for loops
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for loops
• for loops are useful for repeating a section of code multiple times
• For example, if we want to print a statement multiple times
• More ef cient to use a for loop instead of multiple println
fi
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Basic Example
Repeat this block of code
100 times
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
System.out.println("Hello World")
Hello Worl
Hello Worl
Print this message
Hello Worl
100 times
Hello Worl
Hello Worl
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General Syntax
Continue loop
Initialize the loop Modify loop
while this
variable variable
condition is true
for (initialization; condition; update)
// block of code
}
code to execute
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Applying Syntax to our example
Continue loop
Initialize the loop Modify loop
while this
variable variable
condition is true
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
System.out.println("Hello World")
code to execute
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Display Loop Variable
Loop 1 to 5
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
System.out.println("Counter: " + i)
} Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter: 5
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Change Loop Increment
Loop 0 to 20
In increments of 5
for (int i = 0; i <= 20; i=i+5)
System.out.println("Counter: " + i)
} Counter:
Counter:
Counter: 1
Counter: 1
Counter: 20
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Count Down
Loop 5 down to 0
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--)
System.out.println("Counter: " + i)
} Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter: 0
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Nested Loops
• This example will print the multiplication table: 5x5
for (int row = 1; row <= 5; row++)
for (int col = 1; col <= 5; col++)
int value = row * col
System.out.print(value + "\t")
System.out.println() ;
\t: tab character
} for alignment
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while loops
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while loops
• while loops are useful for repeating a section of code multiple times
• Useful, when the number of iterations are unknown beforehand
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General Syntax
Continue loop
while this
condition is true
while (condition)
// block of code
}
code to execute
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Example: Prompt the User
Loop while the user wants
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in)
to continue
boolean done = false
while (!done) {
System.out.println("Hello world") Hello worl
Are we done? (Y/N):
System.out.print("Are we done? (Y/N): ")
String userInput = scanner.nextLine() Hello worl
Are we done? (Y/N):
if (userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("Y"))
done = true Hello worl
Are we done? (Y/N):
System.out.println() Process finished with exit code 0
;
scanner.close();
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Which One - for loop or while loop???
• for loops are useful when the number of iterations are know
• while loops are useful, when the number of iterations are unknown
beforehan
d
• while loops are useful, if the condition could change based on user input
or other conditional logic (ie account balance, game level, user Y/N, …)
Keep shopping until
Keep playing until you Prompt: Y/N
your balance falls
reach level zzz
below xxx
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do-while loops
• A variant of the while loo
• The conditional is placed at the end of the loo
• Useful, when you want to execute the block of code at least once
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General Syntax code to execute
at least once
do
// block of code
} while (condition);
Continue loop
while this
condition is true
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Example: do-while
Loop while the user wants
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in) to continue
boolean done = false
do
{
System.out.println("Hello world") Hello worl
Are we done? (Y/N):
System.out.print("Are we done? (Y/N): ")
String userInput = scanner.nextLine() Hello worl
Are we done? (Y/N):
if (userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("Y"))
done = true Hello worl
;
Are we done? (Y/N):
}
System.out.println() Process finished with exit code 0
;
} while (!done)
;
scanner.close();
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break and continue
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break statement
• In loops, the break statement will exit out of the current loop
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Example
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
if (i == 5) Break at 5
exit the loop
{
break
;
System.out.println("Counter: " + i);
}
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Process finished with exit code 0
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continue statement
• In loops, the continue statement will
• Skip the remaing code in the block and continue with next iteration
• Think of it as “skipping over” current iteration
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Example
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
At 5, continue
if (i == 5) skip remaining statements in
{
continue current iteration
;
System.out.println("Counter: " + i);
} Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Notice, we “skipped over” 5 Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter:
Counter: 1
Process finished with exit code 0
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Which One: break or continue???
• Use break when you want to terminate current loo
• Use continue when you want to skip remaining code in current iteration
Can also use break and continue
with while and do-while
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