Friction and Coefficients of Friction
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Friction and Coefficients of Friction
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Friction theory and coefficients of friction for some common materials and materials Home combinations Acoustics Air Psychrometrics PrinterFriendly Sponsored Links Basics ToolBox ShortList Combustion Add this Page! Dynamics Economics Link to this Page! Electrical Environment BookMarkThe Engineering ToolBox! Fluid Mechanics Gas and Compressed
Air Frictional force can be expressed as Ff = N where Ff = frictional force (N, lb) = static (s) or kinetic (k) frictional coefficient N = normal force (N, lb) (1) BookMark this Page!
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For an object pulled or pushed horizontally, the normal force - N - is simply the weight: N=mg (2)
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where m = mass of the object (kg, slugs)
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g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2, 32 ft/s2)
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Frictional Coefficients for some Common Materials and Materials Combinations
Static Frictional Coefficient - s Materials and Material Combinations Aluminum Aluminum-bronze Aluminum Brake material Brake material Brass Brass Brick Bronze Aluminum Steel Mild Steel Cast iron Cast iron (wet) Steel Cast Iron Wood Steel Cast Iron Steel Cadmium Chromium Mild Steel Cast Iron Oak Mild Steel Clean and Dry Surfaces 1.05 - 1.35 0.45 0.61 0.4 0.2 0.35 0.31) 0.6 0.16 0.221) 0.5 0.41 0.461) 1.1, 0.151) 0.49
1) 1)
0
i j k l m n j k l m n
o o
Lubricated and Greasy Surfaces 0.3
C F
Convert !
Length
0.19
1
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n
m km in ft yards miles
Bronze Bronze - sintered Cadmium Cadmium Cadmium Cast Iron Cast Iron Cast iron
0.13 0.05 0.34 0.071) 0.0751 0.21, 0.1331)
nautical miles
Convert !
0.4, 0.23
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Friction and Coefficients of Friction
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Volume
1
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n
m3 liters in
3
Carbon (hard) Carbon Chromium Copper-Lead alloy Copper Copper Copper Diamond Diamond Glass Glass Glass Graphite Graphite Graphite Ice Iron Lead Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather fiber Leather fiber Magnesium Nickel Nickel Nylon Oak Oak Paper Phosphor-bronze Platinum Plexiglas Plexiglas Polystyrene Polystyrene Polythene Polystyrene Rubber Rubber Rubber
Carbon Steel Chromium Steel Copper Cast Iron Mild Steel Diamond Metal Glass Metal Nickel Steel Graphite (in vacuum) Graphite Wood Iron Cast Iron Oak Metal Wood Clean Metal Cast iron Aluminum Magnesium Nickel Mild Steel Nylon Oak (parallel grain) Oak (cross grain) Cast Iron Steel Platinum Plexiglas Steel Polystyrene Steel Steel Polystyrene Cardboard Dry Asphalt Wet Asphalt Dry Concrete Wet Concrete Silver Sapphire Silver Steel Cast Iron Aluminum Cast Iron Aluminum Teflon Steel Steel Tungsten Carbide Copper Iron Teflon Cast Iron Road, dry Road, wet
0.16 0.14 0.41 0.22 1 1.05, 0.291) 0.53, 0.361) 0.1 0.1 - 0.15 0.9 - 1.0, 0.41) 0.5 - 0.7 0.78 0.1 0.5 - 0.8 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.431) 0.61, 0521 0.4 0.3 - 0.4 0.6 0.31 0.30 0.6 0.7 - 1.1, 0.531) 0.641) 0.15 - 0.25 0.62, 0.481) 0.54, 0.321 0.20 0.35 1.2 0.8 0.4-0.5 0.5 0.3-0.35 0.2 0.5 0.5 - 0.8 0.9 (0.5 - 0.8)1) 0.25 - 0.751) 0.6 - 0.851) 0.45 - 0.751) 1.4 0.2 1.4 0.8 0.26 0.27 0.15 0.18 0.04 0.04 0.4-0.6 0.2 - 0.25 0.35 0.8 0.04 0.321) 1 0.2
0.12 - 0.14 0.11 - 0.14 0.34 0.08 0.181) 0.05 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.6, 0.09-0.121) 0.2 - 0.3 0.56 0.1 0.1 0.15 - 0.20
ft3 us gal
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Velocity
1
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n
m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph knots
Convert !
Pressure
0.2
1
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n
Pa (N/m2) bar mm H2O kg/cm2 psi inches H2O
0.08 0.28, 0.121) 0.1781)
Convert !
Flow
1
i j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n j k l m n
m3/s m3/h US gpm cfm
0.0721
Convert !
Unit Converter Scientific
0.25 0.8 0.4 - 0.5 0.5 0.3 - 0.35 0.2 0.5
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Rubber Rubber Silver Sapphire Silver Steel Straw Fiber Straw Fiber Tarred fiber Tarred fiber Teflon Teflon Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide Teflon Tin Tire, dry Tire, wet
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0.55 0.2 0.55 0.16
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0.04, 0.041) 0.04 0.1 - 0.2 0.12
0.04
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Friction and Coefficients of Friction
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Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood - waxed Zinc Zinc
1)
Clean Wood Wet Wood Clean Metal Wet Metals Concrete Brick Wet snow Dry snow Cast Iron Zinc
0.25 - 0.5 0.2 0.2 - 0.6 0.2 0.62 0.6 0.14, 0.11) 0.041) 0.85, 0.211) 0.6 0.04
Kinetic or sliding frictional coefficient - holds only when there is a relative motion between the surfaces; otherwise they are somewhat higher
Kinetic versus Static Frictional Coefficients
Kinetic frictional coefficients are used with relative motion between objects. Static frictional coefficients are used for objects without relative motion. Static coefficients are somewhat higher than kinetic coefficients.
Example - Friction Force
The friction force of a 100 lb wooden crate pushed across a concrete floor with friction coefficient of 0.62 can be calculated as: Ff = 0.62 (100 lb) = 62 (lb)
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
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