Computer Notes
A barcode is a series of dark and palight parrallel lines of varying thickness
Number O to 9 are represted
• Each digit is the is represented by bar of Ito 4 blocks thick
Each digit is made up 2 dark lines & 2 light Imes.
27 Pg 89 steps
»pg 90 steps
QR code = quick response code mde of matrix filled in dark square on a light background QR
code Can hold more data
consists of 4296 characters
It has at the three large squares corner of the code for angle Like this
Use = advertise ment, acress web contact number, storing passes
🔳
Qr code VS barcode
Qr
They can hold much more info, higher capacity, buit in error check, easier to reed no need for
exp. tools to scan, eazy to transmist, can be encrypted
Barcode
More ther one format, Qr
can have embed Virus
New development
Frame arcode
Digital Cameras
1. Transition from Traditional Cameras:
Traditional cameras used film, which required:
Developing and printing to view images.
High operating costs since photos couldn't be deleted.
2. Modern Digital Cameras:
Digital cameras replaced film-based models.
Image transfer methods:
USB connection to a computer system.
Bluetooth for wireless file transfer.
3. Embedded System Features:
Automatically performs various tasks, including:
Shutter speed adjustment.
Automatic focusing.
Flash operation.
Aperture size adjustment.
Image size adjustment.
Red-eye removal after flash use.
4. Advantages:
Eliminates the need for physical film development.
Allows deletion of unwanted photographs.
Offers convenience and enhanced functionality.
Keyboard
1. Primary Use:
Most common data entry method for:
Computers, tablets, mobile phones, and other electronic devices.
2. Connection Methods:
USB connection for physical keyboards.
Wireless connection for modern setups.
Tablets and mobile phones often use virtual keyboards with touch screen technology.
3. Functionality:
Each character corresponds to an ASCII value.
Keypress is converted into a digital signal, interpreted by the computer.
4. Advantages:
Easiest method to enter text.
5. Disadvantages:
Relatively slow for data entry.
Error-prone.
Prolonged use can cause repetitive strain injury (RSI) in hands and wrists.
6. Solutions to RSI:
Ergonomic keyboards:
Keys arranged differently.
Provide better wrist and hand support.
7. Key Press Mechanism (Figure 3.25):
Membrane or circuit board under the keys detects the press.
Example: Pressing the 'H' key completes a circuit.
The CPU:
Identifies the keypress.
Refers to an index file to determine the character.
Microphone
1. Types of Microphones:
Built-in microphones (e.g., in computers, phones).
External microphones connected via:
USB ports or
Bluetooth connectivity.
2. Functionality:
Converts sound waves into an electric current for processing or storage.
Example: Data can be stored on CDs or computers.
3. How Microphones Work (Figure 3.26):
Sound waves: Air vibrations created by sound cause the diaphragm in the microphone to
vibrate.
Diaphragm and coil:
A copper coil connected to the diaphragm moves with the vibrations.
Movement causes the coil to cut through the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, generating
an electric current.
Output:
The electric current is analogue in nature.
It can be amplified or sent to a recording device.
4. Conversion to Digital:
The analogue signal is sent to a computer where:
A sound card converts the analogue signal to a digital signal using an Analogue to Digital
Converter (ADC).
Digital values are stored or manipulated using software.
5. Example (Figure 3.27):
The sound wave of the word "hut" is picked up by the microphone.
The ADC converts the analogue wave into digital values, which can then be:
Stored in the computer.
Processed or edited with appropriate software.
6. Applications:
Used for recording, communication, and audio processing.
