball is
spring constant k. It is oscillating along x-direction about (2018 Online Set-2)
its equilibrium position, taken to be at x = 0, with an
amplitude A. An electric field E is applied along the x- r0 R 3 r0 R 3
direction. Which of the following statements is correct ? (a) (b)
Î0 r 2 12 Î0 r 2
(2018)
qE 4r0 R 3 3r0 R 3
(a) The new equilibrium position is at a distance from (c) (d)
2k 3 Î0 r 2 4 Î0 r 2
x =0. Ans. (b)
2 2
1 1q E Sol.
(b) The total energy of the system is mw2 A2 +
2 2 k

1 1 q2E2
(c) The total energy of the system is mw2 A2 -
2 2 k

2qE
(d) The new equilibrium position is at a distance
k
from x =0.
Ans. (2)

To calculate total charge on ball we consider the charge on

elemental shell inside the ball as shown of volume given as
Sol. dV = 4pr2dr
(For spherically symmetric charge distribution)
The total force = 0, Hence charge in the elemental shell is
At equilibrium position Kx0 = qE æ rö
dq = r dV = r 0 = ç1 - ÷ .4p r 2 dr
qE è R ø
x0 =
K Total ball’s charge is given as
R
æ rö
Q = ò dq = ò 4pr0 ç1 - ÷ .r 2 dr
0 è R ø

R
æ r3 ö
Þ Q = 4pr 0 ò ç r 2 - ÷ dr
PE of oscillation at equilibrium position ç R ÷ø
0è

1 2 1 q2 E 2 R
= kx0 = é r3 r4 ù
2 2 K Þ Q = 4pr0 ê - ú
Total oscillation energy after eletric field is applied is given as ëê 3 4 R úû 0

1 é R3 R 3 ù
Er = mw 2 A2 + U equilibrium
2 Þ Q = 4pr 0 ê - ú
ëê 3 4 ûú
1 1 q2 E 2
Er = mw 2 A2 +
2 2 K æ R3 ö 1
Þ Q = 4pr0 ç = pr R 3
ç 12 ÷÷ 3 0
è ø
ELECTROSTATICS 7
Electric field at an outer point of ball is given as

æ1 3ö
ç 3 pr 0 R ÷ 3
EP =
KQ
=
1
.è ø = r0 R
r2 4p Î0 r2 12 Î0 r 2
12. Two identical conducting spheres A and B, carry equal
charge. They are separated by a distance much larger than
their diameters, and the force between them is F. A third
identical conducting sphere, C, is uncharged. Sphere C is
first touched to A, then to B, and then removed. As a
result, the force between A and B would be equal to :
(2018)
3F The electric flux through the square surface is : (2018)
(a) F (b)
4
Q Q
(a) Î (b) 2 Î
3F F 0 0
(c) (d)
8 2
Q Q
Ans. (c) (c) 3Î (d) 6 Î
0 0
Sol.
Ans. (d)
Sol.

When C is touched to A, charge is divided equally among A and

C
Consider an imaginary cube of side a, as shown in figure,such
q that charge f is located in the center of cube.
Þ final charge of A is q A =
2
All six surfaces of imaginary cube. are symmerically located w.r.t
æ q 3q ö charge at centre.
Now C is touched to B, charge ç q + = is divided equally
è 2 2 ÷ø Total electric flux coming x out from cubical surface

among B and C Q
f0 =
Î0
3q
Þ Final charge of B is qB = By symmetry, each surface will be same flux through the given
4
So final force between A and B is square is
f0 Q
æ q ö æ 3q ö f= =
Kç ÷ç ÷ 6 6 Î0
2 4 3 Kq 2 3
F ¢ = è ø2è ø = = F
r 8 r2 8 14. For a uniformly charged ring of radius R, the electric field
on its axis has the largest magnitude at a distance h from
a its centre. Then value of h is: (2019)
13. A charge is placed at a distance above the centre of the
2
square surface of edge a as shown in the figure
ELECTROSTATICS 8

R
(a)
5
R
(b)
2
(c) R
(d) R 2
Ans: (b)
Sol: Electric field on the axis of a ring of radius R at a distance r uur
h from the centre, Let E1 and E2 are the values of electric field due to
kQh charge q1 and q2 respectively
E= 3/ 2
h2 + R 2
1 q1
dE magnitude of E1 =
Condition: for maximum electric field =0 4p Î0 r12
dh
é ù
d ê kQh ú=0
Þ
dh ê R 2 + h 2 3/ 2 ú
ë û
é ù
d ê kQh ú=0
Þ
dh ê R 2 + h 2 3/ 2 ú
ë û
1 10 ´ 10 -6
By using the concept of maxima and minima =
4p Î0 12 + 32
we get,
R = 9 ´ 109 ´ 10 ´ 10 -7
h=
2 = 9 10 ´ 10 2
uur r r
15. Two, point charges q1 10 m C and q2 -25 m C are \ E1 = 9 10 ´ 10 2 éëcos q1 - i + sin q1 j ùû
placed on the x-axis at x = 1 m and x = 4 m respectively. The é 1 r 3 rù
electric field (in V/m) at a point y = 3 m on y-axis is, Þ E1 = 9 ´ 10 ´ 10 2 ê -i + jú
ë 10 10 û
é 1 ù Þ E1 = 9 ´ 102 éë -iˆ + 3 ˆj ùû = éë -9iˆ + 27 ˆj ùû 102
ê take = 9 ´ 109 Nm 2C -2 ú
ë 4p Î0 û 1 q2
Similarly, E2 =
(2019) 4p Î0 r 2
(a) 63iˆ - 27 ˆj ´ 102 (b) -63iˆ + 27 ˆj ´ 10 2 9 ´ 109 ´ 25 ´ 10 -6
E2 = 2 2
E2 = 9 ´ 103 V / m
4 +3
(c) 81iˆ - 81 ˆj ´ 10 (d) -81iˆ + 81 ˆj ´ 10
2 2
uur 3
\E2 = 9 ´ 103 cos q 2 iˆ - sin q 2 ˆj \ tan q 2 =
Ans: (a) 4
Sol: uur æ4 3 ö
\ E2 = 9 ´ 103 ç iˆ - ˆj ÷ = 72iˆ - 54 ˆj ´ 10 2
è5 5 ø
r uur uur
\ E = E1 + E2 = 63iˆ - 27 ˆj ´ 10 2 V / m
ELECTROSTATICS 9
16. A charge Q is distributed over three concentric spherical
R 2R
shells of radii a, b, c a < b < c such that their surface (a) (b)
2 +1 2 +1
charge densities are equal to one another. The total
potential at a point at distance r from their common centre,
where r<a, would be:
R 2R
(c) (d)
(2019) 2 -1 2 -1
Q ab + bc + ca Q a 2 + b2 + c2 Ans: (d)
(a) 12p Î abc (b) 4p Î a 3 + b3 + c 3 Sol: Let at a distance ‘x’ from point B, both the dipoles produce
0 0
same potential
Q Q a +b +c
(c) 4p Î a + b + c (d) 4p Î a2 + b2 + c2
0 0

Ans: (d)
Sol:

4qa 2qa
\ = 2
R+x x
R
Þ 2x = R + x Þ x =
2 -1
Therefore, distance from A at which both of them produce

R 2R
kQa kQb kQc the same potential = +R=
Potential at point P, V = + + 2 -1 2 -1
a b c
Since surface charge densities are equal to one another 18. Charges –q and +q located at A and B, respectively,
constitute an electric dipole. Distance AB = 2a, O is the
i.e., sa = sb = sc midpoint of the dipole and OP is perpendicular to AB. A
charge is placed at P where OP = y and y ? 2a. The charge
\ Qa : Qb : Qc :: a 2 : b 2 : c 2 experiences an electrostatic force F. If is now moved along
é a2 ù æ yö
\ Qa = ê 2 2 2 ú
Q the equatorial line to P[‘ such that OP’ = ç ÷ , the force
ëa + b + c û è3ø
é b2 ù é c2 ù y
Qb = ê 2 2 2 ú
Q , Qc = ê 2 2 2 ú
Q on will be close to ? 2a (2019)
ëa + b + c û ëa +b + c û 3
Q é a+b+c ù
\V = ê 2 2 2ú
4p Î0 ëa +b + c û
17. Two electric dipoles, A, B with respective dipole moments
r r
d A = -4qaiˆ and dB = -2q aiˆ are placed on the x-axis
with a separation R, as shown in the figure

The distance from A at which both of them produce the

same potential is:
(2019)
ELECTROSTATICS 10

F \ Work required to put a fifth charge at origin w

(a) 3 F (b)
3 Q2 æ 1 ö
= VQ = 1+
(c) 9 F (d) 27 F 4pe 0 çè ÷
5ø
Ans: (d) 20. The given graph shows variation (with distance r from
r centre) of: (2019)
KP
Sol: Electric field of equatorial plane of dipole = - 3
r

(a) Electric field of a uniformly charged sphere

(b) Potential of a uniformly charged spherical shell
(c) Potential of a uniformly charged sphere
KP
\ At point P, = + Q (d) Electric field of a uniformly charged spherical shell
y3 Ans: (b)
Sol: Electric potential is constant inside a charged spherical
KPQ
At point P ' , F 1 = + 3
= 27 F shell.
y/3 21. An electric field of 1000 V /m is applied to an electric dipole
at angle of 45°. The value of electric dipole moment is
19. Four equal point charges Q each are placed in the xy plane 10 –29 Cm. What is the potential energy of the electric
at (0, 2), (4, 2), (4, –2) and (0, –2). The work required to put dipole? (2019)
a fifth charge at the origin of the coordinate system will –18 –27
(a) –20 × 10 J (b) –7 × 10 J
be: (2019)
(c) –10 × 10–29 J (d) –9 × 10–20 J
Q2 æ 1 ö Q2 æ 1 ö Ans: (b)
(a) 1+ (b) 1+
4pe 0 çè ÷
3ø 4pe 0 çè ÷
5ø Sol: Potential energy of a dipole is given by
r r
Q 2
Q 2 U = - P.E = - PE cos q
(c) 2 2 pe (d) [Where = angle between dipole and perpendicular to the
0 4 pe 0
field]
Ans: (b) U = –(10–24)(1000) cos45°
Sol: U = –10–27 × 10 × 0.71
U @ –7 ´10 –27 J
22. Determine the electric dipole moment of the system of three
charges, placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle,
as shown in the figure: (2019)

Potential at origin
KQ KQ KQ KQ
V= + + +
2 2 20 20

æ 1 ö
and potential at ¥ = 0, V0 = VQ ç1 + ÷
è 5ø
ELECTROSTATICS 11

ˆj - iˆ iˆ - ˆj
(a) 3 ql (b) ql 5 ´10-6 ´ 2000 1
tan q = =
2 2 2 ´10-3 ´10 2
(c) 2qljˆ (d) - 3qljˆ éë Here, q = 5 ´ 10 C , E = 2000 V/m,m = 2 ´ 10 -3 kg ùû
-6

Ans: (4) æ1ö

Þ q = ç ÷ = tan -1 0.5
Sol: è2ø
24. A solid conducting sphere, having a charge Q, is
surrounded by an uncharged conducting hollow spherical
shell. Let the potential difference between the surface of
the solid sphere and that of the outer surface of the hollow
shell be V. If the shell is now given a charge of –4 Q, the
new potential difference between the same two surfaces
is nV, where n is: (2019)
Ans: 1.00
Sol: When charge is on inner solid conducting sphere
Dipole moment
= charge ´ distance between two charges
P1 = q l
P2 = ql
Resultant = 2P cos30°
æ 3ö
2ql çç ÷÷ = 3ql
è 2 ø Electric field between spherical surface

So, PResultant = - 3qlJˆ r KQ r r

E = 2 So ò E.dr = V given
23. The bob of a simple pendulum has mass 2 g and a charge r
of 5.0 μC. It is at rest in a uniform horizontal electric field Now when a charge -–4is given to hollow shell
of intensity 2000 V/m. At equilibrium, the angle that the
pendulum makes with the vertical is: (take g = 10 m/s2)
(2019)
(a) tan–-1(2.0) (b) tan–-1(0.2)
(c) tan–-1(5.0) (d) tan–-1(0.5)
Ans: (d)
Sol: At equilibrium resultant force on bob must be zero, and
T cos q = mg...(i )
Electric field between surface remain unchanged.
T sin q = qE...(ii )
r KQ
Solving (i) and (ii) we get E= 2
r
qE as, field inside the hollow spherical shell = 0
tan q =
mg 4" Potential difference between them remain unchanged
r r
i.e. ò E.dr = V
25. A positive point charge is released from rest at a distance
r0 from a positive line charge with uniform density. The
speed (v) of the point charge, as a function of
instantaneous distance r from line charge, is proportional
to: (2019)
ELECTROSTATICS 12
t = - PE sin q
or I a = - PE q
PE
a= -q
I
On comparing with
a = -wq
PE qdE 2qE
w= = 2
=
ærö
I æd ö md
2m ç ÷
(a) vµe + r / r0 (b) v µ ln ç ÷ è2ø
è r0 ø
27. The electric field in a region is given by
ærö æ r ö r
(c) v µ ln ç ÷ (d) v µ ç ÷ E = Ax + B iˆ, where E is in NC–1 and x is in metres.
è r0 ø è r0 ø The values of constants are A = 20 SI unit and B = 10 SI
Ans: (b) unit. If the potential at x = 1 is V1 and that at x = –5 is V2,
Sol: then V2- V1 (2019)
Using, K + U i = K + U (a) 320 V (b) –48 V
f
(c) 180 V (d) –520 V
1 2
or 0 + Vq = mv + v¢q Ans: (c)
2
Sol:
1 2 r
or mv = V - V ¢ q Given, E = Ax + B iˆ
2
r r or E = 20 x + 10
l l q æ ln 3 ö
= - q ò Edr = q ò dr = ç ÷ Using V = ò E dx, we have
0 r0
2p Î0 r 2p Î0 è r0 ø
1
r V2 - V1 = ò 20 x + 10 dx = -180V
Þ v µ ln
r0 -5

or V1 - V2 = 180 V
26. An electric dipole is formed by two equal and opposite
charges q each with separation d. The charges have same 28. A system of three charges are placed as shown in the
mass m. It is kept in a uniform electric field E. If it is slightly figure:
rotated from its equilibr ium orientation, then its
angular frequency w is : (2019)

qE 2qE
(a) (b)
md md

qE qE
(c) 2 (d)
md 2md If D ? d , the potential energy of the system is best given
Ans: (b) by (2019)
Sol:
1 é -q 2 -qQd ù
-
(a)
4p Î0 êë d ú
2D2 û

1 é -q 2 2qQd ù
+
(b)
4p Î0 êë d ú
D2 û

1 é q 2 qQd ù
(c) 4p Î ê+ d + 2 ú
0 ë D û
ELECTROSTATICS 13

1 é q 2 qQd ù 2kq D 2kq D

(d) 4p Î ê - d - 2 ú = 2 2
´ - 2
´
2 2 2
0 ë D û D +d D +d 2
D + 2d 2
D + 2d
Ans: (d)
2kqD 2kqD
Sol:
é ù = 3
- 3

1 ê q -q qQ -q Q ú D2 + d 2 2 é D 2 + 2d 2
ù2
U= ê + + ú ë û
4p Î0 ê d æ dö æ d öú
ê ç D + ÷ ç D - ÷ For d << D
ë è 2ø è 2 ø úû
D
Eµ
é dö d öù D3
æ æ
ê 2
qQ ç D - ÷ - qQ ç D + ÷ ú
1 -q è 2ø è 2ø 1
= ê + 2
ú µ
4p Î0 ê d 2 d ú D2
ê D - ú
ë 4 û 30. A uniformly charged ring of radius 3a and total charge +q
2 2 is placed in xy-plane centred at origin. A point charge +q is
1 é q qQd ù d
= ê - - 2 ú ,Q << D moving towards the ring along the z-axis and has speed
4p Î0 ë d D û 4 vat z = 4a. The minimum value of v such that it crosses the
origin is : (2019)
29. Four point charges -q, + q, + q and - q are placed on y- 1/ 2
2 æ 4 q2 ö 2 æ 1 q2 ö
axis at y = -2d , y = - d , y = + d and y = +2d , (a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷
respectively. The magnitude of the electric field E at a
m è 15 4pe 0 a ø m è 5 4pe 0 a ø
point on the x-axis at x = D, with D >> d , will behave as: 1/ 2 1/ 2
(2019) 2 æ 2 q2 ö 2 æ 1 q2 ö
(c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷
m è 15 4pe 0 a ø m è 15 4pe 0 a ø
1 1
(a) E µ (b) E µ Ans: (c)
D3 D
Sol: Potential at any point of the charged ring
1 1
(c) E µ (d) E µ kq
D4 D2 Vp =
Ans: (d) R2 + Z 2
r uur ur ur ur
Sol: E = E1 + E 2 + E 3 + E 4

or E = 2 E cos a - 2 E cos b

R=3a
Z=4a

l = R 2 + Z 2 = 5a
The minimum velocity (v0) is just sufficient to reach the
point charge at the center, therefore
ELECTROSTATICS 14

1 2
mv0 = q VC - VP
2
é Kq Kq ù
= qê -
ë 3a 5a úû

4 Kq 2 4 1 q2
v02 = =
15ma 15 4pe 0 ma
1
2æ 2q 2 ö2
Þ v0 = ç ÷
m è 15 ´ 4pe 0 a ø L L
(a) 2p (b) 2p
æ qE ö æ 2 q2 E 2 ö
31. In free space, a particle A of charge 1 m C is held fixed at a çg + ÷ çg + ÷
è mø è m2 ø
point P. Another particle B of the same charge and m a s s
4 m g is kept at a distance of 1 mm from P. If B is released,
then its velocity at a distance of 9 mm from P is: (c) 2p
L (d) 2p L
æ qE ö æ 2 æ qE ö 2 ö
1/2

é 1 ù çg - ÷ çç g + ç ÷ ÷
êTake = 9 ´ 109 Nm2 C -2 ú (2019) è m ø è m ø ÷ø
ë 4pe 0 û è
Ans: (d)
(a) 1.0 m/s (b) 3.0×10 4 m / s
Sol: Time period of the pendulum (T) is given by
(c) 2.0×103 m / s (d) 1.5×102 m / s
Ans: (c) L
T = 2p
Sol: Using conservation of energy g eff
1 2
Ui = U F + mv mg
2
+ qE
2
2 g eff =
m
kq1 q2 kq1 q2 1 2
= + mv 2
r1 r2 2 æ qE ö
Þ geff = g 2 + ç
L
÷ Þ T = 2p
è m ø æ qE ö
2

g2 + ç ÷
1 2 é1 1 ù è m ø
Þ mv = kq1 q2 ê - ú
2 ë r1 r2 û 33. Shown in the figure is a shell made of a conductor. It has
inner radius a and outer radius b, and carries charge Q. At
2kq1 q2 é1 1 ù its centre is a dipole P as shown. In this case: (2019)
v2 = ê - ú
m ë r1 r2 û

2 ´ 9 ´ 109 ´ 10 -12 é 1ù +6
= êë1 - 9 úû = 4 ´ 10
4 ´ 10 -6 ´ 10-3

v = 2 ´ 103 m / s
32. A simple pendulum of length L is placed between the plates
of a parallel plate capacitor having electric field E, as shown
in figure. Its bob has mass m and charge q. The time period (a) surface change density on the inner surface is uniform
of the pendulum is given by: (2019) Q
and equal to 2 2
4p a
ELECTROSTATICS 15
(b) electric field outside the shell is the same as that of a
point charge at the centre of the shell.
(c) surface charge density on the outer surface depends
on P
(d) surface charge density on the inner surface of the shell
is zero everywhere.
Ans: (b)
Sol: Surface charge density depends only on Q.
r r q1l
Also, Ñ
ò E.dA = or E ´ 4p r 2 = 1 4p r 2 dr
e0 e0 òS
Q 1 Q
or E ´ 4p r 2 = ÞE= for r ³ R 1
r
e0 4pe 0 r 2 2
or E ´ 4p r = kr 4p r 2 dr
e0 ò
r 0
34. A point dipole p = - p0 xˆ is kept at the origin. The
potential and electric field due to this dipole on the y-axis 4p k æ r 4 ö
or E ´ 4p r 2 = ç ÷
at a distance d are, respectively : (Take V = 0 at infinity) e0 è 4 ø
(2019)
r r r k 2
P P -P \E= r …(1)
(a) , (b) 0, 4e 0
2
4pe 0 d 4pe 0 d 3 4pe 0 d 3
R
r r r
R
2 r4
P P -P Also 2Q = ò kr 4p r dr = 4p k
(c) 0, 3 (d) , 0 4 0
4pe 0 d 4pe 0 d 2 4pe 0 d 3
Ans: (b) p kR -4
Q= …(2)
Sol: The electric potential at the bisector is zero and electric 2
field is antiparallel to the dipole moment. From above equations,
r
r 1 æ - P ö Qr 2
\ V = 0 and E = ç 3 ÷ E= …(3)
4pe 0 è d ø 2pe 0 R 4

35. Let a total charge 2Q distributed in a sphere of radius R, According to given condition

with the charge density given by r r = kr , where r is Q4

2
= EQ …(4)
the distance from the centre. Two charges A and B, of – Q 4pe 0 20
each, are placed on diametrically opposite points, at equal
1
distance, a, from the centre. If A and B do not experience -
4
From equations (3) and (4), we have a = 8 R
any force, the: (2019)
36. Two infinite planes each with uniform surface charge
1
- 3R density +s C / m 2 are kept in such a way that the angle
(a) a = 8 4
R (b) a= 1
2 4 between them is 30 0 . The electric field in the region shown
between them is given by; (2020)
1
- R
(c) a = 2 4
R (d) a=
3
Ans: (a)
r r qin
Sol:
ò .dA =
E
e0
ELECTROSTATICS 16

s éæ 3ö 1 ù
(a) 2 Î çê ç 1 - ÷ y - xú
0 ê
ëè 2 ÷ø 2 úû

s éæ 3ö 1 ù
(b) 2 Î çê ç 1 + ÷ y - xú
êè
0 ë 2 ÷ø 2 ûú 3q 2 3q
(a) (b)
4pe 0 d 2 pe 0 d 2
s éæ 3ö 1 ù
(c) 2 Î êçç1 - 2 ÷÷ y + 2 x ú 3q 3 3q
êè
0 ë ø ûú (c) (d)
pe 0 d 2 4pe 0 d 2
s éæ 3ö 1 ù Ans : (c)
(d) êçç1 + ÷÷ y + x ú r r r r
2 Î0 êëè 2 ø 2 úû Solc : Applying superposition principle, Enet = E1 + E2 + E3
Ans : (a)
s ur ur
Sol : Field due to single plate = = éë E1 ùû = éë E 2 ùû
2 Î0
ur ur ur
Net electric field E = E1 + E 2

s s s
= cos 30 0 - j + sin 300 -$i + j
2 Î0 2 Î0 2 Î0 By symmetry, net electric field along the x-axis.

s æ 3ö s r 4kq 3q
= çç1 - ÷÷ j - i Enet = 2 ´ 2 cos 30° =
2 Î0 è 2 ø 4 Î0 d pe 0 d 2
38. If finding the electric field around a surface is given by
s éæ 3ö 1 ù r q
= êçç1 - ÷÷ y - x ú
2 Î0 êëè 2 ø 2 úû E = enclosed is applicable. In the formula e is
e0 A 0
37. Three charged particles A, B and, C with charge –4q, +2q
and –2q are present on the circumference of a circle of permittivity of free space, A is area of Gaussian surface
radius ‘d’. The charges particles A, C and centre O of the and qenc is charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface. This
circle formed an equilateral triangle as shown in figure.
equation can be used in which of the following situation?
Electric field at O along x– direction is: (2020)
(2020)
(a) Only when the Gaussian surface is an equipotential
surface.
r
(b) Only when E = constant on the surface..
r
(c) Equipotential surface and E is constant on the
surface.
ELECTROSTATICS 17
(d) for any choice of Gaussian surfaces.
1 2
Ans : (c) qEx = mv
Sol : The magnitude of the electric field is constant and the
2
electric field must be along the area vector i.e. the surface v2 µ x
is equipotential. Hence, solution will be option (b)
39. Consider two charged metallic spheres S1and S 2 of radii 41. A solid sphere having a radius R and uniform charge
r1 and r 2 respectively. The electric fields E 1(on S1) and
density r . If a sphere of radius R/2 is carved out of it as
E1 r1 shown in the figure. Find the ratio of the magnitude of
E2(on S 2) on their surfaces are such that =
E2 r2 . Then electric field at point A and B (2020)

the ratio V1(on S1) /V2(on S2) of the electrostatic potentials

on each sphere is (2020)
2
r1 æ r1 ö
(a) (b) ç ÷
r2 è r2 ø
3
r2 æ r1 ö
(c) (d) ç ÷
r1 è r2 ø
Ans : (b)
Sol : 17 18
(a) (b)
E1 r1 54 54
=
E2 r2 18 21
2 (c) (d)
V1 E1r1 r1 r1 æ r1 ö 34 34
= = ´ =ç ÷ Ans : (c)
V2 E2r2 r2 r2 è r2 ø
Sol : For solid sphere,
40. A particle of mass m and charge is released from rest in rr
uniform electric field. If there is no other force on the Field inside sphere, E =
particle, the dependence of its speed v on the distance x 3e 0 & field outside sphere,
travelled by it is correctly given by (graphs are schematic
and not drawn to scale) (2020) r R2
E= where r is distance fromcentre and R is
(a) (b) 3r 2e 0
radius of sphere. Electric field at A due to sphere of
radius R (sphere 1) is zero and therefore, net electricfield
R
will be because of sphere of radius (sphere 2) having
2
charge density ( - r )
(c)
-r R
(d) EA =
2 3e 0

rR
EA =
6e 0
Similarly, Electric field atpoint B = EB = E1B +2B

Ans : (b)
Sol : Applying work energy theorem,
ELECTROSTATICS 18
E1B = Electric Field due to solid sphere of radius From option, on putting l = -1 ´ 10 29 ,
rR r
R we get E = iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ
3e 0 r
43. An electric field E = 4 xiˆ - y 2 + 1 ˆj N / C , passes
R
E2B = Electric Field due to solid sphere of radius which through the box shown in figure. The flux of the electric
2
field through surface ABCD and BCEF are marked as f1
having charge density - r
æ Nm2 ö
æRö
3 and f2 , then difference between f1 - f2 is ç ÷
rç ÷ è C ø
è 2ø rR
=- 2
=- (2020)
æ 3R ö 54e 0
3ç ÷ e0
è 2 ø

r R r R 17 r R
EB = E1 A + E2 A = - =
3e 0 54e 0 54e 0

EA 9 18
= =
E B 17 34
42. An electric dipole of moment
r r
p = -iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2 kˆ ´ 10 -29 p C m at the origin (0,0,0). The
r
electric field due to this dipole at r = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ is
r r Ans : 48.00
parallel to [Note that r . p = 0 ] (2020) r r
Sol : Electric flux through a surface is f = E = dA
ò
(a) iˆ - 3 ˆj - 2kˆ (b) -iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2kˆ
For surface ABCD,
(c) +iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ (d) -iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ r
dA is along -kˆ
Ans : (c)
r r r r
Sol : The electric dipole of moment p = q.a where ‘a’ is So, at all the points of this surface, E.dA = 0
distance between charge. Because, f ABCD = f1 = 0
r rr
r
Electric field E at position r is given by
2 Kp.r For surface BCEF,
4
r is along (i)
r r So,
2Kp ´ r
along radial direction and 4 along tangential r r
r E.dA = E x dA
direction , where fBCEF = f2 = 4 x 2 ´ 2
r
r = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ - 0iˆ + 0 ˆj + 0kˆ = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ
r r
Since already in question, p .r = 0, this means field is
If x = 3

along tangential direction and dipole is also perpendicular Nm 2

f2 = 48
to radius vector. C
Since electric field and dipole are along same line, we can
r r Nm 2
write E = l p Where lis an arbitrary constant Hence, f1 - f2 = -48
C
ELECTROSTATICS 19
44. A charged particle (mass m and charge q) moves along X axis qEd
with velocity V0. When it passes through the origin it enters Slope = m = tan q = -
r mV02
a region having uniform electric field E = - Ejˆ which extend
upto x = d. Equation of path of electron in the region x > equation of straight line,
d is : (2020)
æ qEd ö
y = (tan q) x + c ...(4) = - ç 2 ÷
x+c
è mV0 ø

qEd 2
(now for C, at x = d, y = - put in (4)
2mv 20

qEd 2 qEd æ d ö qEd 2 qEd 2

- =- +c
(a) y = x (b) y = 2 ç
-x÷ 2mv 02 mV02
mV02 mV0 è 2 ø

qEd qEd qEd 2

Þc=
(c) y = x -d (d) y = x
2mv02
mV02 mV02
Ans. (b) r
For x > d, as no E
Sol :-
æ qEd ö qEd 2
y=-ç 2 ÷ x +
è mv 0 ø 2mv02

qEd æ d ö
y= 2 ç
-x÷
mv 0 è 2 ø
45. A small point mass carrying some positive charge on it, is
released from the edge of a table. There is a uniform electric
field in this region in the horizontal direction. Which of
the following options then correctly describe the trajectory
of the mass ? (Curves are drawn schematically and are not
1 2 to scale). (2020)
-y = at
2
1 qE 2
-y = t ....(1)
2 m
X = V0 t

x
Þ t=
V0 ....(2)
(a) (b)
for x £ d,

1 qE x 2
y=-
2 m V02 ...(3)

dy 1 qE 2x
=- ´
dx x =d 2 m V02 x =d
ELECTROSTATICS 20

(c) (d) Q1 = s.4pr 2

Q 2 = s.4pR 2

Q = 4 ps (R 2 + r 2 )
Q
Þ s=
4p (R 2 + r 2 )
Ans. (c)
Sol :- KQ1 KQ 2
vc = +
r R

Ks4pr 2 Ks4pR 2
= + = Ks 4p (r + R)
r R
Q KQ (r + R)
= 4pK 2 2
(r + R) =
4p (R + r ) (R 2 + r 2 )

Since it is released from rest. 1 (R + r)

´Q
And anet is constant. 4pE 0 (R 2 + r 2 )
If will have straight line path along net ‘a’.
47. Two isolated conducting spheres S1 and S2 of radius
46. A charge Q is distributed over two concentric conducting
thin spherical shells radii r and R (R > r). If the surface 2 1
charge densities on the two shells are equal, the electric R and R have 12 mC and -3mC charges,
3 3
potential at the common centre is : (2020)
respectively, and are at a large distance from each other.
They are now connected by a conducting wire. A long
time after this is done the charges on S1 and S2 are
respectively : (2020)
(a) 6 mC and 3 mC

(b) 4.5 mC on both

(c) + 4.5 mC and - 4.5 mC

(d) 3 mC and 6 mC
Ans : (a)
1 (2R + r) 1 (R + r)
(a) Q (b) Q Sol:
2 2
4p Î0 (R + r ) 4p Î0 (R 2 + r 2 )

1 (R + r) 1 (R + 2r) Q
(c) 4p Î 2 2
Q (d)
0 2(R + r ) 4p Î0 2(R 2 + r 2 )
Ans : (b)
Sol :

q1 + q 2 = 9mC

Kq1 Kq 2
=
2 1
R R
3 3
q1 = 2q 2
3q 2 = 9mC
ELECTROSTATICS 21

q 2 = 3mC
(b)
q1 = 6mC
48. Concentric metallic hollow spheres of radii R and 4R hold
charges Q1 and Q2 respectively. Given that surface charge
densities of the concentric spheres are equal, the potential
difference V (R) – V (4R) is : (2020)
3Q 2 3Q1
(a) (b)
4pe0 R 4pe0 R

3Q1 Q2
(c) (d) 4pe R (c)
16 pe0 R 0

Ans : (c)

Q1 Q2
Sol : s= 2
=
4pR 4p16R 2
16Q1 = Q2

(d)

KQ1 KQ 2 KQ1 KQ 2
VR - V4R = + - -
R 4R 4R 4R
Ans : (a)
3KQ1 3Q1
= = Sol : Let us choose points A,B,C,D as shown to understand
4R 16pe 0 R the direction of net electric field to get a better picture.

49. Two charged thin infinite plane sheets of uniform surface

charge density s + and s- , where s+ > s- , intersect
at right angle. Which of the following best represents the
electric field lines for this system: (2020)

(a)

r r
E + > E-

q > 450
50. Two point charges +4q and –q are fixed on the x-axis at
d d
x = - and x = , respectively. If a third point charges
2 2
ELECTROSTATICS 22
‘q’ is taken from the origin to x = d along the semicircle as 51. A particle of charge and mass m is subjected to an electric
shown in the figure, the energy of the charge will; field E = E0 (1 – ax2) in the x-direction, where a and E0 are
constants. Initially the particle was at rest at x = 0. Other
than the initial position the kinetic energy of the particle
(2020) becomes zero when the distance of the particle from the
origin is: (2020)

2
(a) (b) a
a

3 1
(c) (d)
a a
Ans : (c)
q2 4q 2 Sol : W = DKE
(a) decrease by (b) decrease by
4pÎ0 d 3pÎ0 d x

3q 2 2q 2
ò Fdx = 0
0
(c) increase by (d) increase by
4pÎ0 d 3pÎ0 d
x
Ans : (b)
Sol :
ò qE dx = 0
0

x
q E 0 1 - ax 2 dx = 0
ò
0

éx x
ù
Initial and final potential energy are, qE0 ê dx - a x 2dx ú = 0
ò ò
êë 0 0 úû
é ù
1 ê 4q 2
q 2
4q 2ú é ax 3 ù
Ui = ê – – ú qE0 ê x - ú=0
d
4pe 0 ê æ ö æ ö d d ú ë 3 û
êë çè 2 ÷ø çè 2 ÷ø úû
æ ax 2 ö
x ç1 - ÷=0
é ù
è 3 ø
1 ê 4q 2 q 2 4q 2 ú
Uf = ê - – ú
4pe0 ê æ 3d ö æ d ö d ú ax 2
êë çè 2 ÷ø çè 2 ÷ø úû x = 0, 1 - =0
3

1 4q.q 1 4q.q ax 2
U f - Ui = DU = . - . =1
4pe 0 (3d / 2) 4pe 0 (d / 2) 3
3
4q 2 æ 2 ö æ 2 ö 4q 2 x=
= ç ÷ç ÷ - = (-) a
4pe 0 è d ø è 3 ø 3pe0 .d
52. A solid sphere of radius R carries a charge +Q distributed
uniformly over its volume. A very small point like piece of
4q 2 it of mass m gets detached from the bottom of the sphere
= decrease by
3pe0 .d and falls down vertically under gravity. This piece carries
charge q. If it acquires a speed n when it has fallen through
ELECTROSTATICS 23
a vertical height y (see figure), then : (assume the remaining
portion to be spherical). (2020)

é qQ ù
(a) n2 = 2y ê + gú 1 kq (Q) kq (Q)
ë 4p Î0 R (R + y) m û mv 2 = - + + mgy
2 R+y R
é QqR ù
(b) n2 = 2y ê + gú mv 2 -kq (Q) R + kq (Q) (R + y)
3 = + mgy
ë 4p Î0 R (R + y) m û 2 R (R + y)

é qQ ù 2 é -kqQR + kqQR + kqQ ù

(c) n2 = 2y ê + gú V2 = ê + mgy ú
ë 4p Î0 R (R + y) m û më R (R + y) û
é qQ ù 2 é kq (Q) y ù
(d) n2 = 2y ê + gú
2 V2 = ê R (R + y) + mgy ú potential at A
ë 4p Î0 R ym û m ë û
Ans : (a)
Sol : M.E.C.
k (Q + q)
VA =
R
KA + UA = KB + UB
k (Q + q)
1 VB =
0 + mgy + qVA = mv 2 + 0 + (+qv B ) R+y
2
1 é q(Q) ù é qQ ù
mgy + qVA = mv 2 + q (VB ) V2 = 2y ê + gú = 2y ê +gú
2 ë4pe0R(R + y)m û ë4pe0 R(R + y)m û
qk (Q) 1 qk (Q) 53. Ten charges are placed on the circumference of a circle of
mgy + = mv 2 + radius R with constant angular separation between
R 2 R+y
successive charges. Alternate charges 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 have
charge (+q) each, while 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 have charge (–q) each.
The potential V and the electric field E at the centreof the
circle are respectively. (Take V = 0 at infinity) (2020)
(a) V = 0; E = 0

10q 10q
(b) V = 4p Î R ; E =
0 4p Î0 R 2
ELECTROSTATICS 24

10q
(c) V = 0; E =
4p Î0 R 2

10q
(d) V = ;E=0
4p Î0 R
Ans : (a)
Sol :

kQ2 / x22 x1
tan q = =
kQ1 / x12 x2

Q2 .x12 x1
=
Q1.x22 x2

Q1 x1
=
Q2 x2
55. Consider the force F on a charge ‘q’ due to a uniformly
charged spherical shell of radius R carrying charge Q
æ kq ö æ 5k ( -q) ö distributed uniformly over it. Which one of the following
Vnet = 5 ç ÷ + ç ÷
èR ø è R ø statements is true for F, if ‘q’ is placed at distance r from
the centre of the shell? (2020)
Vnet = 0 [Qnet = 0]

E net = 0 by symmetry 1 qQ
(a) > F > 0 for r < R
54. Charges Q1 and Q2 are at points A and B of a right angle 4p Î0 R 2
triangle OAB (see figure). The resultant electric field at
point O is perpendicular to the hypotenuse, then Q1/Q2is 1 qQ
proportional to: (2020) (b) F = for r > R
4p Î0 r 2

1 qQ
(c) F = for all r
4p Î0 r 2

1 qQ
(d) F = for r < R
4p Î0 R 2
Ans : (b)
2 Sol :
x2 x
2
(a) (b) 2
x1 x
1

x13 x1
(c) 3 (d)
x2 x2
Ans : (d)
For r < R
Sol :
E=0
For r > R

kQq
F=
r2
ELECTROSTATICS 25
56. Two identical electric point dipoles have dipole moments
r r
p1 = pi$ and p2 = - pi$ and are held on the x axis at
distance ‘a’ from each other. When released, they move
along the x-axis with the direction of their dipole moments
remaining unchanged. If the mass of each dipole is ‘m’,
their speed when they are infinitely far apart is: (2020)

p 3 p 1
(a) (b)
a 2p Î0 ma a p Î0 ma

p 1 p 2 Ans. 226.00
(c) (d)
a 2p Î0 ma a p Î0 ma Sol. From symmetry
Answer: (c) 1æ q ö
Sol : f= ç ÷
6 è e0 ø

12 ´10 –6
=
6 ´ 8.85 ´10 –12

Nm2
Interaction energy of dipole is = 225.98 ´103
C

æ Kp ö Nm 2
dç 2 ÷ ; 226 ´103
dv r ø -2kP
=p Þp è
C
Þ 3
dr dr r 58. 512 identical drops of mercury are charged to a potential of
2V each. The drops are joined to from a single drop. The
Now from E.C.
potential of this drop is ____ V.
[JEE Mains 2021]
2kP 1 2 1 2 Ans. 128.00
= mv + mv
r3 2 2 Sol. Q = 512q
2kp 2 Volmei = Volumef
V=
mr 3 4 4
512 ´ pr 3 = pR 3
\r = a 2 3
29r3 =R3
P 1
V= R = 8r
a 2pe 0 ma
kq
2=
r
57. A point charge of +12 m C is at distance 6 cm vertically
above the centre of a square of side 12 cm as shown in kQ k512q
V= =
figure. The magnitude of th elctric flux throught the square R 8r
will be _____ ×103 Nm2/C. [JEE Mains 2021] V = 128
59. Two identical conducting spheres with negligible voulme
have 2.1nC and –0.1 nC charges, respectively. They are
brought into contact and then separated by a distance of
0.5 m. The electrostatie force acting between the spheres is
______ ×10–9N.
ELECTROSTATICS 26
2
é 1 ù 3 27 27 q
êGiven : 4pe0 = 9 ´ 109 SI unit ú U= k
ë û 5 3r
[JEE Mains 2021]
27 27 æ 3 kq 2 ö
Ans. 36.00 U= ç ÷
3 è5 r ø
Sol.
U = 243U1
2.1 – 0.1
q= nC = 1nC 62. Two electrons each are fixed at a distance ‘2d’. proton
2
placed at the midpoint is displaced slightly by a distance x
9 ´109 ´ 10 –18
F= 2
= 36 ´ 10 –9 (x < < d) perpendicular to the line joining the two fixed
0.5 charges. Proton will execute simple harmonic
motion having angular frequency : (m = mass of charged
60. Two small spheres each of mass 10 mg are suspended
particle) [JEE Mains 2021]
from a point by threads 0.5m long. They are equally
charged and repel each other to a distance of 0.20 m. The 1 1
æ q2 ö2 æ 2pe0 md 3 ö 2
a A. ç 3 ÷ B. ç 2 ÷
charge on each of the sphere is ´ 10( -8) C . The value of è 2pe0 md ø è q ø
21
‘ ‘ will be [Given g = 10 ms–2] [JEE Mains 2021] 1 1
æ 2q 2 ö 2 æ pe0 md 3 ö 2
Sol. Tcosq = mg = 10 × 10( -6) ×10 = 10( -4) C. ç 3 ÷ D. ç 2 ÷
è pe 0 md ø è 2q ø
9×109 ×q 2 Ans. A
Tsinq = =F
0.04 Sol.

0.1
tan q = ´10 –8
0.24

2 10
q= ´ 10 –8
3 24
a –8
0.95 × 10–8 21 ´ 10 Fnetq = – éë 2Fq/ q cos q ùû

a = 20
61. 27 similar drops of mercury are maintained at 10V each. All 1 q2 x
Fnetq = –2. . . q2 x
these spherical drops combine into a single big drop. The 2 =
4pe 0 d2 + x2
2 2
d + x 2pe 0 d 2 + x 2
3
2
potential energy of the bigger drop is how many times
that of a smaller drop.
[JEE Mains 2021] For x < < d,
Ans. 243.00 q2
Fnet q = – x
æ4 ö 4 2pe 0 d 3
Sol. 27 ç pr 3 ÷ = pR 3
è 3 ø 3 q
R = 3r \ a=– x
2pe 0 .md 3
Potential energy of smaller drop
2
Comparing with equation of SHM a = – w x
3 kq 2
U1 =
5 r
q2
Potential energy of bigger drop \ w=
2pe 0 md 3
2
3 k 27q 63. Find the electric field at point P (as shown in figure) on the
U=
5 R perpendicualar bisector of a uniformly charged thin wire of
length L carrying charge Q. The distance of the point P
ELECTROSTATICS 27

3 C
from the centre of the rod is a = L [JEE Mains 2021] s = 0.424 ´ 10 –9
2 m2
65. An oil drop of radius 2 mm with a density 3 g cm–3 is held
stationary under a constant electric field 3.55 × 105 V m–1 in
the Milikan’s oil drop experiment. What is the number of
excess electrons that the oil drop will possess?
Consider g = 9.81 m/s2 [JEE Mains 2021]
(a) 48.8 × 1011 (b) 1.73 × 1012
(c) 1.73 5 1010 (D) 17.3 × 1010
Ans. C
Sol. qE = Mg

Q 3Q æ4 ö
(a). 4pe L2 (c) neE = r ç pr 3 ÷ ´ g
0 4pe0 L2 è3 ø

Q Q n ´1.6 ´ 10 –19 ´ 3.55 ´ 105

(b) 3pe L2 (d) 2
0 2 3pe 0 L 4 3
= 3 ´ 103 ´ ´ p 2 ´ 10–3 ´ 9.81
Ans. D 3
Sol. 3–9–5 +19
n = 173.5 ´ 10
kl
E= sin q1 + sin q 2 n = 1.73 ´1010
a
66. The electric field in a region is given by
1 Q 1 r æ3 r 4 rö
E= ´ ´ ´ 2sin q E = ç E 0 i + E 0 j ÷ N / C . The ratio of flux of reported
4pe0 L æ 3L ö è5 5 ø
çç 2 ÷÷ field reactangular surface of area 0.2 m2 ( parallel to y - z
è ø
plane) to that of the surface of area 0.3 m2 (parallel to x -z
L/2 1 plane) is a : b, where a = ______.
tan q = = Ans. 1.00 [JEE Mains 2021]
3L 3
2 r æ 3E r 4E rö N
Sol. E=ç 0 i+ 0 j÷
è 5 5 øC
1
sin q =
2 A1 = 0.2 m2 [parallel to y-z plane]

1 2Q æ 1ö 2.1 – 0.1
E= ´ ´ç2´ ÷ q= nC = 1nC
4pe 0 3L2 è 2ø 2
9 ´109 ´10 –18
F= = 36 ´10–9
Q 0.5
2
E=
2 3pe 0 L2
A2 = 0.3 m2 [parallel to x-z plane]
64. Find out the surface charge density at the intersection of r r
point x = 3 plane and x-axis, in the region of uniform line = A 2 = 0.3m2 j
charge of 8nC/m lying along the z-axis in free space. Now,
[JEE Mains 2021]
(a) 0.07 nCm –2
(b) 47.88 C/m é 3E r 4E ù r 3 ´ 0.2
fa ê 0 i + 0 ú éë0.2 i ùû = E0
(c) 0.424 nC m–2 (d) 4.0 nC m–2 ë 5 5 û 5
Ans. C &

2Kl s é 3E r 4E rù r 3 ´ 0.2
Sol. = x = 3m fb ê 0 i + 0 j ú éë 0.2i ùû = E0
r e0 ë 5 5 û 5
ELECTROSTATICS 28
Now,
q
fa 0.5 1 a Flux through cube = 8e
0
= = =
fb 1.2 2 b Flux through surface ABEH, ADGH, ABCD will be zero
Þ a:b = 1: 2 1æ q ö Q
f EFGH = f DCGF = f EBCF = ç ÷=
Þ a=1 3 è 8e 0 ø 24e 0

r 2 r 3 r 69. Given below are two statements:

67. The electric field in a region is given by E = E 0 i + E 0 j Statement I : An electric dipole is placed at the centre of a
3 5
hollow sphere. The flux of electric field through the sphere
N
3 is zero but the electric field is not zero anywhere in the
with E 0 = 4.0 ´ 10 . The flux of this field through a
C sphere.
reactangular surface area 0.4 m2 parallel to the Y - Z plane Statement II: If R is the radius of a solid metallic sphere and
is _____Nm2C–1 [JEE Mains 2021] Q be the total charge on it. The electric field at any point on
Ans. 640.00 the spherical surface of radius r in the light of the above
statement, choose the correct answer from the options give
2 below
Sol. f = Ex A Þ ´ 4 ´ 103 ´ 0.4 = 640
5 [JEE Mains 2021]
68. A charge ‘q’ is placed at one corner of a cube as shown in A. Bot statement I and Statement II are false
r B. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
figure. The flux of electrstatic field E throughthe shaded
area is : [JEE Mains 2021] C. Statement I is ture but Statement II is false
D. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Ans. (c)
Sol.

q q
(a) 24e (b) 4e
0 0

r uur q in
q
(c) 48e
q
(d) 8e Ñò = e0 = 0 = f
Eds
0 0
r
Ans. A Flux of E through sphere is zero
Sol. r uur r
But for small Ñò Eds = 0 Þ Eds ¹ 0 for small section ds
only
Statement - 2
ELECTROSTATICS 29

As change encloses withing Gaussian surface is equal to

r uur
zero f = Ñò E.ds = 0
Option (2) statment - 1 correct statement - 2 false