Draft 173 – Final Exam Review Sheet

Final Exam - FORMAT IS SIMILAR TO WEEKLY QUIZZES BUT YOU ONLY GET ONE ATTEMPT and a 2 HOUR TIME LIMIT
Application problems will be very similar to the assignments we did – you will need to look at the drawing and formulate the
answer. All questions will be true/false

**Here is something to know – the steps for calculating a hole pattern or group of holes to see if they are in positional
tolerance. Be able to do this on a test and also identify this list of instructions as being correct. This is for RFS (no MMC
modifier in the feature control frame)
1. Measure the center axis location of the holes from the datums and get the X and Y dimensions.
2. Subtract the actual location from the true position location for X and Y.
3. Use a chart, app, or Pythagorean theorem to determine the amount of tolerance used for the hole.
4. If the amount of tolerance used is less than the allowed position tolerance from the feature control frame,
then the holes are in position.

** Know your 12 Geometric Characteristic Symbols – Be able to identify symbols such as

perpendicularity, position, flatness, …..

Study the GD&T Reference Guide/Chart from GD-Tbasics.com (from Canvas go to files/handouts):
Be able to list which geometric tolerances fit in which control category (form, orientation, location, runout, profile)
Know the shape of the tolerance zones for the geometric tolerances
Know which Geometric characteristics must reference a datum in the FCF
Know that runout, profile, circularity, cylindricity, concentricity, symmetry never can have MMC or LMC modifier in
FCF. They are always RFS.

What 3 things can override rule #1 on a feature of size?

1. Flatness tolerance on the size dimension of a flat feature of size
2 Straightness on a size dimension of a round feature of size
2. Use Independency symbol on size dimension (not in a feature control frame)
Know the following modifers and what they can do: M, L, P, I, T,

Know main definitions of key terms such as (but not limited to): true position, true profile, the definitions of each geometric
tolerance, feature control frame , …

Know the difference between feature of size and a surface feature

Know the 12 Geometric Tolerance symbols

Review what the MMC size of a internal and external feature of size is

Review worst-case inner and outer boundary and virtual condition

We have studied ASME Y14.5-2018 in this class !

Form Controls general items

Know what the 4 geometric characteristics are – straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity
No Datum in FCF
Applied to a single surface or feature of size
Flatness
Tolerance zone is area between 2 parallel planes
Can override rule #1 if put on the size dimension of the feature = part may deviate out of the rule #1 size boundary
If put on the surface, it is a refinement of the form limits associated with the rule#1 size. Tolerance zone must be
smaller than size limits. Part must stay in within size limit boundary
Straightness
 If put on a surface, tolerance zone is area between two parallel lines. It is also a refinement of the rule #1 form
associated with the size of the feature. Tolerance value must be less than size limits.
If put on the size dimension of a cylinder, then tolerance zone is a cylinder (use dia. Symbol in FCF) and rule #1 is
overridden. Part can bend or deviate out of MMC size boundary.
Circularity – cross sections only
Apply to the surface, not feature size dimension.
Tolerance zone is space between 2 coaxial circles
Use to refine rule #1 form- tolerance tighter than the size limits
Do not use dia symbol in FCF
Cylindricity – applies to entire surface of feature
Apply to the surface, not the feature’s size dimension
Tolerance zone is space between two coaxial cylinders
Can control taper, bowing, waisting.
Use to refine rule #1 form – tolerance should be tighter than the size limits
Orientation controls general items
Parallelism, Perpendicularity, Angularity – Know the symbol and definition
Apply to individual feature
Tol. zone shapes are space between 2 parallel planes, between 2 parallel lines or a cylinder
Always use Datum Reference in FCF – must reference the primary datum
Can use MMC, LMC, Tangent plane, Projected tol zone in FCF frame
Indirectly controls form
Must be a refinement of other geometric tolerances that affect orientation
Position General Items
Only for features of size, not for complex surfaces
True position – exact location defined by basic dimensions
Tolerance zone – space between 2 parallel planes or space within a cylinder
Must use Datum references unless stating that features are coaxial features of size
Must use basic dimensions when dimensions are used
Can use MMC or LMC modifier if function of part allows for it.
Can use bi-directional tolerancing to locate slots or elongated holes
Orientation is controlled relative to the primary datum reference in FCF
Can be used to:
Locate a feature
Locate distances between features of size
Locate a pattern of features
Establish co-axiality
Show symmetrical relationship
Know how projected tolerance zone works
Be able to position a pattern of holes and refine the tolerance between the holes in the pattern
Zero tolerance at MMC – what it is, how it works, VC is the same as with regular use of MMC with a tolerance.
Benefit – allows manufacturer more flexibility and possibly could lower cost and save rejected parts
Fix fasteners and floating fasteners – do not need to memorize the formula. Formulas use MMC size for fastener
and the MMC size for the hole
Know how composite position tolerance works and why to use it

Profile Tolerances
Most versatile geometric characteristic tolerance.
May use 0-3 datums – no datum referenced = controls form only.
Tolerance is centered along the true profile as the default. See page 361 for how to designated uneven or unilateral
tolerance zones
Profile of line is local to one cross=section of the surface only
Profile of surface is over the entire surface of all the features designated
Leader pointing to one feature means FCF only controls only that one feature
Can use between symbol, all around, all over, and #X or # places to apply the FCF to multiple
surfaces together
Know that feature control frames are on drawings to specify geometric tolerances

Runout
It is a surface tolerance – limits the high and low point deviations of a surface of revolution. Tolerance zone is not
the axis of rotation, it is the on the surface of the part
Runout is always RFS – cannot use MMC or LMC modifiers
Circular runout is local to one area of measurement.
Total Runout is for the entire surface. – Can control taper with this
Can be used to check the surface of revolution or perpendicular to the axis of rotation
3 ways to establish a datum – know them
Can use to control multiple characteristics (form, orientation, location)
Must use datum reference

Datums
Know what symbol looks like for datum reference, datum targets (line, area, point)
Does the datum reference indicate a surface plane or center plane or center axis? Depends on where the foot of the
datum symbol is placed. Inline or on a size dimension means datum is the center plane or axis. If placed on a surface or
extension line or feature control frame on a surface or extensions line, then datum is the surface plane.
Know what the datum target symbol looks like and what goes inside the top and bottom halves of the symbol.
Know the difference between datum target point, line and area and how they are shown on a drawing.