PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (900-1521)

The Pre-Colonial Period is when our indigenous ancestors inhabited the Philippines

Filipino communities practiced various crafts that served both utilitarian and artistic purposes.

Clothing in pre-colonial

1. Philippines reflected one’s social standing and, in the case of men, how many enemies they
had killed.
In the Visayas region, for example, basic clothing included bahag (G-string) for men and
malong (tube skirt) for women.
2. Gold Accessories
Gold is used to be part of our ancestors’ everyday attire.
Gold artifacts from ancient kingdom of Butuan from 10th to 13th century being the center of
commerce.
necklaces, earrings, bracelets, armlets, belt and hilts of swords and daggers .

KASIKAS (BRACELET) PANIKA (EARINGS) KAMAGI (SERPENT-LIKE GOLD CHAIN

ISLAMIC COLONIAL PERIOD (1201-1300)

In the 13th century, traders and missionaries introduced Islam religion in the Philippines

Islamic art meshed with ethnic culture and produced a Filipino Muslim art that reflects the ethnic
background and Islamic identity.

1. Architecture
During the Islamic period includes early mosques which is common architectural feature
similar with Southeast Asian neighbors.
Were built made of light materials such as wood, bamboo, and cogon grass but these light
materials did not last long.
2. Okkir
The only Filipino Muslim art present as of today, which can be seen inside mosques. It uses
geometric and floral artwork. One popular motif of this art form is the use of imagery of a
dragon or serpent.

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521 - 1898)

- used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images.
- The friars used images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of
Christ’s life and passion.

VISUAL ARTS

Images of the Holy Family and the saints were introduced to the Filipino psyche through carved
santos, the via crucis (Stations of the Cross), engravings on estampas and estampitas, and through
paintings on church walls.

Holy Family Sculptures

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898 - 1940)

- was classical in nature, and the artworks are in neo-classical and modern form.

VISUAL ARTS

Fernando Amorsolo became famous during the American Period because of his paintings that
depict Filipino culture. An example of his work is the painting Family under a tree.

FERNANDO AMORSOLO Y CUETO (PHILIPPINES 1982-1972) A FAMILY RESTING UNDER A MANGO

TREE, 1951
JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD (1941 - 1945)

- dark period of Philippine history.

- Manila War Ruins (1945) painted by Ferdinand Amorsolo

CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1970-PRESENT)

- mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences’ rich resources to
consider current ideas and rethink the familiar.
Contemporary sculpture Known to add elegance and high value to any space style now. Art
is also used to protest or express their feelings, entertainment, and awareness.

LESSON 2: FAMOUS LOCAL INDIGENOUS MATERIALS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. ABACA
- Abaca belongs to the banana family.
- Abaca initially used as material for rope.
- Furniture makers and designers choose this material for their works because of its durability
and availability.
2. BAMBOO
- Bamboo is used as raw material in creating many products.
- Construction, textile, musical instruments, weapons, and many more. can give a home
laidback tropical vibe, and last a lifetime too.
3. BURI
- One of the palms in the Philippines with multiple uses.
- artworks such as fans, bags, mats, placemats, hats and many other household necessities.
4. CAPIZ SHELLS
- Shell is a highly asymmetrical bivalve with a characteristically thin, translucent shell
5. COCONUT SHELL
- Coconut shell is a local material in the Philippines used in many artistic products
6. COCONUT COIR
- The coconut coir which is the fibrous material surrounding the fruit of the coconut tree
7. PANDAN
- Pandan is a tropical plant.
8. RATTAN
- Made of climbing palm tree leaves, the rattan is another favorite of many designers. Rattan
furniture pieces have evolved over time.
9. NITO
- Nito is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in Hinterlands of
Mindanao.
10. RAFFIA LEAF
- Raffia is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf.

LESSON 3: WAYS OF PROMOTING AND PRESERVING ARTS AND CRAFTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Arts and Crafts Exhibitions

An art exhibition is traditionally the space in which art objects (in the most general sense) meet an
audience. Reach a larger audience and promote your product or service.

 Cultural Festivals

Festivals play a vital role in preserving and showcasing the traditions, customs, and arts of a
community or region.

 Utilizing Various Online Platforms

Promoting arts and crafts through social media or online platforms such as Facebook, Messenger,
TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter.

BLOG written content VLOG short for "video blog" or "video log
L1: TOOLS IN INDIGENOUS

Creative Crafts

HAND TOOLS - Simple tools which you use with your hands

MEASURING TOOLS

- Measuring tools are used to measure length and width using English or metric system of
measurement.
RULER
 refers to any measuring tools which units of measurement follow both the metric and
English systems of measurement.
 Some comes as folded, flexible, and clear for convenience.
 he length may be indicated in inches, centimeters (simply ruler), yard (yardstick, with 36
inches = 1 yard), or meters (Meterstick, measure objects that are larger than a piece of
paper/ 100 cm/1000mm).

LINING TOOLS - These tools are used for making lines to aid in cutting materials or to indicate
boundaries.

 PENCIL
its lead and body are flat and bigger.
 TAILORS CHALK
temporary guide markings on fabric to indicate where it needs to be cut or left out,
shortened or lengthened, or where a pleat needs to be made, and so on.
is now usually made of talc (magnesium silicate)
 MARKING GAUGE
Most common of all gauges is the marking gauge. It consists of a wooden bar called beam
about 8 inches (20.3 cm) long wherein wooden block or head slides.
 MARKING KNIFE
Marking knife or striking knife is a woodworking layout tool used for accurately marking
workpieces.
It is used to cut a visible line, which can then be used to guide a hand saw, chisel or plane
when making woodworking joints and other operations.

TESTING TOOLS

These tools are used to examine accuracy in measurement, angle or if materials need to be leveled.

 SPIRIT LEVEL

how parallel (level) or perpendicular (plumb- perfectly vertical) a surface is relative to the
ground.

 TRY SQUARE

marking and checking 90° angles on pieces of wood.

HOLDING TOOLS - firmly holds any material together.

 C-CLAMP

press pieces of materials securely, such as wood or bamboo

 TWEEZERS

o grab, grip, place, remove or hold items that are too small or delicate

 VISE GRIP

mole wrenches, mole grips, or locking pliers, vice grips have a locking feature allowing them
to clamp tight and lock, helping you make a good cut, get current measurements, free a stripped
bolt, and more.
DRIVING TOOLS - any tool used to push (drive) another object into the wood.

 CLAW HAMMER

driving nails into or pulling them from wood

 BALL PEEN HAMMER

This type of hammer has a rounded head and is primarily used for shaping metal objects by
striking them with a round face.

 SCREWDRIVER

insertion and removal of screws

CUTTING TOOLS - wedge shaped and sharp edged device that is used to remove excess layer of
material

 SCISSORS

cutting materials such as paper, cloth, and hair, consisting of two sharp blades that are
joined in the middle

 HACK SAW

Created to cut through metal, and due to its thin blade

18 and 32 teeth per inch.

 RIP CUT SAW

to cut wood parallel to the grain.

It has few teeth per inch compared to most other hand saws, though each tooth is very
sharp to remove chips of wood as it works.

 CRAFT KNIVES

cutting and shaping light materials such as cards.

design process/ they have very sharp (razor sharp) blade,

 BOLO

sed both as a weapon and as a household tool.

bolo depends on the traditions of the ethnic groups

PLANING AND FINISHING TOOLS - used for flattening, shaping, and reducing thickness.

 SPOKESHAVE

It is a shaping and smoothing tool.

applications such as smoothing internal and external curves and rounding corners.

 SANDPAPER

abrasive minerals like aluminum oxide or garnet that are glued onto a paper backing.
L2: SAFETY MEASURES IN HANDICRAFT MAKING

MATERIAL-SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS

Paper

Use scissors with sharp blades to prevent hand injuries.

Fabric

Use sharp cutting tools to prevent injuries.

Avoid using loose clothing that can get caught in machinery.

Avoid using materials that are flammable near heat sources.

Wood

Use sharp cutting tools to prevent injuries.

Wear gloves to protect your hands from splinters.

Keep your workspace clean and organized to prevent slips and falls.

Use protective goggles to protect your eyes from flying wood chips.

Use a dust mask when working with wood that creates a lot of dust.

Metal

Use protective goggles to protect your eyes from flying debris.

Use gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges and hot metal.

Use a dust mask when working with metal that creates a lot of dust or fumes

Avoid using materials that are flammable near heat sources.

Use metalworking tools properly and follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

INSPECT REGULARLY

Regularly inspect your tools to make sure that they are in good condition.

Look for any damage or defects before or after using.

WEAR GLOVES

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid injury

CARRY WITH CARE

Don't carry pointed tools in your pocket.

Always use a cart or a toolbox. Instead, of keeping extra tools lying around, store them in a handy
tool case.

USE THE RIGHT TOOL

Always use the right tools for the job

Never use a tool for different purpose than it was intended.

You risk damaging the tools and injuring yourself.

CLEAN AND RETURN

After using a tool, clean and return it to its proper storage place.

Wipe them down with a rag or old towel and be sure they are free of dust, grease and debris before
you put them into their proper places.
L1: COCONUT MATERIAL CRAFT MAKING

The term coconut dates back to the 16th century. It derives from the Spanish and Portuguese word
coco, meaning "a grin", "a monkey face" respectively, since there is a slight resemblance to a human
face or a monkey head because of the three tiny indents on the hairy shell of the fruit.

Cocos nucifera is a scientific term for the coconut tree, or coconut palm.

The coconut is a plant, which favorably grows on the shorelines, it prospers on sandy soils.

The fruit prefers rainy and sunny weather, it cannot resist low temperatures.

Shell is a hard protective covering of a cavity or tissue.

A palm nut is covered by a glossy skin, fiber and pulps known as the husk, then the shell.

Inside the shell are the meat and water.

Straight cuts are made with a backsaw. Saws for wood dull easily when used on shells.

Tools for metal is appropriate on shells.

Cutting with sharp edges like abolo or knife is very common.

SCRAPING

Edge cutting tools such as spoke shave, bolo or knife are good Scraping tools. A scraper may be used
for this purpose.

Only the remains of the husk from the outside and those of the meat from the inside are scraped.

ASSEMBLING SHELLS

Shells are attached to each other with the use of glue or by tyingwith rattan, wire or nylon cord.
Small holes may be drilled for the tie to pass.

FINISHING SHELLS

Shells lose its natural beauty when covered with opaque finish. Natural finish is best for shells such
as the use of varnish, shellac, or lacque.

L2: ABACA FIBER CRAFT MAKING

An example of a technique used in basket making. It is done by combining the wrapping of a core
material and a sewing process.

Coiling is a flexible medium that presents exciting art using both familiar and exotic materials.