UMBLED
J ORDS
W
COH ERENCE IN
SPEECH
OBJECTIVES:
a. explain the importance of coherence in
speaking;
b. determine the grammatical devices
used to achieve coherence; and
c. compose and record your own
coherent speech.
HAVE YOU EVER LISTENED TO SOMEONE WHO
JUMPED FROM ONE IDEA TO ANOTHER WITHOUT
CLEAR CONNECTIONS?
HOW DID IT MAKE YOU FEEL?
WHAT IS
COHERENCE?
Coherence is the logical bridge
between words, sentences, and
paragraph
ACHIEVED THROUGH:
Transitional Words
Repetition
Correct Pronouns
Synonyms
USING
TRANSITIONAL
DEVICES
A transitional device is a word or phrase
used to link ideas, sentences, or
paragraphs, ensuring a smooth flow and
coherence in writing.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
USED TO ADD:
and equally important
again finally
and then further
besides furthermore
USED TO ADD:
nor what's more
too moreover
next in addition
lastly first (second, etc.)
EXAMPLES:
•Texting while driving is dangerous;
moreover, it is illegal in some cities.
EXAMPLES:
•She didn't finish her homework,
nor did she clean her room.
USED TO ADD
TOCOMPARE
whereas however
but nevertheless
yet on the contrary
on the other hand by comparison
USED TO ADD
TOCOMPARE
where vis a vis
compared to but
up against although
balanced against conversely
USED TO ADD
TOCOMPARE
meanwhile
after all
in contrast
although this may be true
EXAMPLES:
Your idea is brilliant;
however, it is not applicable
to our current situation.
EXAMPLES:
I am glad you bought me this nice dress.
On the other hand, it would have been
better if you saved your money for the
rainy days.
USED TO PROVE:
because obviously
for evidently
since furthermore
for the same reason moreover
USED TO PROVE:
besides in any case
indeed that is
in fact
in addition
EXAMPLES:
I personally checked to make sure
the apartment previously occupied
by a couple was indeed vacant.
EXAMPLES:
The number of Covid-19
cases is, in fact, increasing.
USED TO SHOW
EXCEPTION:
yet
despite
still
of course
however
once in awhile
nevertheless
sometimes
in spite of
EXAMPLES:
She remains hopeful despite
all her problems.
EXAMPLES:
Tony drinks a little too much once
in a while.
USED TO REPEAT:
in brief
as I have said
as I have noted
as has been noted
EXAMPLES:
As I have said, you need to read
and understand the questions
before answering them.
EXAMPLES:
As has been noted, modules are to
be kept clean until the end of the
semester.
USED TO EMPHASIZED:
definitely indeed
extremely in any case
obviously absolutely
in fact positively
USED TO EMPHASIZED:
naturally perennially
surprisingly eternally
always never
forever emphatically
USED TO EMPHASIZED:
unquestionably
without a doubt
certainly
undeniably
without reservation
EXAMPLES:
Our program was definitely a
success.
EXAMPLES:
Without a doubt, the
performance of Roxanne
was the best.
USED TO SHOW
SEQUENCE:
first A
second B
third C
AND SO FORTH
USED TO SHOW
SEQUENCE:
next now
then at this point
following this after
at this time afterward
USED TO SHOW
SEQUENCE:
subsequently before this
finally simultaneously
consequently concurrently
previously thus
USED TO SHOW
SEQUENCE:
therefore and then
hence soon
next
EXAMPLES:
At this time, we are now going to
witness the symbolic cutting of
the wedding cake.
EXAMPLES:
First, the customer needs to fill-out the form.
Next, he needs to pay at the cashier and wait for
a confirmation message that his transaction
was, indeed, successful.
USED TO GIVE AN
EXAMPLE:
for example on this occasion
for instance in this situation
in this case take the case of
in another case to demonstrate
USED TO GIVE AN
EXAMPLE:
to illustrate
as an illustration
to illustrate
EXAMPLES:
Sheila and Mike have so much in common.
For instance, they both have the same
passion and educational backgrounds.
EXAMPLES:
To demonstrate, here is how to
make a castle out of eggshells.
USED TO SHOW TIME:
immediately finally
thereafter then
soon later
after a few hours previously
USED TO SHOW TIME:
formerly
first (second, etc.)
next
and then
EXAMPLES:
The visitors will
arrive very soon.
EXAMPLES:
Henry checked the house,
previously owned by his boss.
USED TO SUMMARIZE:
in brief in conclusion
on the whole as I have shown
summing up as I have said
to conclude hence
USED TO SUMMARIZE:
therefore
as a result
accordingly
consequently
thus
EXAMPLES:
Jean is crying; therefore, she must
be hurting.
EXAMPLES:
On the whole, they did a
great job!
REPEATING
KEY WORDS
EXAMPLES:
USING
CORRECT
PRONOUNS
•The pronoun must agree to the
noun or another pronoun that
precedes or comes before it in
gender and number.
•For example, when the gender of the
noun that comes before it is
masculine, the pronoun should also be
masculine, and if it is singular, the
pronoun should also be singular.
EXAMPLES:
a. John Carl visited his grandmother in the
province.
b. Sheila is washing her clothes, while Christ
is ironing his pants. They are both
responsible children.
USING
SYNONYMS
EXAMPLES:
USING
PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
Ideas are considered parallel when
they share a similar grammatical
structure, such as matching words,
phrases, or clauses.
This similarity helps listeners follow
the flow of ideas and understand their
connections, while also indicating that
the ideas are of equal importance.
EXAMPLES:
a. Usually, children spend their vacation
playing online games, swimming in pools,
chatting with friends, or camping in secluded
places.
b. Rebecca loves to cook, to dance, and to
paint.
CAN YOU HELP US?
ANSWER A QUESTION
TO SAVE SNOW WHITE!
WHAT IS
COHERENCE?
GIVE ATLEAST 5
CLASSIFICATION OF
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
COHERENCE CAN BE
ACHIEVED THROUGH
THE USE OF?
THANK YOU!
