I.
Introduction
Plant disease is described as a state of local or systemic unusual physiological
activity in a plant caused by phytopathogenic organisms. There are two types of crop disease,
the abiotic also known as the non-infectious these diseases caused by non-living agents like
weather, soils, chemicals, or mechanical injuries. And the biotic or the infectious diseases
caused by living organisms, and they are called plant pathogens. Arthropods (insects and
mites) are the most common plant virus vectors, though nematodes and primitive soil
microorganisms can also transmit these pathogens. Hemiptera insects: The Hemiptera order
of insects contains the most important virus vectors and includes aphids, leafhoppers,
whiteflies, and mealybugs. These diseases may affect the growth performance of a crop or the
productivity of a crop. We can manage or prevent these diseases through purchasing high
quality of plant or seeds, good sanitation practices and by spraying pesticide or applying
fertilizers.
II. Plant Diseases
Aphids) (Eggplant)- These insects damage a plant by injecting their sharp, hollow
mouthparts into its tissue and sucking out the plant's juices.
DOWNY MILDEW (Water Mildew)- Spinach downy
mildew is noticed first as yellowing patches on leaves, often
bounded by leaf veins to create an angular leaf spot.
ANTHRACNOSE (Snow Cabbage)- anthracnose, a group
of fungal diseases that affect a variety of plants in
warm, humid areas.
III. Management
1. Aphids (eggplant)
- We can use pesticides or insecticides, but we can control Aphids naturally or in an
organic way through spraying a soap and water mixture. Another method cloud be
spraying the aphids off the plant with the garden hose.
2. Anthracnose (Snow Cabagge)
- Anthracnose can be avoided by destroying diseased parts, using disease-free seed
and disease-resistant varieties, applying fungicides, and controlling insects and
mites that spread anthracnose fungi from plant to plant.
3. Downy mildew (water spinach)
- Strategies for managing spinach downy mildew include the use of resistant
varieties, cultural practices like, avoid the use of overhead irrigation or schedule
water applications for early in the morning to promote rapid drying and to
minimize the number of hours of leaf wetness.
- The application of foliar fungicides is also an important tool for managing spinach
downy mildew. Plants should be inspected weekly for symptoms of downy
mildew, starting early in the season or as soon as row covers are removed. The
fungicides currently registered for use on spinach to control downy mildew are
protectants, meaning that they protect plants against new infections but will not
eliminate established infections.
GROUP 4:
Marc Joseph Barcarse
Jaime Granado
Karen Joy Mercado
Heart Ramos
Karen Joy Raquenio
Ma. Antonette Serrano
Marvin Soller
Francis Soller
Marvelyn Umbay
