JEE MAIN
Core concrer OF MATHEMATICs.paRT.
PROBABILITY
> Aneexperiment is random experiment all outcom
known in advance i
to happen cannot be predicted, sudvance but which is going
The set of all possible outcomes ofa random ex
Periment is called a samy
pes led 4 sample space,
Any subset of the sample space of ;
‘random exper ed an event
>
>
> [an event has only one sample point ofa sample
>
>
Pace, it is called simple
‘ ; event
Events are sel (o be equally likely if they have same chanee of ha
Ppening,
‘Two (or) more events are said to be mutually exclusive
the happening of any one of them
prevents the happening of any other
> The events A and B are (wo mutually exclusive events <2 AB <9
> Theevents 4h, 4y./
are exhaustive events <> (J 4,
rt
A.B are complementary events <> AUB=S and AAB= gb.
> Ifa random experiment results in ‘n’ exhaustive, equally likely and mutually exclusive
outcomes and ‘m’ of them are favorable to occurrence of an event E then the Probability of
the event E is defined as P(E) = No.of favourable cases _m
No.of exhaustive cases
> If E or E' represents the non-occurrence of the event E then P(E)+P(B)
> For any event E, in a sample space 0< P(E)<1
> The ratio P(E): P(E) is defined as odds in favor of an event E whereas the ratio P(E): P(e)
is called odds against E.
> If two dice are thrown simultaneously then the number of favorable cases to get sum of upper
fi = tees
et ee
> If three dice are thrown simultaneously then the number of favorable cases to get sum of
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2
7 25 5 r=9&r=12
Upper most faces is r =}— prel0@ rail
(9-20-17) 13, <18
2
; = certain event is Lie, P(S)
> The probability of impossible event is 0 i.e., P()=0 and certain event is | ic. P(
ss eee eems—” (Core concPet oF MATHEMATICS-PaRT.
Jee m
%& IFA: Az, As... Ae are ‘n’ mutually exclusive events then
P(A, UA, UAg Ue Ag) = P(A) +P(Az) tot P(Ag)-
> If A and B are any two events of a sample space then probability of occurrence of at least one
of them is P(A UB) = P(A) +P(B)—P(AMB).
> — For any two events A, B
i)P(ANB)
IF ACB then P(A) If ACB then P(B-A)=P(B)—P(A)
> — For three events associated with an experimental performance
> — P(occurance of atleast one of the events A, B, C)=
P(AUBUC)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(ANB)-P(BAC)-P(CAA)+P(ANBAC)
s
f\
Y wavave
a
> Proceuranee of exactly oe ofthe evens)= P((ABE)u(AnBAe)U(An Bec)
P(A)+ P(B)+ P(C)-2(P(AMB) + P(BNC)+ P(CA))+3P(AN BAC).
Cra)
oy
POE 24 ee Pr
Core concret of MatHemati
Jee MAIN
yp Ploccuranee of exactly two of the events) = P((An BC)
P(Ao B)+P(BAC)+P(CMA)-3P(AMBOC).
0
y Plorcurance of atleast (Wo of the events
JU(anBncj(aasnc)) =
(nso eyolarBoe
plana)+P(Bre)+ (COA
>
)-2P(AM BOC)
iain [Bros elated deseinion —__
Either the event A or B occurs (or) atleast one of A,B oceurs
“Bash he events A and B occ
Neither A nor B occur
pen or B does not happen
Either A does not hapy
jot occur
[Kcccur bat B does
mmetrie difference between
Maceo) |Eceee as
| =(4va)-(408)
> The probability that a point selected in a given region will De in a specified
geometrical probability or probability in continuous, Thus the probability 'P' is given by
measure of specified part of theregion
‘measure of the whole region
part of it is called
vent A after the occurrence of the event B is called
P(B) (3)
> The probability of the occurrence of the e
the conditional probability of A given B.
A) _a(AoB)_ P(AOB)
yo ) _P(AOB) i
(4) ae) (8) 70 ii) P(A)
B)_P(BOA)
ii) P(B = - B
) (3) Tap shea ntayo(2).r(a)#0
pce ag my
(Core CoNncPET OF MATHEMATICS-PaR’
JEE MAIN
> r(%)* “(%)
A
> The events A and B are independent 2 r(Anw)=P(a).r() < 0(4
B
(2) =P(B
8) = (0)
> — IPA and Bare independent events then
i) A, Bare independent,
(i) A.Bare independent (ii) ‘A, Bare independent (i
“A, are ‘n’ indepeudent events then the probability for the occurrence of at
ALAS Ags
Teast one of the events is
(Mammo
P(A UA, VA, Vos AQ)
and exhaustive in a sample space and
DW the events Ay pseu aly are the mutually exclusive
14, then
is an event associated with either of A,, Ayy---
P(E)=S P(A NE) = dr (2)
‘An are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events of random experiment
> IAL, Aa, As,
An then
and E is an event which occurs in association with either of Au, A2,
ray(E)
»(4+)-——ay
rane
Erovr(a)
Random Variables
> Let ‘S" be the sample space of a random experiment, A function X:S—>R where R is set of
real numbers is called a random variable.
A random variable assigns a real number to each outcome of a sample space.
>
> Suppose X:$ > R is a random variable. If the range of X is either finite or countable, then X
is called a discrete random variable.
> Let *X? bea discrete random variable can be assigned the values x),%2,...%, With the
corresponding probabilities P(x), P(x ),.....P(x,) such that) P(X =x,)=1,0<-P(x,)<1
is called probability distribution,
> Let ‘S" be a sample space and X':S—> R be a random variable. The function F: R—> R
defined by F (x)= P(X The Binomial distribution is(q+p)" =)"Cq""P"-
> Probability of getting success one time = P(X=1)= "Cy
> Probability of getting atleast one success P(x > 1) =1-P(X=0) =1-*Cy.q°-p*
(x)=.
> Variance of Binomial variate: Var(X) =o = "Pa
> Standard deviation of binomial variate:SD =o = Var(X) = Vapq -
> p(X=r)is maximum when r=[np] where []= GF
> Mean of Binomial variate: 4 =