DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
CANDABA CAMPUS
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MODULE 10: PLUMBING
CONTENTS:
● Plumbing
● Sanitary sewer
● Plumbing terms
OUTCOMES:
After completing this module, the student must be able to:
Ability to learn Plumbing and Codes in the philippines
REFERENCES:
* PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATES BY MAX FAJARDO
* RNPCP
BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN BSD 323
ENGR. RANDELL M. ANTONIO
MODULE 10: Plumbing
PLUMBING
The art and science of installing pipes, fixtures, and other appurtenances involves conveying and supplying water
within buildings, as well as disposing of and discharging wastewater, gases, and other substances out of buildings
in a sanitary manner. This ensures the health and sanitation of both life and property.
Plumber - is a skilled tradesperson who installs, maintains, and repairs systems for water supply, drainage, and
sanitation in buildings
Plumbarius is a Latin term historically referring to a worker who dealt with lead, particularly in the context of
plumbing, as pipes in ancient Rome were commonly made from lead.
Plumbum is the Latin word for lead, a heavy metal historically used in plumbing pipes and other applications.
Objectives of Plumbing In Building
• Ensure the reliable distribution of clean water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and other domestic uses.
• Effectively remove wastewater and other waste materials from buildings to maintain sanitation and prevent
health hazards
• Adhere to building codes and regulations to ensure the plumbing systems are safe, efficient, and compliant
with legal standards
22 Basic Principles in Plumbing
1. All premises intended for human use or habitation must be provided with a supply of pure water, free from
connection to unsafe water supplies and protected against backflow or back-siphonage.
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances shall receive water in sufficient volume and pressure to
function satisfactorily and without undue noise.
3. Plumbing systems shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleanliness.
4. Devices used for heating and storing water shall be designed and installed to prevent the dangers of explosion
due to overheating.
5. Every building located on a street, alley, or easement with access to a public sewer shall connect its plumbing
fixtures to the sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, a kitchen-type sink, and a bathtub or shower to
meet basic sanitation and personal hygiene requirements.
7. Plumbing fixtures should be made of smooth, non-absorbent materials, free from concealed fouling surfaces,
and located in ventilated enclosures.
8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent fouling, deposit of solids, and
clogging, with adequate cleanouts arranged for easy cleaning.
9. All piping shall be made of durable, NAMPAP-approved materials, free from defective workmanship, and
designed and constructed by skilled plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.
10. Every plumbing fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.
11. The drainage pipe system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of free air to prevent siphonage
and aspiration.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and be installed to prevent clogging and the return of foul air to the
building.
13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in workmanship.
14. Materials that could clog or choke the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints, or
unduly interfere with the sewage-disposal process shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage system.
BSD 323 - Building System Design
Engr. Randell M. Antonio Page 2 of 4
MODULE 10: Plumbing
15. Proper protection shall be used to prevent the spoilage of food, water, sterile goods, and similar materials by
backflow of sewage. When necessary, fixtures, devices, or appliances shall be connected indirectly to the
building drainage system.
16. Water closets that are not properly ventilated and lighted should not be used in any compartment or room.
17. A septic tank should be constructed if there is no provision for sewage disposal in a certain area or building.
18. Where plumbing and drainage systems may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provisions shall be
made to prevent overflow into the building.
19. Plumbing and drainage systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by skilled plumbers.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed with proper spacing to be accessible for their intended use.
21. Plumbing systems shall be installed with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members
and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be dangerous to surface or sub-surface waters,
shall not be discharged into the ground or any waterway unless properly treated.
Plumbing System
- A network of pipes, fixtures, and appliances designed to supply clean water and remove wastewater from
buildings
- Includes water supply pipes, drainage pipes, fixtures (such as sinks, toilets, showers), and various
appurtenances
- Responsible for providing potable water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and sanitation purposes
- Ensures the safe and efficient disposal of wastewater to prevent health hazards and maintain hygiene
within the building
Plumbing fixtures are devices installed in buildings to enable the use of water for activities
- Water closet
- Lavatory
- Sink
- Urinal
- Hose Bibb, Faucet, cock
- Bidet
Sanitary sewer is a system of underground pipes that carries wastewater from bathrooms, kitchens, and other
plumbing fixtures in buildings to treatment facilities, preventing contamination of the environment and
safeguarding public health.
Sanitary sewage refers to the wastewater containing human waste, used water from sinks, showers, baths, and
other sources in buildings, which flows through the sanitary sewer system for proper treatment and disposal to
prevent environmental pollution and protect public health.
Public sewer is a system of underground pipes and conduits maintained by a municipality or local authority,
designed to collect and transport wastewater and sewage from homes, businesses, and other buildings to treatment
facilities.
Backflow in plumbing refers to the unwanted reversal of water flow in a plumbing system, where water flows in
the opposite direction than intended. This reversal can occur due to changes in pressure within the system, leading
to the potential contamination of clean water with pollutants, chemicals, or wastewater.
BSD 323 - Building System Design
Engr. Randell M. Antonio Page 3 of 4
MODULE 10: Plumbing
Battery of fixtures refers to a group or series of plumbing fixtures installed together as a unit, typically in the
same location or area within a building.
Bibb in plumbing terminology typically refers to a specific type of faucet valve, specifically the part that controls
the flow of water.
Fittings
• Elbows Used to change the direction of a pipe, typically at a 90-degree or 45-degree angle
• Tee Used to create a branch connection in a plumbing system, dividing the flow of water into two directions.
• Reducers Used to connect pipes or tubes of different diameters, allowing for a smooth transition between
sizes.
• Coupling Used to join two pipes or tubes of the same size together in a straight line.
• Union Similar to couplings but designed to allow for easy disassembly of pipes for maintenance or repairs.
• Adapters Used to connect pipes or tubes of different materials or thread types.
• Nipples Short lengths of pipe with male threads on both ends, used to extend or connect fittings together.
• Valves Used to control the flow of water within a plumbing system, including ball valves, gate valves, and
globe valves.
• Caps and Plugs Used to seal the end of a pipe or fitting, preventing the flow of water.
BSD 323 - Building System Design
Engr. Randell M. Antonio Page 4 of 4
