# [ Power BI Data Transformation ] [ cheatsheet ]

1. Data Import

● Import data from a CSV file: Csv.Document(File.Contents("C:\data.csv"))

● Import data from an Excel file:
Excel.Workbook(File.Contents("C:\data.xlsx"))
● Import data from a JSON file: Json.Document(File.Contents("C:\data.json"))
● Import data from a SQL Server database: Sql.Database("server",
"database", [Query="SELECT * FROM table"])
● Import data from a web API: Web.Contents("https://api.example.com/data")
● Import data from a folder: Folder.Files("C:\data")
● Import data from a SharePoint list:
SharePoint.Tables("https://contoso.sharepoint.com/sites/mysite",
"ListName")
● Import data from an OData feed:
OData.Feed("https://services.odata.org/V4/Northwind/Northwind.svc")
● Import data from an ODBC source: Odbc.Query("dsn=MyDSN", "SELECT * FROM
table")
● Import data from a text file:
Text.FromBinary(File.Contents("C:\data.txt"))

2. Data Cleansing

● Remove duplicate rows: Table.Distinct(table)

● Remove blank rows: Table.SelectRows(table, each not
List.IsEmpty(Record.FieldValues(_)))
● Replace null values with a specific value: Table.ReplaceValue(table, null,
0, Replacer.ReplaceValue, {"ColumnName"})
● Remove rows with errors: Table.RemoveRowsWithErrors(table)
● Fill down missing values: Table.FillDown(table, {"ColumnName"})
● Fill up missing values: Table.FillUp(table, {"ColumnName"})
● Trim whitespace from text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
Text.Trim, type text}})
● Clean text by removing non-printable characters:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", Text.Clean, type text}})
● Capitalize text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
Text.Proper, type text}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Lowercase text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", Text.Lower,
type text}})
● Uppercase text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", Text.Upper,
type text}})

3. Data Transformation

● Rename columns: Table.RenameColumns(table, {"OldColumnName",

"NewColumnName"})
● Reorder columns: Table.ReorderColumns(table, {"Column1", "Column2",
"Column3"})
● Remove columns: Table.RemoveColumns(table, {"ColumnName"})
● Filter rows based on a condition: Table.SelectRows(table, each
[ColumnName] > 10)
● Sort rows: Table.Sort(table, {{"ColumnName", Order.Ascending}})
● Group rows and aggregate: Table.Group(table, {"GroupColumnName"},
{{"AggregateColumnName", each List.Sum([ColumnName]), type number}})
● Pivot data: Table.Pivot(table, List.Distinct(table[PivotColumnName]),
"PivotColumnName", "ValueColumnName", List.Sum)
● Unpivot data: Table.UnpivotOtherColumns(table, {"ColumnName"},
"AttributeColumn", "ValueColumn")
● Transpose a table: Table.Transpose(table)
● Split a column by delimiter: Table.SplitColumn(table, "ColumnName",
Splitter.SplitTextByDelimiter(","), {"Column1", "Column2"})
● Merge columns: Table.CombineColumns(table, {"Column1", "Column2"},
Combiner.CombineTextByDelimiter(" "), "NewColumnName")
● Extract text before a delimiter: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.BeforeDelimiter(_, " "), type text}})
● Extract text after a delimiter: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.AfterDelimiter(_, " "), type text}})
● Extract text between delimiters: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.BetweenDelimiters(_, "{", "}"), type text}})
● Replace text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Text.Replace(_, "old", "new"), type text}})
● Add a custom column with a formula: Table.AddColumn(table,
"NewColumnName", each [Column1] + [Column2], type number)
● Add an index column: Table.AddIndexColumn(table, "IndexColumn", 1, 1)
● Duplicate a column: Table.DuplicateColumn(table, "ColumnName",
"NewColumnName")
● Merge queries: Table.NestedJoin(table1, {"JoinColumn"}, table2,
{"JoinColumn"}, "NewColumnName", JoinKind.LeftOuter)

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Append queries: Table.Combine({table1, table2})

4. Aggregation and Grouping

● Count rows: Table.RowCount(Table)

● Sum a column: List.Sum(Table[ColumnName])
● Average a column: List.Average(Table[ColumnName])
● Find the minimum value in a column: List.Min(Table[ColumnName])
● Find the maximum value in a column: List.Max(Table[ColumnName])
● Group by a column and count rows: Table.Group(Table, {"ColumnName"},
{{"Count", each Table.RowCount(_), type number}})
● Group by a column and sum values: Table.Group(Table, {"ColumnName"},
{{"Sum", each List.Sum([ColumnToSum]), type number}})
● Group by a column and average values: Table.Group(Table, {"ColumnName"},
{{"Average", each List.Average([ColumnToAverage]), type number}})
● Group by a column and find the minimum value: Table.Group(Table,
{"ColumnName"}, {{"Min", each List.Min([ColumnToMin]), type number}})
● Group by a column and find the maximum value: Table.Group(Table,
{"ColumnName"}, {{"Max", each List.Max([ColumnToMax]), type number}})

5. Filtering and Sorting

● Filter rows based on a condition: Table.SelectRows(Table, each

[ColumnName] > 10)
● Filter rows based on multiple conditions: Table.SelectRows(Table, each
[Column1] > 10 and [Column2] = "Value")
● Filter rows based on a list of values: Table.SelectRows(Table, each
List.Contains({"Value1", "Value2", "Value3"}, [ColumnName]))
● Filter rows based on a date range: Table.SelectRows(Table, each [Date] >=
#date(2022, 1, 1) and [Date] <= #date(2022, 12, 31))
● Sort a table by a column in ascending order: Table.Sort(Table,
{{"ColumnName", Order.Ascending}})
● Sort a table by a column in descending order: Table.Sort(Table,
{{"ColumnName", Order.Descending}})
● Sort a table by multiple columns: Table.Sort(Table, {{"Column1",
Order.Ascending}, {"Column2", Order.Descending}})

6. Joins and Merges

● Inner join two tables: Table.Join(Table1, "JoinColumn", Table2,

"JoinColumn", JoinKind.Inner)
● Left outer join two tables: Table.Join(Table1, "JoinColumn", Table2,
"JoinColumn", JoinKind.LeftOuter)
By: Waleed Mousa
 ● Right outer join two tables: Table.Join(Table1, "JoinColumn", Table2,
"JoinColumn", JoinKind.RightOuter)
● Full outer join two tables: Table.Join(Table1, "JoinColumn", Table2,
"JoinColumn", JoinKind.FullOuter)
● Cross join two tables: Table.CrossJoin(Table1, Table2)
● Merge queries: Table.NestedJoin(Table1, {"Key"}, Table2, {"ForeignKey"},
"NewColumn", JoinKind.LeftOuter)
● Append queries: Table.Combine({Table1, Table2})

7. Date and Time Transformations

● Extract year from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,

{{"DateColumn", Date.Year, Int64.Type}})
● Extract month from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.Month, Int64.Type}})
● Extract day from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.Day, Int64.Type}})
● Extract hour from a time column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"TimeColumn", Time.Hour, Int64.Type}})
● Extract minute from a time column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"TimeColumn", Time.Minute, Int64.Type}})
● Extract second from a time column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"TimeColumn", Time.Second, Int64.Type}})
● Extract day of week from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.DayOfWeek, Int64.Type}})
● Extract day of year from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.DayOfYear, Int64.Type}})
● Extract quarter from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.QuarterOfYear, Int64.Type}})
● Extract week of year from a date column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"DateColumn", Date.WeekOfYear, Int64.Type}})
● Add a specific number of days to a date column:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"DateColumn", each Date.AddDays(_, 7),
type date}})
● Add a specific number of months to a date column:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"DateColumn", each Date.AddMonths(_, 3),
type date}})
● Add a specific number of years to a date column:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"DateColumn", each Date.AddYears(_, 1),
type date}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Calculate the difference between two dates in days:
Table.AddColumn(table, "DaysDiff", each Duration.Days([EndDate] -
[StartDate]), type number)
● Calculate the difference between two times in hours:
Table.AddColumn(table, "HoursDiff", each Duration.Hours([EndTime] -
[StartTime]), type number)

8. Number Transformations

● Round numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each

Number.Round(_, 2), type number}})
● Truncate numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Number.Truncate(_), type number}})
● Ceiling numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Number.Ceiling(_), type number}})
● Floor numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Number.Floor(_), type number}})
● Absolute value of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
each Number.Abs(_), type number}})
● Negate numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Number.Negate(_), type number}})
● Calculate the square root of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Number.Sqrt(_), type number}})
● Calculate the logarithm of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Number.Log(_), type number}})
● Calculate the exponential of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Number.Exp(_), type number}})
● Calculate the modulo of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Number.Mod(_, 5), type number}})
● Calculate the factorial of numbers: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Number.Factorial(_), type number}})

9. Text Transformations

● Concatenate text columns: Table.AddColumn(table, "ConcatenatedColumn",

each [Column1] & " " & [Column2], type text)
● Extract length of text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
each Text.Length(_), type number}})
● Extract first N characters from text: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.Start(_, 5), type text}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Extract last N characters from text: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.End(_, 5), type text}})
● Reverse text: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Text.Reverse(_), type text}})
● Pad text with leading characters: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.PadStart(_, 10, "0"), type text}})
● Pad text with trailing characters: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.PadEnd(_, 10, "0"), type text}})
● Remove leading whitespace: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
each Text.TrimStart(_), type text}})
● Remove trailing whitespace: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName",
each Text.TrimEnd(_), type text}})
● Remove all whitespace: Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each
Text.Remove(_, " "), type text}})
● Replace text using a regular expression: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each Text.Replace(_, "[a-z]", "X"), type text}})

10. Conditional Transformations

● Add a conditional column: Table.AddColumn(table, "ConditionalColumn",

each if [Column1] > 10 then "High" else "Low", type text)
● Filter rows based on a complex condition: Table.SelectRows(table, each if
[Column1] > 10 and [Column2] = "A" then true else false)
● Apply a conditional formatting rule: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each if _ > 100 then "Green" else if _ > 50 then "Yellow"
else "Red", type text}})
● Pivot data based on a condition: Table.Pivot(table,
List.Distinct(table[PivotColumn]), "PivotColumn", "ValueColumn", each if
_ = null then 0 else _)
● Group rows based on a condition: Table.Group(table, {"GroupColumn"},
{{"Count", each Table.RowCount(_), type number}, {"Sum", each if
[ConditionColumn] = "A" then List.Sum([ValueColumn]) else 0, type
number}})

11. Advanced Transformations

● Create a custom function: (x) => x * 2

● Apply a custom function to a column: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each MyCustomFunction(_), type number}})

By: Waleed Mousa

 ● Apply a custom function to multiple columns:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"Column1", each MyCustomFunction(_), type
number}, {"Column2", each MyCustomFunction(_), type number}})
● Create a parameterized query: (parameter) => let Source =
Csv.Document(File.Contents("C:\data.csv"), [Delimiter=","]), FilteredRows
= Table.SelectRows(Source, each [ColumnName] = parameter) in FilteredRows
● Invoke a parameterized query: MyParameterizedQuery("ParameterValue")
● Create a function to merge multiple files: (folder) => let Source =
Folder.Files(folder), CombinedData = Table.Combine(Source[Content]) in
CombinedData
● Create a function to unpivot multiple columns: (table, columnsToUnpivot)
=> let UnpivotedTable = Table.UnpivotOtherColumns(table,
columnsToUnpivot, "Attribute", "Value") in UnpivotedTable

12. Error Handling

● Replace errors with a specific value: Table.ReplaceErrorValues(table,

{{"ColumnName", "DefaultValue"}})
● Remove rows with errors: Table.RemoveRowsWithErrors(table)
● Handle errors using a try-otherwise expression:
Table.TransformColumns(table, {{"ColumnName", each try _ otherwise
"Error", type text}})
● Handle missing or null values: Table.TransformColumns(table,
{{"ColumnName", each if _ = null then 0 else _, type number}})

13. Data Profiling and Quality Assessment

● Count the number of rows: Table.RowCount(table)

● Count the number of distinct values in a column:
Table.RowCount(Table.Distinct(table[ColumnName]))
● Find the minimum value in a column: List.Min(table[ColumnName])
● Find the maximum value in a column: List.Max(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the average of a column: List.Average(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the sum of a column: List.Sum(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the standard deviation of a column:
Table.StandardDeviation(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the variance of a column: Table.Variance(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the median of a column: Table.Median(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the mode of a column: Table.Mode(table[ColumnName])
● Calculate the percentile of a column: Table.Percentile(table[ColumnName],
0.9)
By: Waleed Mousa