Revision Notes
Electricity
Electric Potential
The electric potential at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done in
moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
Potential Difference
The potential difference between two points in electric circuit is defined as he amount
of work done in moving a unit charge from one point o other point
𝑾
𝑽=
𝑸
S.I unit of potential difference is Volt
The potential difference is measured by an instrument called Voltmeter.
The voltmeter is always connected in parallel.
The voltmeter has a high resistance
Electric Current
The rate of flow of electric charge in a conductor is known as Electric Current.
𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒃
𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 =
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝑸
𝐈=
𝒕
S.I. unit of current is Ampere.
Current is measured by an instrument known as Ammeter.
The Ammeter is always connected in series.
An Ammeter should have very low resistance.
Ohm’s Law
At constant temperature the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across it ends.
𝐈𝛂𝐕
𝐕𝛂𝐈
V = RI
𝑽
𝐑=
𝑰
𝑽
𝐈=
𝑹
The current is directly proportional to Potential Difference and inversely proportional to
Resistance.
Resistance of a Conductor
The property of conductor due to which it oppose the flow of current through it, is
called Resistance.
𝑽
𝐑=
𝑰
NOTE: - The resistance of the conductor depends on the length, thickness,
nature of material and temperature of conductor.
Graph Between V (Potential Difference) and I (Current)
Good Conductors, Resistors and Insulators
Those substances which have very low electrical resistance are called good
conductors.
Those substances which have comparatively high electrical resistance are called
Resistors.
Those substances which have high infinity high electrical resistance are called
insulators.
Resistivity
Resistivity has been found by experiment that the resistance of a given conductor is
directly proportional to length.
𝐑 𝛂 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
