Experiment No.
Design and Implementation of 10’s Complement Circuit
Using IC’s
Objective: -
The objective of this project is to fully understand the 10’s
complement using the IC-74LS11N, IC-7408N, IC-7404N, IC-4077BT. These
IC-74LS11N, IC-7408N, IC-7404N, IC-4077BT is a commonly available.
Components Required: -
74LS11N 3 Input AND Gate IC
4077BT XNOR Gate IC
4075BT 3Inputs OR Gate IC
7432N OR Gate IC
7404 NOT Gate IC
Digital Source (x4)
LED (x4)
+5V Power Supply
Breadboard
Wires
Theory: -
The 10's complement of a decimal number is obtained by first
calculating the 9's complement and then adding 1. For binary numbers,
this involves inverting each bit and adding 1 to the least significant bit. In
this experiment:
IC 7404 is used to invert each bit to achieve the 9’s complement.
IC 7408 and IC 74LS11 handle the addition of 1 by managing carry
propagation.
IC 4077 assists in comparison and parity checking for accurate
addition.
Circuit Diagram: -
1. IC-74LS11N (AND Gate IC)
The 74LS11N is a Triple 3-Input AND Gate IC, meaning it
contains three independent AND gates, each with three inputs. This IC is
commonly used in digital circuits where multiple conditions need to be
true for an output to go high.
Truth Table for Each 3-Input AND Gate
Input Input B Input C Output
A (A*B*C)
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
Applications of 74LS11N
Logic Control Circuits: Used when multiple conditions need to be
met for a certain output to activate.
Binary Calculators: Helps in constructing logic circuits to perform
basic arithmetic and logical operations.
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Circuits: Can be used to
combine multiple signals in embedded systems.
2. IC-7404 (NOT Gate IC)
The IC-7404 is a logic gate IC. It consists of six NOT gates. We know that
the NOT gate is also called an inverter because it does complement of the
inputs. When we apply zero or low signal to the input, it gives 1 or high
signal as in the output. The pin diagram of the IC-7404 is shown in figure
4.
The general form of Truth Table for NOT gate is:
The truth table consists of input (x) and output as mod of |x̄|.
Input (x) Output (y)
0 1
1 0
3. IC-4077BT (Quad 2-Input XNOR Gate): -
XNOR gates can be used as adders in certain configurations, as they
check for bit equality. This IC can be used to perform addition to add 1 to
the 9’s complement, thus achieving the 10’s complement.
Truth Table of XNOR Gate: -
Input Input Output A,
A B B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Applications of IC-4077BT: -
Equality Checkers: XNOR gates are used to check if two inputs are
the same.
Parity Generators and Checkers: Useful for error checking in
digital communication.
Digital Comparators: Often used in circuits where comparisons
are required.
Addition and Subtraction Circuits: XNOR gates are used in
certain binary addition/subtraction logic designs.
Procedure
1. Initial Setup:
o Place all ICs on the breadboard.
o Connect Vcc and GND pins on each IC to the 5V power supply
and ground, respectively.
2. 9's Complement Calculation:
o Connect the input bits to the IC 7404 inverters to invert each
bit.
o Take the output from each inverter as the 9's complement of
each bit.
3. Adding 1 to Achieve 10's Complement:
o Use the output from the 7404 as inputs to the 7408 and
74LS11 gates to handle addition.
o Use the IC 4077 for parity checking and carry control. Connect
each bit as follows:
oFor the least significant bit (LSB), add 1 by setting one input
high on the AND gate (7408).
o Use the AND gates (7408 and 74LS11) to handle carry bits for
each subsequent bit position.
4. Output Representation:
o Connect LEDs to the final output bits.
o These LEDs will visually represent the 10's complement result.
Truth Table for 10’s Complement
INPUT OUTPUT
Digits
A B C D A B C D
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
7 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
9 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
INPUT OUTPUT
Digits
A B C D A B C D
A 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
B 1 0 1 1
C 1 1 0 0
D 1 1 0 1 Don’t Care Elements
E 1 1 1 0
F 1 1 1 1
Conclusion: -
In this experiment, we successfully designed and implemented a
10’s complement circuit using standard logic ICs, including the 7404N
(Hex Inverter), 7408N (Quad 2-Input AND Gate), 7432N (Quad 2-Input OR
Gate), 4075BT (Quad 3-Input OR Gate),4077BT (Quad 2-Input XNOR Gate),
and 74LS11N (Triple 3-Input AND Gate).
Key Learning Outcomes: -
IC Functionality: We gained practical knowledge of how standard
logic ICs can be used together to achieve complex digital arithmetic.
Binary Arithmetic Principles: The process reinforced
understanding of binary complements, addition, and the role of
carry propagation in digital circuits.
Digital Design Techniques: By working with individual gates, we
practiced circuit design principles that can be scaled to more
complex arithmetic or computational applications.
