C++ BASICS RELEVANT TO CSI 228
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM
BASICS
C++ language extends the C programming language with additional features such as
type checking, object-oriented programming, exception handling etc.
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979.
File extension .cpp
Why C++ in this course?
The Standard Template Library (STL) of C++ provides useful codes
STL is a set of C++ template classes to provide common programming data structures and functions such as
lists, stacks, arrays, etc. It is a library of container classes, algorithms, and iterators.
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 2
SIMILARITIES WITH C
Variables, Operators
struct
Array
Function
Pointer can use the same code as written in c
Strings
If, if…else-if statement, switch case, for loop,
while loop, do-while loop, continue statement,
break statement, goto statement
Recursion
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 3
BASICS
C++ C
for details explanation: https://beginnersbook.com/2017/08/first-cpp-program/
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VARIABLES AND DATA TYPES
Output:
inside first if
int end
char
bool inside first if
holds Boolean value true or false end
double
float
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 5
Output:
inside first if
inside third nested if
VARIABLES AND DATA TYPES end
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scanf(), printf() EQUIVALENT
C++ C
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scanf(), printf() EQUIVALENT
which one is
the C++ code?
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IF YOU PREFER scanf(), printf() OVER cin, cout
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STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL)
STL is a set of C++ template classes to provide common programming data structures and functions such as lists,
stacks, arrays, etc. It is a library of container classes, algorithms, and iterators.
We are going to use
Sorting
vector
priority queue
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 10
VECTOR
#include <vector>
To know more about vectors: https://www.edureka.co/blog/vectors-in-cpp/
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Vector
VECTOR
Input:
11 753 2 8 91
Output:
size: 5
[0] 11
[1] 753
[2] 2
[3] 8
[4] 91
11
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU
753 12
8
91
Vector
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
VECTOR
Input:
11 753 2 8 91
Output:
size: 5
[0] 11
[1] 753
[2] 2
[3] 8
[4] 91
11
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU
753 13
8
91
SORTING
sort array
sort vector
sort structure
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SORT Array
Output:
100 512 6 724 31 14 2 0
SORT ARRAY 0 2 6 14 31 100 512 724
Default order/
Ascending order
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SORT Array
Output: Output:
100 512 6 724 31 14 2 0 100 512 6 724 31 14 2 0
0 2 6 14 31 100 512 724 724 512 100 31 14 6 2 0
SORT ARRAY
Default order/
Ascending order Descending order
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 16
SORT Array of struct
Output:
a:5 b:5
a:1 b:6
SORT ARRAY a:3 b:9
a:3 b:12
a:8 b:16
a:5 b:100
this function is a must for sorting an array of struct
No default order. Order must
be specified by a function
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 17
SORT Array of struct
Output:
a:5 b:100 ratio:20
a:1 b:6 ratio:6
SORT ARRAY a:3 b:12 ratio:4
a:3 b:9 ratio:3
a:8 b:16 ratio:2
a:5 b:5 ratio:1
No default order. Order must
be specified by a function
FARIHA TABASSUM ISLAM, LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, UIU 18
STRING
In C++, string is an object of std::string class
It stores a sequence of characters.
e.g. “hello world”
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Input:
cpp strings
cpp strings
Output:
Hello world
hello universe
11
str1[0]:H str1[6]:w
Hello world.
hello universe. Hello world.
cpp
cpp strings
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Output:
yello hello
str2 did not change!!!
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STRING
Searching within a string.
search a character key: str.find(key)
returns the starting position of key
returns the constant string::npos if not found
search a string key: str.find(key)
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Output:
First we: 5
Second we: 8
Third we: 28
Is G there? Yes!
Is Z there? No!
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STRING
Extracting substrings
str.substring(“hello”);
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Output:
Thank you very very much
Thank you
Thank you very much
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PRIORITY QUEUE
A priority queue in c++ is a type of container adapter, which processes only the
highest priority element, i.e. the first element will be the maximum of all elements in
the queue, and elements are in decreasing order.
priority_queue<int> variableName;
min queue
priority_queue <int, vector<int>, greater<int>> q;
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PRIORITY QUEUE
p.empty()
p.size()
p.push(10) // insert 10
firstly, the element is added to the end of the queue, and simultaneously elements reorder themselves with priority.
It takes value in the parameter.
p.pop()
deletes the top element (highest priority) from the priority_queue
p. top()
returns the top element (highest priority) from the priority_queue
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Output:
23 5
20 6
55
36
05
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REFERENCES
https://beginnersbook.com/2017/08/c-plus-plus-tutorial-for-beginners/
https://www.edureka.co/blog/vectors-in-cpp/
https://web.stanford.edu/class/archive/cs/cs106b/cs106b.1132/handouts/08-C++-
Strings.pdf
https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/priority-queue-in-cpp/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stl-priority-queue-for-structure-or-class/
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