1

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MVGM GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

VENNIKULAM , PATHANAMTHITTA

INTERNSHIP REPORT
2023-2024
REPORT
ON
SUMMER INTERNSHIP 2

GUIDED BY, SUBMITTED BY

Mrs. REENA R AMAL RAVI
LECTURER IN ELECTRONICS REG.NO:2201042183
M.V.G.M GPTC VENNIKULAM
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship Report was presented by fourth semester student
of Electronics Engineering Department of MVGM Govt. Polytechnic College,
Vennikulam for the fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Diploma in
Electronics Engineering under the Board of Technical Educationduring the year
2021-2024.

GUIDED BY , HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mrs. RENNA R Mr. DEVAKUMAR.N
Lecturer in Electronics Engineering HOD in Electronics Engineering
MVGM Govt Polytechnic College MVGM Govt Polytechnic College
Vennikulam, Pathanamthitta Vennikulam, Pathanamthitta
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am truly grateful to the Principal, MVGM Govt. Polytechnic College , Vennikulam for
permitting us to attend the Internship in United Electrical Industries Ltd, Kollam .I am also
thankful to the HOD, Electronics Department for arranging and coordinating the internship. I
am also thankful to all teachers of Electronics Department each of whom have played a part in
the smooth conduct of internship.
I am grateful and honoured to have attended training at United Electrical Industries Ltd,
Kollam. I would like to acknowledge the sincere efforts put by the trainer to help me with my
doubts throughout the sessions. Apart from that, I express My sincere gratitude to all those who
contributed towards my successful completion of this session and project.

Sincerely,
AMAL RAVI
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INDEX

Serial Chapter name Page

No. Num.

1 Introduction 5

2 United Electrical Industries Limited 8

 History
 Company profile
 Awards and Achievements

3 Products 17

 MOTOR STARTER


LED streetlights


4 Conclusion
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The main aim of the industrial visit is to gain an industrial familiarization and in depth
knowledge of functioning of various departments. for this a study has been conducted in a
company the control of government of Kerala. under United Electrical Industries Ltd, Kollam
was incorporated in the year 1950. It is the factory in India to manufacture electricity house
service meters. The company started its manufacturing in electrical collaboration with the
world renowned measuring instrument manufactures measures Aaron engineering company
Ltd, England. In this area of privatization and globalization, it would be very useful to study
how and organization under the control of government it is functioning and it completes with
the counterparts in the private sector. even though there are a lot of limitations, the company is
showing a study performant the company has been running in profit consistently since 1988
and maintains a positive net worth and negligible debt- equity ratio. the company has been
maintaining excellent industrial relations. the major shareholder of this company is
Government of Kerala.
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CHAPTER 2

UNITED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED

United Electrical Industries Limited or UNILEC or UEIL (locally known as Meter

Company) is an ISO 9001:2015 certified State Level Public Enterprise, operating in the
electrical engineering sector since 1950. The company was founded on 3 October 1950 and is
situated in the city of Kollam, Kerala.] It is the first factory in India to manufacture Electricity
House Service Meters. The products of UNILEC Limited are BIS approved with ISI marking.
They are producing type tested Energy Meters which are approved in various Test Labs like
ERDA - Baroda, ERTL North - Delhi, CPRI - Bangalore, and ETDC - Chennai. The company
has a high level of productivity with a monthly production capacity of more than 1 lakh Energy
Meters. UNILEC Limited has so far supplied over 40 lakh Electro-mechanical Meters and 50
lakh of Electronic Meters for domestic and industrial purpose. UNILEC is the only Electrical
Equipment Manufacturing company in Kerala capable of producing Energy Meters of any
specification on bulk basis maintaining quality standards of BIS, IEC etc. The Company also
has a R&D Division. now received Govt order for supply and installation of LED lights in all
LSGDs of state. In 2019, UNILEC developed Vehicle Location and Tracking device(VLTD)
which is an empanelled product of Kerala Motor Vehicle department.

 HISTORY
United Electrical Industries Limited was the first factory in India to manufacture Electricity
House Service Meters. UNILEC started its manufacturing activity during 1950, in technical
collaboration with the world-renowned measuring instrument manufacturer Aron Meters
Ltd., England. After 7 years, major shares of the company were taken over by the Government
of Kerala and reconstituted it as a Public Limited Company under the ownership of Kerala
State in 1957. Government of Kerala is holding 97.20% of the total share value of United
Electrical Industries Limited.

 COMPANY PROFILE

Electricity is the most important thing factor in the national economy. It promotes the
development and provides prosperity of the nation. It also helps in promoting business
development and expansion of employment opportunities people through out the world .

The electrical equipments and accessories industry with its highly diversified contant may be
segment in to :
1. Generation equipment
2. transmission equipment
3. Distribution equipment
The equipments and accessories may include –meters, motors, turbines, generators, switch
gears etc. besides these electrical consumer products like fans, electrical lamps, exhaust etc.
fall this domain.
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STRATEGIC INTENT
The mission , vision and qualify policy of united electrical industries Ltd, as follows.

MISSION
“To become number one electricity meter and grab a two digit share in the transformers or
water meter makes in India by ensuring costumers satisfaction of its products and services and
continues improvement”

VISION
“to become the pioneers through operational effectiveness and customer satisfaction”

QUALITY POLICY

“UEI and its application are committed to develop manufacture and marketing of house service
energy meter and motors control gear, ensuring customers satisfaction of the product and
service through continues improvement of the effectiveness of its aims achieved by setting and
reviewing quality objectives”

 AWARDS AND ACHIEVMENTS

UEIL a Kerala government public company based at Kollam received recognized for their
effort in energy conservation. Kerala electricity minister ,Shri A.K. Balan presented kerala
government conservation award 2008 and 100000 cash prize to UNILEC director Shri
R. Saku in a function at Palakkad Municipal town hall on 14/12/2008 in connection with the
energy conservation day.
Power consumption was going up on both urban and rural areas. The minister said that annually
160000 million units of electricity were being distributed in the state. By incorporating energy
conservation procedures, UEI were able to reduce their power bills from 15 lakhs month to
60000,conservation was reduced from 12500 units to 6600 units.
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CHAPTER 3

PRODUCTS

Major products of the company are

1. MOTOR STARTER

A motor starter is an electrical device that is used to start & stop a

motor safely. Like a relay, the motor starter switches the power
ON/OFF, but unlike a relay, it also provides thermal overcurrent
protection.
The main function of a motor starter is:
To safely start or stop a motor.
To reverse the direction of a motor.
To protect the motor from low voltage & overcurrent.
A motor starter consists of 2 main components:
Contactor: The main function of the contactor is to make or break
the current to an electric motor.
Overload Relay: Overheating and drawing too much current can
cause damage to the motor. Overload relays prevent this from
happening and protect the motor from any potential danger.

A motor starter typically has two circuits wired to it:

Power Circuit: The power circuit passes the main voltage to the motor through the starter
contacts and overload relay. The motor current is carried by the power contacts of the contactor.

Control Circuit: This circuit operates the contactor coil, which creates an electromagnetic
field. The power contacts are pulled by this electromagnetic field to a closed position. This
allows power to flow to the motor from the main voltage. This way, remote operations are
made possible by the control circuit. The control circuit can be wired two different ways:

Two-wire method: Utilizes maintained contacts such as selector switches, sensors,

thermostats, float switches, etc.

Three-wire method: Uses a holding circuit contact, and momentary contact pilot devices such
as pushbuttons.

The control circuit can derive power three ways:

Common Control: When the incoming voltage of the control circuit is the same as the motor.
Independent Control: The control circuit power comes from a separate exterior voltage.
Transformer Control: The incoming voltage is reduced by a control circuit transformer to a
lower, safer control voltage.
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AUTOTRANSFORMER STARTER

Reduced Voltage Auto Transformer starting is used widely in starting large industrial motors
due to its advantage of providing the highest starting torque with lowest starting line current.
An Autotransformer Starter is suitable for both star and delta connected motors. This type
of motor starting involves inserting an autotransformer in between the motor and the source.
The incoming voltage to the autotransformer input is reduced in proportion to the ‘tap’ setting
of auto transformer at the output.
Thermal overload relays protect from overcurrent and overheating.
Auto Transformer provide a better starting torque by offering high voltage for a specific
starting current.
Advantages of an Autotransformer Starter
Provides a better starting torque.
Used for starting large motors with a significant load.
Manual speed control.
Flexibility in starting characteristics.
Disadvantages of an Autotransformer Starter
Large size
Complex and costly circuitry

There are three main contactors that play critical role in auto transformer reduced voltage
starting. They are the start (S) contactor, main (M) contactor, and the run (R) contactor.
The start contactor connects all three phases of the system together to create a neutral point.
This ‘neutral’ will be internal to the starter and will be at zero voltage potential.

STAR-DELTA STARTER

Wye-Delta / Star-Delta starters are the most common reduced voltage starters. They reduce the
start current applied to the motor during start up as a means of reducing the voltage drop on the
electrical supply line. Voltage reduction during Wye-Delta, also known as Star-Delta, starting
is achieved by physically reconfiguring the motor windings. During the start up of the motor,
windings are connected in Wye / Star configuration, and this reduces the voltage across each
winding. This also reduces the torque by a factor of three.
After a timing period the winding are reconnected with a delta configuration and runs this way
until a stop command is given.

Advantages of a Wye-Delta Starter

Inexpensive
Simple and rugged design
Good torque/current performance
Draws twice the normal starting current of the motor connected
Disadvantages of a Wye-Delta Starter
Open transition has a break in supply voltage potential transient current.
Requires a six-terminal motor and six motor cables to starter.
Low starting torque

There are two methods for transitioning from Wye/Star connection to Delta connection:
Open transition: There is an open state between the Wye/Star state and the delta state. In open
transition the power is disconnected from the motor while the windings are reconfigured via
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external switching. If not properly transitioned can cause a changeover transient current which
can be damaging to the equipment.
Closed transition: This requires the use of a fourth contactor and a set of three resistors. The
resistors are sized to dissipate considerable current allowing a safe transition of power to the
motor.

2.
An DLMS Energy Meter is a smart device designed to
measure and record energy consumption in residential,
commercial, and industrial settings. Unlike traditional
Analog meters, DLMS Energy Meters utilize digital
technology to monitor and collect energy usage data.
These data measurements are performed in real time,
providing accurate and detailed information about
energy consumption patterns throughout the day. The
DLMS Energy Meter records not only the total amount
of energy consumed but also captures vital parameters
such as voltage, current, power factor, and frequency.
This comprehensive data collection allows consumers
and utility providers to analyse energy consumption
patterns, identify inefficiencies, and make informed decisions to optimize energy usage.

One of the key features that distinguishes DLMS energy meters is their ability to communicate
with other devices within a smart grid infrastructure. DLMS utilizes a standardized
communication protocol that allows for seamless integration with various smart devices,
including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), smart appliances, and home energy
management systems. Through this interoperability, DLMS Energy Meters can transmit real-
time energy consumption data to utility providers, enabling them to remotely monitor and
manage energy distribution effectively. Additionally, DLMS Energy Meters can receive
signals from utility providers to implement demand response programs, where energy
consumption can be adjusted during peak demand periods.

DLMS Energy Meters use secure data transmission methods to ensure the confidentiality and
privacy of energy consumption data. Advanced encryption algorithms and authentication
mechanisms protect the data from unauthorized access or tampering. This not only safeguards
the privacy of consumers, but also enhances the reliability and integrity of energy measurement
systems

The benefits of using DLMS energy meters are numerous and varied. above all, the accurate
and real-time data provided by these meters allows consumers to actively monitor their energy
consumption. This empowers individuals and organizations to identify energy-intensive
activities, recognize wasteful practices, and take proactive measures to reduce energy usage,
helping them achieve significant cost savings. Moreover, DLMS energy meters play a crucial
role in promoting energy conservation and environmental sustainability. By continuously
monitoring energy consumption patterns, individuals and organizations can identify
opportunities for energy-saving initiatives such as replacing outdated equipment or
implementing energy-efficient practices.
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From the perspective of a utility provider, DLMS Energy Meters allow for accurate billing
based on actual energy usage. This eliminates estimation errors and enhances transparency in
energy measurement, thereby building trust between consumers and providers. The ability of
DLMS energy meters to transmit data to utility providers remotely streamlines the meter
reading process, reduces operational costs, and minimizes errors.

In conclusion, DLMS energy meters have revolutionized the measurement and management of
energy by providing accurate, reliable, and efficient data collection. These smart devices enable
real-time monitoring of energy consumption, facilitate integration with other smart devices,
ensure data security, and offer numerous benefits to both consumers and utility providers.
DLMS Energy Meters have become an integral component of building sustainable and resilient
energy systems, contributing to a greener and more energy-efficient future.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
Energy meter is basically an assembly of electrical and mechanical components. the design of
energy meter depends upon which rating of current and voltage upon meter has to work. The
components like potential coils and current coils are to be designed in accordance with
customer's requirements other components like magnets. terminals, disc and reading
registration mechanism arc to be designed accordingly. All these components fixed in housing
and connection to be made as per circuit designed. Every step needs to be checked. electrical
parameters before sub assembly. Complete assembly put on testing bench for final testing to
set accuracy of the meter. This testing bench is an important equipment fully computerized. In
this bench we have to set power factor frequency, current ratings and speed of rotating disc.

ENERGY METER TESTING

WORK INSTRUCTION FOR CALIBRATING -2+I

I. METER WADING
2. NEUTRAL CHIP TO BE GIVEN
3. 4 PIN SOCKET TO BE CONNECTED
4. SETTING THE SCANNER
5. POWER SOURCE ON & CHECK THE CURRENT FOR PULSE OUTPUT IN PHASE
AND NEUTRAL

START CALIBRATING USING PC SYSTEM

A. MEMORY CLF-ARLNG
B. DATE & TLME SETTING
C. PHASE VOLTAGE 240 V
D. PHASE CURRENT 5A
C. PHASE K WITH UPF AND 0.5 LAG
G. VISUAL CHECK OF DISPLAY
H. PUT OK STICKER AND UNLOADING
I. TICK MARK IN STICKER
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3.

The switch whose contacts open in the air and

quenching of an arc achieves by compressed air, such
type of switch is called an air break switch.The air acts
as a dielectric medium for the air-break switch. It is
more effective and reliable as compared to another
switch..The air break switch is operated manually
when their handle is placed on a ground level.
The air break switches install in outdoor and mainly
use for switching and isolation. The air break switch
is mostly installed in the distribution network as a
switching point. It interrupts the small excitation
current of a transmission line or the capacitive
charging current. The maximum voltage for the
switches is up to 35kV. The air-break switches are classified into two types. They are Single-
Pole Air-Break Switch and the Gang Operated Air-Break Switch.
Single pole air-break switch uses for the opening of only one conductor. And for the opening
of more than one conductor at a time gang operated air break switch is used. The switches
which opened together are called the gang switches. The air-break switches are installed in two
ways, i.e., either horizontally or vertically and it is placed on the pole top or in pad mounted
metal enclosure.

Working and Construction of an Air-Break Switch

The air-break switch has both the blade and the contact furnished with arcing horns. Arcing
horn is the type of metal between which the arc induces due to interrupt current. When the
switch is open, the arc spreads farther
and farther apart, and the arc lengthens
until it finally breaks.
Air break switches are of several
designs. Some switches operate from
the ground by a holder on the end of an
insulated stick; some others are
through a system of linkages and opens
by a crank at the foot of the pole.
When more than one conductor open,
there may be several switches arrange
on the same pole. They may be opened
singly or all together in a group. Some
switches are mounted so that the blade
opens downwards and these may be
provided with latches to keep the knife
blades from jarring open.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEST

The A.B. switches shall be subjected to the following type tests in accordance with

i. Tests to prove that the temperature rise of any parts does not exceed the values specified in
part-2 of this standard
ii. Tests to prove the capability of the switch to carry the rated and the rated short time current.
peak withstand current Tests to verify the insulation level.
iv. Including withstand tests at power frequency voltages on auxiliary equipment
V. Tests to prove satisfactory operation and mechanical endurance
vi. The type test certificate should not be more than 5 years old as on due date of opening of
tender

ROUTINE TEST:
The following routine test as outlined in be carried out by the manufacturer on each unit to
check certain essential requirements.
i. Visual inspection
ii. Checking of dimensions.
3Power frequency voltage dry test
iv. Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit.
V. Test to prove satisfactory operation
vi. Galvanizing test.
vii. Temperature rise test

The basic designs of polymer insulators evolve around three essential

components. These are, a core, a sheath or weather sheds and metal
end fittings. The end fittings are attached to the core in various ways
to develop the required mechanical strength for the intended
application. The core consists of axially aligned glass fibers bounded
together by means of an organic resin. The unprotected core with end
fittings by itself is not suitable for outdoor high voltage application,
as moisture, ultraviolet rays, contamination, acid, rain, ozone and
voltage are conducive to the degradation of the core material and
leading to electrical and mechanical failure. Hence, a protective
sheath or weather sheds made from various polymer materials that
have been compounded for outdoor electrical applications are
applied over the core in various ways to protect the core and to
provide maximum electrical insulation between the attachment ends.
It is quite clear that with such a diversity of possible constructions,
the performance of polymer insulators depends on the selection of
materials and on the design and construction of the insulators.
 14

a vehicle tracking system is the system that allows tracking and controlling of vehicles via an
online computer, smart phone, tablet, etc. on a 24/7 basis thanks to GPS satellites. Vehicle
tracking systems make it possible to have an instantaneous and history tracking of vehicle
speeds, the routes they followed, stopping points, idling times on maps providing a registry and
check point with past and present reports.
Basically, the vehicle tracking systems work in a loop of GPS,
GSM/GPRS, digital maps and special software. Mobile data devices mounted on vehicles
transmit two pieces of information they get from satellites – real-time when the satellite
information was transmitted and position of the satellite in orbit at the time of transmission -
and transmit telemetric information such as temperature to control and communication centers
via the GSM/GPRS network. Information received as such are then compiled thanks to special
software and recorded in a databank on servers. On the user side, vehicles can be tracked on
their instantaneous and history records via a computer or a smartphone/tablet by using special
software making it possible to visualize all information from vehicles, and to modify alarms
and program statuses of vehicles. This structure forms the basis for functioning of the vehicle
tracking systems.

The first model of VTS developed by UEIL was in 2018 which was named as phoenix 140
which was solely working on GPS Technology. The second one which was more advanced
than the first one was developed and named as UN1- 140, which supports ISRO's IRNSS
Technology and was launched in 2020.

Both the devices arc conforming to the technical requirements of AS1 140 standard and both
devices have been successfully tested and approved by ICAT and CDAC and is currently being
developed in public vehicles in Kerala under the initiative of KMVD. A Vehicle Tracking
System (VTS) helps to track, collect, and control vehicle locations with GPS-enabled
technology. It uses a mobile application and can identify vehicle location history, route,
stoppages, idle time, checkpoints, etc. EFKON India's VTS is a GPS-enabled device that
gathers information about the vehicle location, records the vehicle's position at regular
intervals, and transfers the data to a centralized location. The data captured at the central
location can be monitored to know the exact location at the given time and route followed by
the vehicle.
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5. LED STREETLIGHTS
Energy efficient LED streetlights for Public places illumination are
produced in United Electrical Industries. This includes High mast, Mini
mast, and Low mast streetlight installation.

An LED street light is an integrated light that uses light emitting diodes
(LED) as its light source. These are considered integrated lights because,
in most cases, the luminaire and the fixture are not separate parts. In
manufacturing, the LED light cluster is sealed on a panel and then
assembled to the LED panel with a heat sink to become an integrated
lighting fixture.
Different designs have been created that incorporate various types of LEDs
into a light fixture. Either few high-power LEDs or many low-power LEDs
may be used. The shape of the LED street light depends on several factors,
including LED configuration, the heat sink used with the LEDs and
aesthetic design preference.
Heat sinks for LED street lights are similar in design to heat sinks used to
cool other electronics such as computers. Heat sinks tend to have as many
grooves as possible to facilitate the flow of hot air away from the LEDs.
The area of heat exchange directly affects the lifespan of the LED street
light.
The lifespan of an LED street light is determined by its light output compared to its original
design specification. Once its brightness decreases by 30 percent, an LED street light is
considered to be at the end of its life.
Most LED street lights have a lens on the LED panel, which is designed to cast its light in a
rectangular pattern, an advantage compared to traditional street lights, which typically have a
reflector on the back side of a high-pressure sodium lamp. In this case, much of the luminance
of the light is lost and produces light pollution in the air and surrounding environment.
A drawback of LED focus panels is that most light is directed to the road, and less light to the
footpaths and other areas. This can be addressed by the use of specialized lens design and
adjustable mounting spigots.
In performing a LED street lighting project, easy LED luminary models simplify the
optimization for high-performance illumination designs.[1] These practical equations may be
used to optimize LED street lighting installations in order to minimize light pollution, increase
comfort and visibility, and maximize both illumination uniformity and light utilization
efficiency.
Main Peculiarities:
• Standard photometric distribution
• High Lumens/Watt
• Surge/Lightning protection
• Aluminium pressure die cast body
• LM 80 certified LED
• High power factor (>0.9)
• Operates at 110-250V AC
• Available in ranges - 18W, 24W, 35W, 45W, 100W, 150W, 200W
TESTING
 16

• Electrical continuity test: This test is carried out to ensure that there is a proper connection
between the various components of the street light system, including the cables, conductors,
and earth connections.
• Insulation resistance test: This test is carried out to check the insulation resistance between
the various components of the street light system It ensures that the system is safe to operate
and that there is no risk of electrical shock.
• Voltage drop test: This test is carried out to check the voltage drop across the cables and
connections in the street light system. It ensures that the voltage levels are within the
recommended range and that the system is functioning efficiently.
• Lux level test: This test is carried out to check the lighting levels on the road surface. It
ensures that the street light is providing adequate illumination to ensure the safety of
pedestrians and motorists.
• Timer test: This test is carried out to ensure that the timer on the street light is functioning
correctly. It ensures that the street light is turning on and off at the right times.
These are some of the tests that need to be carried out before commissioning a street light.

Small, compact, design, light in weight. light in weight high

quality material for durability.
Interchangeable spare parts for easy maintenance. High
sensitivity, low pressure loss.
Vacuum sealed register for clear reading in long run.
Working pressure:1.6Mpa, Maximum test pressure:2.0Mpa
Installed in Company permises. These Water Meters are
purely based on ultrasound technology.
 17

As an intern, though I had a limited space to work, I still managed to grab plentiful of
experiences .I made the best of every opportunity I was given and made the utmost use of my
knowledge to full fill all my responsibilities . I could implement my academic skills into
practise and my efforts were highly acknowledged. There is however some gap between our
theoretical knowledge and real life practice, yet the managerial level staff members are quite
open towards upgrading current approach, which was extremely motivating. Hence, I can sum
up by saying that my internship experience was a milestone to my academic and professional
experience .I thoroughly enjoyed the challenges that came along every single day. I could also
bring some minor improvisations during my internship which were able to leave there marks.
These lessons that I have learned will be a valuable one for my future endeavours as well.