VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi – 590018

Project Report
on
“DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED
ELECTRIC VEHICLE”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
by
JESWIN BIJU 4JK19ME019
NITHIN P. 4JK19ME032
SHARVARI 4JK19ME045
Under the Guidance of
DR. SREEJITH B. K.
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

A.J INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
A Unit of Laxmi Memorial Education Trust ®
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Recognized by Govt.
of Karnataka)
Kottara Chowki, Mangaluru-575006,
Karnataka 2022-2023
 A.J INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
A Unit of Laxmi Memorial Education Trust ®
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Recognized by Govt.
of Karnataka)
Kottara Chowki, Mangaluru-575006,
Karnataka 2022-2023

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project work entitled “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR
POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE” carried out by JESWIN BIJU (4JK19ME019),
NITHIN P. (4JK19ME032), and SHARVARI (4JK19ME045), the bonafide students
of A.J. Institute of Engineering and Technology in partialfulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2022-2023. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project Work prescribed for the said
Degree.

Dr. Sreejith B. K. Dr. Rajesh Rai P. Dr. Shantharama Rai C.

Project Guide HOD, Department of Principal, AJIET
Mechanical Engineering

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.
 DECLARATION

We, 1)MISS. SHARVARI (4JK19ME045), 2)MR. JESWIN BIJU (4JK19ME019) 3)

MR. NITHIN P. (4JK19ME032), hereby declare that, this dissertation work entitled
“DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE” has
been carried out by us under the guidance of DR. SREEJITH B.K. Associate Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the
degree BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.

SHARVARI 4JK19ME045

JESWIN BIJU 4JK19ME019

NITHIN P. 4JK19ME032
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This is opportunity to express our heartfelt words for the people who were part of this project
in numerous ways, people who gave us unending support right from beginning of the project.
We have a great sense of pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude to our respected
President Dr. A. J. Shetty and respected Vice President Mr. Prashanth Shetty for having
provided us with great infrastructure and well-furnished labs.
We sincerely thank our Principal Dr. Shantharama Rai C. for his valuable support. We are
grateful to our project guide Dr. Sreejith B. K., Associate Professor for giving guidelines to
make the project successful.
We are grateful to the Head, Dr. Rajesh Rai P., Department of Mechanical Engineering for
his unfailing encouragement and suggestion given to us during the course of project work.
We are grateful to our project co-ordinator Mr. Harold Joyson D'souza, Assistant
Professor, for giving guidelines to make the project successful.
We are also thankful to all our faculty members for their support, cooperation, motivation,
and constant inspiration provided during the project work.
Lastly, we would like to thank the almighty and our parents for their moral support and our
friends with whom we shared our day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions
that improved our quality of work.

JESWIN BIJU 4JK19ME019

NITHIN P. 4JK19ME032
SHARVARI 4JK19ME045

I
 ABSTRACT
With the increased trends of industrialization and global economic growth leading to the
ever-changing petrol prices and other price hikes, private transport system has become a
costly affair. All these problems can be addressed with innovation. One of the most feasible
solutions is turning towards renewable energies to solve the issues i.e., increasing the use of
renewable energies like solar power in the place of fossil fuels. Everyone’s dream of owning
a commercially viable solar vehicle is slowly becoming a reality. Electric vehicles are now
available at an affordable price. This opportunity is taken towards the design of a Solar
powered Vehicle Designing a solar vehicle is a multidisciplinary subject that covers the
broad and complex aspects from various subjects. In this Vehicle, solar panel is used as the
power source and developed voltage, stored in the battery, is used to the drive the permanent
magnet DC motor which drives the rear wheel of the vehicle.

II
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................I

ABSTRACT ............................................................................... II

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................ III

LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................. IV

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………. 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………. 3

CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVES ……….………………………………. 7

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY …………………………………... 8

CHAPTER 5 RESULT …………………………..………………….. 50

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………… 52

REFERENCES………………………………………... 53

APPENDIX 1 Working……………………………………………….. 55

APPENDIX 2 TEAM MEMBERS………………………………………. 56

III
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

1.1 Flow chart 2

4.1 Dimensions from top view 8

4.2 Dimensions from topmost left view 8

4.3 Chassis from topmost view 9

4.4 Pipe specification 9

4.5 Properties 10

4.6 Simulation study 11

4.7 Simulation study 11

4.8 Front view 12

4.9 Top view 12

4.10 Top view 12

4.11 Front view 13

4.12 Side view 13

4.13 Applying pipe command 14

4.14 Properties of chassis 15

4.15 Final design 16

4.16 Insertion of square pipe Insertion of square pipe 17

4.17 Maximum and Minimum stress distribution along the 18

chassis

IV
4.18 Maximum Deformation of 0.9167mm 18

4.19 Maximum and Minimum stress distribution along the chassis 19

4.20 Displacement of 0.783mm is observed 19

4.21 Modified Structure of the base from the Top View 20

4.22 Leaf Spring suspension at the back bottom 20

4.23 Coil spring suspension at the front bottom 20

4.24 Maximum displacement of 0.3421 21

4.25 Maximum and minimum stress distribution along the chassis 21

4.26 Creating diagonal support at the corner edge of the chassis base 22

4.27 Selected Entities 25

4.28 Load of 200kg 25

4.29 Load on the top of the chassis 26

4.30 Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 36.92MPa 27

4.31 Deformation of 0.2428mm Obtained 28

4.32 Modified chassis dimension 30

4.33 Leaf spring suspension at both front and back bottom 31

4.34 Constraints applied at the front and back suspension support 34

4.35 Load of 500kg applied to the base of chassis 35

4.36 Load applied top of the chassis 36

V
4.37 10 kg load applied on the back side of the structure 37

4.38 Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 83.74 MPa 39

4.39 Displacement of 1.158mm Obtained 39

4.40 Safety Factor Obtained was 2.472 40

4.41 Front axle 41

4.42 Front Axle design 41

4.43 Pipe command inserted to the front axle design 42

4.44 Constraints applied 45

4.45 Load applied at both ends of the front axle 46

4.46 Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 2.36 MPa 48

4.47 Displacement of 1.418x10-4mm Obtained 49

4.48 Safety Factor Obtained was 15 49

VI
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The quests for an everlasting, safer, cleaner and an environmental-friendly fuel is never-ending. The
carbon-based fuels, like the fossil fuels that are widely used nowadays are unsustainable and unsafe.
They pose a serious threat to the environment. The best alternatives to these are renewable energy
sources like the sun, wind, tides, hydropower and biomass. Amongst these elements, solar power is
the most preferred since it could provide the cleanest sustainable energy for the longest duration of
time – at least for the following few billion years. Photovoltaic production doubles every two years
globally; it has increased by a mean of 48 percent annually ever since 2002. Thanks to its
innumerable benefits with regards to the environmental, economic and social aspects, PV systems
have become the world’s fastest-growing energy technology. It can be said that the sole limitation
to alternative energy as an energy source is our understanding of developing efficient and cost-
effective technology which must be used for the implementation. Nothing on this planet comes free
of cost, but what we could find the simplest way to implement free rides. Indeed it'd be wonderful
if our two-wheelers could still run without us having to spend billions on fossil fuels each year and
to pander to natural hazards that their combustion leave behind. If we could drive a solar-powered
vehicle, that dream would come true.

A solar vehicle would harness energy from the sun via solar panels. A solar panel is nothing but a
packaged, and connected assembly of solar cells also called the photovoltaic cells which are the
solid-state devices that use quantum mechanical transitions to convert the available solar power
directly into the needed electric power. they're noise-free and pollution-free with no rotating parts
and requiring minimum maintenance. The electricity thus generated is used to run the vehicle’s
motor by storing it in the battery. Thus, we get a vehicle driven electrically which travels on “free”
energy with no harmful emissions, which could utilize its full power at all speeds and would have
extremely little maintenance costs. The planet Earth has awfully limited amount of energy resources
which would soon become extinct. Fortunately, population models have suggested that the world's
population will level out at two to three times the current numbers over the subsequent hundred
years. The demands of the population increase as the total population count increases. The lingering
question is whether the earth's resources will be sufficient to sustain the earth’s population with a
high standard of living for all. Energy is the key issue in this.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 1

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Now-a-days, people dealing with natural resources like fuel, coal etc. face a tough time to stay at
pace with the increasing demand. At one hand, there are more cars and motor vehicles, dominating
the transport medium, while on the opposite hand these vehicles are being dominated by the fuel.
As a result, the limited resources are being quashed by the producers and dealers to satisfy this need
which is leading us to an uncertain future with the scarcity of fuel and minerals. So, it's clear that
present trends in energy consumption, especially oil, can't be sustained for much longer. Also, these
are the most contributing factors for global warming, environmental imbalances, depletion of the
ozone layer, etc., which eventually challenges the survival of humans. The fossil fuels also play the
antagonist role with regards to global warming. Therefore, under this circumstance, it's quite
necessary to create a brand-new exploration of natural resources of energy and power.

The question now is the need for exploration when the resources are right in front of our eyes. They
are effective, less costly and specially, they are an endless source of energy. With greatly improved
energy efficiency, a transition to the present energy-based economy capable of sustaining the
anticipated growth within the world economy is feasible. This effective source is ―Solar Energy.
This work focuses on designing a solar powered vehicle aiming to tackle the issues that are related
to pollution and shortage of fuel. When a solar powered vehicle is considered, it removes the burden
of vehicle maintenance of the shoulders while ensuring both the safety and comfort for drivers as
well as passengers Delhi, the capital city of India is one of the most heavily polluted cities in India.
Recent study shows that pollution caused by the road dust and vehicles account for about 50% of
total pollution of the city. Numerous solutions were proposed to face this which mainly includes
afforestation and restriction on the usage of the vehicles.

Fig. 1.1 Flow chart

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 2

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
I. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070 (2021) 012105 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012105 Arulious Jora A , Earlina D , Harish D , Sakthi
Priya P , Inba Rexy A , Nancy Mary J S
Design Of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle
In this Paper the presented results as well as the design for a solar powered vehicle makes
the usage of these vehicles feasible and practicable in developing countries. The solar
powered electric vehicle using a PMDC motor is a good choice for the Indian market. The
solar powered electric vehicle stands with higher safety, high performance as well as
remains cost efficient. Use of charge controller and speed controller in the vehicleimproves
the efficacy of power system. The presented eco-friendly solar powered electricvehicle can
be a good choice for future generations.
II. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:
2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 08 | Aug 2021Suraj Kumar1, Ravi Girgoswami2,
Abhishek Shukla3, Pranit Shinde4, Mr. N.T. Rathod5
Design And Analysis of Chassis For Electric Vehicle
• This document focuses on the design and analysis of the electric Eco-Drive chassis.
• The main goal is to use static and modal analysis to evaluate chassis deformation to
reduce weight and improve vehicle performance in challenging low energy races
• The 3D modelling and FE analysis of the chassis was done using Catia V5 software. The
main framework is the focus of this analysis.

III. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments ISSN: 1024-1752

CODEN: JERDFO Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 274-282 Published Year 2020.
Shiva Prasad U,Athota Rathan Babu , Bandu Sairaju, Saikrishna Amirishetty&
Deepak D.
Automotive Chassis Design Material Selection for Road and Race Vehicles
• This work is oriented towards analysis of a ladder chassis and space frame chassis design.
The analysis of the designed models involves the use of three different materials
• In this investigation two different conditions of vehicle loading are considered namely

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 3

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

un-laden (without passengers that is the KERB weight of the vehicle) condition and the
laden (with passengers and miscellaneous weight also called gross weight) condition

• Analysis had resulted with various variables of stress indicating the stress levels minimum
in unladen case as 3.00E-17 and maximum in laden case as 29.8662, in case of space frame
analysis the stress in minimum for steel with laden chassis as 0.001558 and maximum in
case of composite material as 7.8447.
• These results would be useful with in selection of material for automotive frames.

IV. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and

Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249
Suraj Aru, Pravin Jadhav , Vinay Jadhav, Akool Kumar & Pratim Angane
Design, Analysis and Optimization of A Multi-tubular Space Frame
• The following paper discusses the techniques to optimize the strength of the chassis. It will
cover the design constraints required by SAE, the material selection, initial design,
structural analysis and design modifications. It will finally cover the results of the actual
real world usage of the frame design.
• To have a better acceleration, it is always recommended to keep the mass of the vehicle as
low as possible.
• In race car vehicle dynamics, sprung mass plays an important role. So, it becomes the prime
task of the engineer to come up with a compromise between strength, reliability andweight
which have let them explore the field of optimization in more detail.

V. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-

3878, Volume-7 Issue-4S, November 2018
Sasikumar C, Aswath C, Surendrakumar K, Suryaprakash A.
Design and Fabrication of a Solar Car
• The primary goal of this venture was to structure and create the Electric Solar Vehicle
which is intended for single seated vehicle fuelled by 2 kW BLDC centre engine (motor).
Electric sunoriented vehicle is fabricated to improve a safe and Eco-friendly transportation.
• Sun based vitality is being utilized to create power through daylight.
• The fundamental segment is to fabricate a sunlight based vehicle with a sun based board

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

4
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

solar panel and a battery to store the electrical itality. The sun based cells gather a bit of
the sun's vitality and store it into the batteries of the solar based vehicle. After the vitality
is stored in the batteries, it is accessible for use and the engine and controller is made to
drive the vehicle.

VI. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume

9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 94–100, Article ID: IJMET_09_03_011 Available online at
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 B.
Shanthini, S. Rajesh, R. Raja Guru, S.V. Rajesh Kannaa, B. Prasanthand:
Design And Analysis of A Two Seater Electric Car
• This paper describes the design, analysis and fabrication of a two seater electric car.
The problem to be dealt for this this work is to design and analysis of the chassis
frame using the software. The design modeling was prepared using Solid works and the
analysis is carried out using Ansys.
• The chassis frame is considered as an overhanging beam with supports corresponding
to front and rear wheels.
• The total load acting on the chassis is taken as the sum of the weight of the chassis frame,
weight of the persons and the other components. This total load is considered as
uniformly distributed load, its corresponding shear force and the bending moment
diagram are drawn. bending stress, shear stress and deflection is calculated.
VII. 2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science
H Radhwan1 , Z Shayfull, S M Nasir, Abdellah el-hadj Abdellah and A R Irfan
Design and Analysis of Solar Car Chassis
• This study will focus on design and analysis solar car chassis part. The primary challenge
in developing an effective solar car chassis is to maximize strength and safety while
minimizing the weight.
• However, safety is a primary concern and the chassis must meet stringent strength and
safety requirements.
• The purpose of the study is to understand the concept design of solar car chassis in terms
of calculation, material selection, chassis style selection and virtual analysis for chassis
using CATIA software.

v
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
5
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

VIII. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242

Volume 5 Issues 7 July 2016, Page No. 17333-17337
Pravin R.Ahire, Prof.K. H. Munde
Design and analysis of front axle for heavy commercial vehicle
• The paper deals with design and analysis of front axle
• Correlation between stress results from analytical calculation and from FEA assures that the
mesh size and modelling approach used for the component were well defined. Through which
they were able to deliver a safe and validate design to suit the requirements.

v
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
6
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVES

Ø The Main Objective is to Design and Analyze a Solar Powered Electric

Vehicle
• To Design the Appropriate chassis for Solar Powered Vehicle.
• To Analyze and Determine the Maximum Stress
• To Design and Analyze Front Axle

v
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
7
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN

v The planned Chassis Design was executed in CAD modelling software FUSION360
.

, Fig. 4.1: Dimensions from top view

Fig. 4.2: Dimensions from topmost left view

v The Pipe Command was Applied to the Sketch with Specific Properties like
CircularSection (25mm Dia) with Section Thickness of 2mm.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

8
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.3: Chassis from topmost view

v After Inserting Pipe Command Required Material was Selected Galvanized Steel was Selected
as Chassis Material. The Purpose of Choosing 1 inch GI Pipe was because it had lot of
Advantages like Cost Effectiveness Long Life Reliability and So on.

Fig. 4.4: Pipe specification

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

9
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.5: Properties

v Further Material Properties was Updated It was noted that The Overall Weight of Chassis was
Found to be 36kg.

Area=1.467×106mm2

Density=8×10-6 g / mm3

Mass=36.70kg

Volume=4.676×106 mm3

Physical Material-Steel

Appearance-Steel - Satin

Bounding Box

Length = 1925.40 mm

Width =1125.40 mm

Height =388.10 mm

Center of Mass=-160.712 mm, 0.00 mm, 73.313 mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

10
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

ANALYSIS

v Static analysis done by applying load of 100kg and the following results are obtain as shownin
below:

Fig. 4.6: Simulation study

Fig 4.7: Simulation study

v Due to the unsafe design structure the redesign of the tubular chassis is done as shown in below.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

11
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

REDESIGN
v The chassis design was first drawn in A4 sheet with required length, width and height.

Fig. 4.8: Front view Fig. 4.9: Top view

v Further the design was executed in Fusion 360 which is CAD modelling software with
specified dimensions.

Fig. 4.10: Top view

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

12
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.11: Front view

Fig. 4.12: Side view

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

13
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

v The Pipe Command was Applied to the Sketch with Specific Properties Specific
Properties like Circular Section (25mm Dia) with Section Thickness of 2mm.

Fig. 4.13: Applying Pipe command

v After Inserting Pipe Command Required Material was Selected. Galvanized Steel was
Selected as Chassis Material. The Purpose of Choosing 1 inch GI Pipe was because it had
lot of Advantages like Cost effectiveness Long Life Reliability and So on.

14
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.14: Properties of chassis

v The Final prototype was Obtained as Shown in Below Figure:

v It was noted that The Overall Weight of Chassis was Found to be 35.90kg

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 15

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.15: Final design

These Are the Specification Obtained for The Chassis Design

Area=4.664×106 mm2

Density=8×10-6 kg/ mm3

Mass=35.90 kg
Volume=4.572×106 mm3
Physical Material=Steel, Galvanized

Appearance=Steel - Galvanized (Small)

Bounding Box

Length = 2425.00 mm

Width = 1026.129 mm

Height= 1025.00 mm
Center of Mass=169.576 mm, 268.221 mm, -0.012 mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 16

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

INSERTION OF SQUARE PIPE

v Square pipe was re-inserted over tubular pipe. As square tube has more material per
equal diameter, and the four 90-degree corners are more resistant to torsion force. Also,
fabrication and application of reinforcing gussets, structures and brackets (which may
affect total strength) are usually easier for square tubes.

Fig 4.16: Insertion of square pipe

v Static analysis was done on the chassis by applying the constraints a load of 140 kg.
v It was observed that the maximum deformation of 0.9167mm was obtained with
maximum stress of 39.54Mpa
v This concluded that chassis design was safe.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 17

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.17: Maximum and Minimum stress distribution along the chassis

Fig 4.18: Maximum Deformation of 0.9167mm

v To decrease the weight further the Section thickness of the pipe was reduced to 1.5mm
from 2mm this reduced the Weight of the chassis as well as the deformation reduced
to 0.783mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 18

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig. 4.19: Maximum and Minimum stress distribution along the chassis

Fig 4.20: Deformation of 0.783mm is observed while deformation analysis

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 19

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

v As it was observed that the suspension mounts were unable to mount on the chassis
and in order to make the Chassis Stiffer and Increase the Load withstand Capacity
the section thickness of the base pipe was changed from 25mm to 50mm

Fig 4.21: Modified Structure of the base from the Top View

v As like the Normal Cars at the back bottom leaf spring suspension mounts
were provided and coil spring suspension mounts were provided at the front
bottom of structure.

Fig 4.22: Leaf Spring suspension at the back bottom Fig 4.23: Coil spring suspension
at the front

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 20

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

v At the back bottom leaf spring suspension support was provided While at the front bottom coil
spring suspension support was provided as a result of increasing the strength of the base the
deformation decreased to 0.3421mm

Fig 4.24: Maximum displacement of 0.3421mm

Fig. 4.25: Maximum and minimum stress distribution along the chassis

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 21

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

v It was found out that the maximum stress distribution happened at the corner
edges of the chassis hence in order to minimize this support fixture were given at
the edges.

Fig 4.26: Creating diagonal support at the corner edge of the chassis base
MESH

Average Element Size (% of model size)

Solids 1

Scale Mesh Size Per Part No

Average Element Size (absolute value) -

Element Order Parabolic

Create Curved Mesh Elements Yes

Max. Turn Angle on Curves (Deg.) 60

Max. Adjacent Mesh Size Ratio 1.5

Max. Aspect Ratio 10

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 22

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Minimum Element Size (% of average 8

size)

ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT

Number of Refinement Steps 0

Results Convergence Tolerance (%) 20

Portion of Elements to Refine (%) 10

Results for Baseline Accuracy Von Mises Stress

MATERIALS

Component Material Safety Factor

Chassis Steel, Galvanized Yield Strength

GALVANIZED STEEL PROPERTIES

Density 7.85×10-6 kg / mm3

Young's Modulus 2×105 MPa

Poisson's Ratio 0.3

Yield Strength 207 MPa

Ultimate Tensile Strength 345 MPa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

23
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Thermal Conductivity 0.053 W / (mm C)

Thermal Expansion Coefficient 1.2×10-5 / C

Specific Heat 480 J / (kg C)

MESH

Type Nodes Elements

Solids 518850 264397

LOAD CASE 1

CONSTRAINTS
v The Constraints were applied at the Front and Back bottom of the Suspension
mounts

Type Fixed

Ux Fixed

Uy Fixed

Uz Fixed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

24
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.27: Selected Entities

LOAD: FORCE 2
v Further Increased the load acting on the base of the chassis by applying 200kg

Fig 4.28: Load of 200kg applied at the base

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

25
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Type Force

Magnitude 1961 N

X Value 0N

Y Value -1961 N

Z Value 0N

Force Per Entity No

LOAD: FORCE 2
v Applied a load of 6kg at the top of the chassis indicating the weight of solar panel
being installed

Fig 4.29: Load on the top of the chassis

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

26
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Type Force

Magnitude 58.86 N

X Value -10.22 N

Y Value -57.97 N

Z Value 0N

Force Per Entity No

v As the Stress obtained is 36.92MPa which is less than Yield strength of the Material
which is 207MPa the Design is considered Safe

Fig 4.30: Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 36.92 MPa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

27
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.31: Deformation of 0.2428mm Obtained

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

28
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

RESULT OBTAINED FOR 206KG

Name Minimum Maximum

Safety Factor
Safety Factor (Per 5.606 15
Body)
Stress
Von Mises 0.002132 MPa 36.92 MPa
1st Principal -12.13 MPa 43.04 MPa
3rd Principal -39.39 MPa 13.81 MPa
Normal XX -24.46 MPa 25.03 MPa
Normal YY -22.07 MPa 37.75 MPa

Normal ZZ -31.63 MPa 36.66 MPa

Shear XY -13.07 MPa 10.55 MPa

Shear YZ -18.47 MPa 15.92 MPa
Shear ZX -6.416 MPa 7.065 MPa
Displacement
Total 0 mm 0.2428 mm
X -0.06825 mm 0.01923 mm
Y -0.2428 mm 0.01229 mm

Z -0.0352 mm 0.03203 mm

Reaction Force
Total 0N 160.6 N
X -114.7 N 66.86 N
Y -59.51 N 137.8 N

Z -82.36 N 85.52 N

Strain
Equivalent 1.372×10-8 3.149×10-4
1st Principal -7.456×10-6 2.978×10-4
3rd Principal -2.6×10-4 1.42×10-5
Normal XX -8.695×10-5 9.864×10-5
Normal YY -1.004×10-4 1.82×10-4
Normal ZZ -1.04×10-4 1.157×10-4
Shear XY -1.699×10-4 1.372×10-4
Shear YZ -2.401×10-4 2.07×10-4
Shear ZX -8.34×10-5 9.185×10-5
Contact Force
Total 0N 0N

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 29

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

X 0N 0N
Y 0N 0N
Z 0N 0N

CHASSIS FINAL MODIFICATION:

v Due to problems faced during fabrication process like wheel interference, differential
mounting interference certain changes were made in chassis design to facilitate
fabrication.

Fig 4.32: Modified chassis dimension

Ø In order to mount the solar panels at the top and back side a horizontal support was
provided to withstand the load
Ø At both ends Leaf spring suspension supports was designed instead of coil and spring
suspension as lack of availability of control arm and difficultly in fabrication of wheel
knuckles.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 30

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.33: Leaf spring suspension at both front and back bottom

Specification Obtained for the Designed Chassis

Material Name Steel, Galvanized

Physical
Mass 65kg
Volume 8.31×106mm3
Density 8×10-6kg/ mm3
Area 10.59×106mm2
Centre of Mass 104.431
Bounding Box
Length 2615.000 mm
Width 1192.611 mm
Height 1150.000 mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 31

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

MESH

Average Element Size (% of model size)

Solids 1

Scale Mesh Size Per Part No

Average Element Size (absolute value) -

Element Order Parabolic

Create Curved Mesh Elements Yes

Max. Turn Angle on Curves (Deg.) 60

Max. Adjacent Mesh Size Ratio 1.5

Max. Aspect Ratio 10

Minimum Element Size (% of average

8
size)

ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT

Number of Refinement Steps 0

Results Convergence Tolerance (%) 20

Portion of Elements to Refine (%) 10

Results for Baseline Accuracy Von Mises Stress

MATERIALS

Component Material Safety Factor

Chassis Steel, Galvanized Yield Strength

Steel, Galvanized

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 32

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Density 7.85×106 kg / mm3

Young's Modulus 2×105 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.3
Yield Strength 207 MPa
Ultimate Tensile Strength 345 MPa
Thermal Conductivity 0.053 W / (mm C)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient 1.2×105 / C
Specific Heat 480 J / (kg C)

MESH
Type Nodes Elements

Solids 497513 251753

CONSTRAINTS

Type Fixed

Ux Fixed

Uy Fixed

Uz Fixed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 33

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.34: Constraints applied at the front and back suspension support

LOADS
FORCE1
v By considering weight of passenger as well as the components.

Type Force

Magnitude 4905 N

X Value 0N

Y Value -4905 N

Z Value 0N

Force Per Entity No

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 34

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.35: Load of 500kg applied to the base of chassis

FORCE2
v Due to the circumstances two solar panels are mounted at the top as well asat
the back
v Hence load of 10kg was applied on the top as well as at the back.

Type Force

Magnitude 98.1 N

X Value -17.03 N

Y Value -96.61 N

Z Value 0N

Force Per Entity No

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 35

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig.4.36: Load applied top of the chassis

FORCE 3
Type Force

Magnitude 98.1 N

X Value 75.14 N

Y Value -63.07 N

Z Value 0N

Force Per Entity No

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 36

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.37 :10 kg load applied on the back side of the structure

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 37

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

RESULT OBTAINED FOR 520KG

Name Minimum Maximum

Safety Factor
Safety Factor (Per Body) 2.47 15
Stress
Von Mises 8.044x04 MPa 83.74 MPa
1st Principal -20.67 63.84 MPa
3rd Principal -97.06 MPa 16.48 MPa
Normal XX -37.79 MPa 30.75 MPa
Normal YY -84.82 MPa 60.26 MPa

Normal ZZ -33.82 MPa 36.3 MPa

Shear XY -28.28 MPa 15.05 MPa

Shear YZ -16.12 MPa 14.99 MPa
Shear ZX -8.552 MPa 8.638 MPa
Displacement
Total 0 mm 1.158 mm
X -0.3009 mm 0.02883 mm
Y -1.119 mm 0.03025 mm

Z -0.04847 mm 0.05285 mm
Reaction Force
Total 0N 112.6 N
X -42.39 N 51.93 N
Y -60.71 N 93.32 N

Z -49.42 N 68.9 N
Strain
Equivalent 5.421×10-9 5.392x04×10-4
1st Principal -2.591×10-5 3.567x04×10-4
3rd Principal -6.004×10-4 8.907x06×10-6
Normal XX -1.76×10-4 9.997x05×10-5
Normal YY -3.698×10-4 2.771x04×10-4

Normal ZZ -1.348×10-4 1.141×10-4

Shear XY -3.677×10-4 1.956×10-4

Shear YZ -2.095×10-4 1.949×10-4

Shear ZX -1.112×10-4 1.123×10-4

Contact Force

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

38
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Total 0N 0N
X 0N 0N
Y 0N 0N
Z 0N 0N

Fig 4.38: Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 83.74 MPa

v As the Stress obtained is 83.74MPa which is less than Yield strength of the Material
which is 207MPa the Design is considered Safe.

Fig 4.39: Displacement of 1.158mm Obtained

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

39
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.40: Safety Factor Obtained was 2.472

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

40
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FRONT AXLE

Fig 4.41: Front axle

Ø Front axle carries the weight of front part of the Automobile, as well as facilitates
steering and absorbs shocks due to road surface variations.
Ø The front axle is designed to transmit the weight of the Automobile front the spring to
the front wheels, turning right and left as required.
Ø Hence proper design of front axle beam is extremely crucial

v The Front Axle was Designed in FUSION 360 with appropriate Dimensions

Fig 4.42: Front Axle design

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

41
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.43: Pipe command inserted to the front axle design

Material Name :Steel, Mild

Physical
Mass :37kg
Volume :48.25×104mm3
Density :8 ×10-6g / mm3
Area :22.68×104 mm2
Center of Mass: 292.467

Bounding Box
Length :715.000 mm
Width :102.000 mm
Height :50.000 mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 42

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

MESH

Average Element Size (% of model size)

Solids 1

Scale Mesh Size Per Part No

Average Element Size (absolute value) -

Element Order Parabolic

Create Curved Mesh Elements Yes

Max. Turn Angle on Curves (Deg.) 60

Max. Adjacent Mesh Size Ratio 1.5

Max. Aspect Ratio 10

Minimum Element Size (% of average

8
size)

ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT

Number of Refinement Steps 0

Results Convergence Tolerance (%) 20

Portion of Elements to Refine (%) 10

Results for Baseline Accuracy Von Mises Stress

MATERIALS

Component Material Safety Factor

Front Axle Steel, Mild Yield Strength

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

43
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

STEEL,MILD

Density 7.85×10-6kg / mm3

Young's Modulus 2.2 ×105MPa

Poisson's Ratio 0.275

Yield Strength 207 MPa

Ultimate Tensile Strength 345 MPa

Thermal Conductivity 0.045 W / (mm C)

Thermal Expansion Coefficient 1.2 ×10-5/ C

Specific Heat 480 J / (kg C)

Type Nodes Elements

Solids 102355 56085

LOAD CASE 1
CONSTRAINTS
Ø Constraints were applied to bottom plate where the leaf spring mounts which is the
support for axle
Type Fixed

Ux Fixed

Uy Fixed

Uz Fixed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

44
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.44: Constraints applied

LOADS
FORCE1
Ø Since 50% of the Chassis load acts on the Front axle a load of 250kg which is half the load
applied to chassis is applied at both ends of the Front Axle.

Type Force

Magnitude 2452 N

X Value -1.502 x10-13N

Y Value 0N

Z Value -2452 N

Force Per Entity No

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

45
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.45: Load applied at both ends of the front axle

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

46
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

RESULT OBTAINED FOR 250KG

Name Minimum Maximum

Safety Factor
Safety Factor (Per Body) 15 15
Stress
Von Mises 4.115×10-6 MPa 2.361 MPa
1st Principal -0.01546 MPa 1.644 MPa
3rd Principal -1.131 MPa 0.02888 MPa
Normal XX -1.118 MPa 1.452 MPa
Normal YY -0.05352 MPa 0.05185 MPa
Normal ZZ -1.077 MPa 1.37 MPa
Shear XY -0.05257 MPa 0.05809 MPa
Shear YZ -0.06764 MPa 0.08083 MPa
Shear ZX -1.318 MPa 1.301 MPa
Displacement
Total 0 mm 1.279×10-4 mm
X -1.141×10-4 mm 1.135×10-4 mm
Y -2.637x10-5 mm 2.666×10-5mm
Z -7.62×10-5 mm 1.133×10-4 mm
Reaction Force
Total 0N 0.1438 N
X -0.09854 N 0.09285 N
Y -0.06006 N 0.06187 N
Z -0.114 N 0.1085 N
Strain
Equivalent 2.637×10-11 1.769 ×10-5
1st Principal -3.05 ×10-10 1.62 ×10-5
3rd Principal -1.438 ×10-5 -2.219 ×10-11
Normal XX -6.686 ×10-6 7.861 ×10-6
Normal YY -1.282 ×10-6 9.335 ×10-8
Normal ZZ -6.634 ×10-6 7.504 ×10-6
Shear XY -6.093 ×10-7 6.733 ×10-7
Shear YZ -7.84×10-7 9.369 ×10-7
Shear ZX -1.528 ×10-5 1.508 ×10-5
Contact Force

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

47
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Total 0N 0N
X 0N 0N
Y 0N 0N
Z 0N 0N

Ø As the Stress obtained is 2.361MPa which is less than Yield strength of the Material
which is 207MPa the Design is considered Safe.

Fig 4.46: Stress Distribution with Maximum stress of 2.36 MPa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

48
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Fig 4.47: Displacement of 1.418x104mm Obtained

Fig 4.48: Safety Factor Obtained was 15

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

49
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 5
RESULT

A load of 4905N was applied to base indicating The weight of all the components and
passenger weight acting on it and load of 98.1N was applied at the top and rear structure of
the chassis indicating the weight of the solar panel installed at the rear and top, it shows that
no critical or dangerous point happens at the chassis structure.
Driver position is in a safe condition after analysis, the result shows that the driver cage is not
in critical damage. If the red colour sign appears on the chassis structure, it means the structure
has a maximum von misses stress or maximum translational displacement vector. In addition,
there have various factors to be considered such as the selection of material, restraint, and load
before applied to the FEA analysis.
Obtained optimum result from the analysis of the chassis are maximum stress=83.74MPa, and
total displacement=1.158mm at top of the chassis and displacement of 0.25 at bottom of the
chassis
From the results of the analysis, it shows the yield strength of the material is 207MPa. The
maximum point of the analysis is 83.74MPa and the minimum point is 0MPa. According to
the maximum and minimum points, stresses from the analysis is below the yield strength of
the material used. It means chassis structure in a safe condition after placing load on the
chassis.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

50
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

According to the analysis that been done on the Front Axle, the results shows that no critical or
dangerous point happens at the axle structure.
A load of 2452N was applied at both ends of front axle and static analysis was performed which
shows that the axle is in a safe condition. Obtained optimum results from the analysis are the
maximum stress= 2.36MPa and total displacement= 1.418x10–⁴mm.
From the results it shows the yield strength of the material is 207MPa. The maximum point of the
analysis is 2.36MPa and minimum point is 0MPa. According to the minimum and maximum point,
stresses from the analysis is below the yield strength of the material used, Hence the axle is in a
safe condition after placing the load

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

51
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
• The Results and analyzation show that the Safe chassis structure depends on the
stresses in that particular frame and also its stiffness.
• The obtained optimum result from the analysis is maximum stress=83.74MPa, and
total displacement=1.158mm at top of the chassis and displacement of 0.25 at bottom
of the chassis.
• And obtained optimum result from the analysis of the Front Axle are maximum
stress=2.361MPa, and total displacement= 1. 279x104mm
• As compared to that of the yield point of the material, the obtained theoretical results
above are very much lesser which means the Design is Safe
• This indicate that the Designed Chassis and Front Axle Satisfy the Safety
Requirements needed to Fabricate the Solar Powered Car

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru 52

 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

REFERENCES

1. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070 (2021) 012105 doi:10.1088/1742-

6596/2070/1/012105 Arulious Jora A1 , Earlina D2 , Harish D 3 , Sakthi Priya P 4 ,
Inba Rexy A5 , Nancy Mary J S6
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012105/pdf
2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 08
Issue: 08 Aug 2021 Suraj Kumar1, Ravi Girgoswami2, Abhishek Shukla3, Pranit
Shinde4, Mr. N.T. Rathod5
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i8/IRJET-V8I8333.pdf
3. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments ISSN: 1024-1752
CODEN: JERDFO Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 274-282 Published Year 2020Shiva Prasad U ,
Athota Rathan Babu, Bandu Sairaju, Saikrishna Amirishetty & Deepak D
https://hal-mines-albi.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02519178/document
4. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and
Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249-8001 Vol. 4, Issue 4,
Aug 2014, 37-48 Suraj Aru1 , Pravin Jadhav2 , Vinay Jadhav3 , Akool Kumar4 & Pratim
Angane5

https://www.academia.edu/15860808/Design_Analysis_and_Optimization_of_a_Multi
- Tubular_Spaceframe
5. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878,
Volume-7 Issue-4S, November 2018, Sasikumar C, Aswath C, Surendrakumar K,
Suryaprakash A .
https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v7i4s/E2042017519.pdf

6. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9,

Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 94–100, Article ID: IJMET_09_03_011 Shanthini, S. Rajesh,
R. Raja Guru, S.V. Rajesh Kannaa, B. Prasanthand:
https://ijrame.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/V2i805.pdf

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

53
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

7. 2nd Joint Conference on Green Engineering Technology & Applied Computing 2020
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science H Radhwan1 , Z Shayfull, S M Nasir, Abdellah
el-hadj Abdellah and A R Irfan

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342848652_Design_and_Analysis_of_Sola
r_Car_Chassis

8. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume

5 Issues 7 July 2016, Page No. 17333-17337Pravin R.Ahire, Prof.K. H. Munde
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i8/IRJET-V8I8333.pdf

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru

54
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TEA M ME M

APPENDIX-I
Working

55
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

APPENDIX-II

TEAM MEMBERS

Name : JESWIN BIJU

Address : Koply(H), Pulakattukara, Chittissery

(PO),Thrissur, Kerala 680-301
USN : 4JK19ME019
Phone No. : 8606371052

Email ID : [email protected]

Name : NITHIN P
: Parayanthil house Muthukuda (PO) Pattuvam ,Kannur,
Address
Kerala 670141
USN : 4JK19ME032
Phone No. : 9747055431
Email ID : [email protected]

Name : SHARVARI
Address : Bangera Garden Ashoknagar , Mangalore 575006
USN : 4JK19ME045
Phone No. : 9141061259

Email ID : [email protected]

56
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE

56

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AJIET, Mangaluru