Benefits of Hadoop MapReduce from failures by redistributing tasks.

istributing tasks. Reduce Phase: Aggregates intermediate Integration: Works with tools like
Efficient Distributed Processing: data into final results. Apache Spark.
Scalability: ,Fault Tolerance:Cost- Enables parallel processing and 3. Hadoop Ecosystem - Tools:
Effective,Flexibility, improves performance on large-scale HBase: NoSQL database for real-time Use Cases
datasets. access to large datasets. IoT: Real-time monitoring .
Drawbacks of Hadoop MapReduce Log Monitoring: Detect errors in real
Hive: SQL-like query language for
Complex: java,Slow: Data Key Points about Hadoop time.
querying Hadoop data.
Movement,Not Good for Small Jobs Hadoop Overview: E-Commerce: Dynamic pricing, user
Pig: High-level scripting language for
Open-source Framework for complex data tasks. recommendations.
Key Points about Hadoop MapReduce
distributed storage and processing of Spark: In-memory processing engine Finance; Healthcare
MapReduce Overview large datasets. for faster iterative tasks. Benefits
Open-source Framework: Used for Scalable and Fault-Tolerant: Distributes Flink: Stream processing for real-time Scalability; High Availability: Data
distributed storage and processing of tasks across multiple nodes in a cluster. data. replicated for fault tolerance. Cost-
large datasets in many computers. Key Components: Kafka: Distributed streaming platform Efficient: Open-source, reduces costs.
Primary Processing Engine in Hadoop: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File for real-time data pipelines. Kafka vs. Traditional Systems
Enables parallel processing of data System): Stores large files across Sqoop: Transfers data between Hadoop Throughput, High, Limited. Fault
Fault Tolerance: handle failures and multiple machines in blocks (128 MB or and relational databases. Tolerance, Built-in, Manual. Latency .
maintain data integrity. 256 MB), ensuring fault tolerance. Oozie: Workflow scheduler for Scalability easy
MapReduce: A programming model for managing Hadoop jobs.
Two Main Phases: parallel data processing; consists of Spark, Kafka, and Hadoop: Big Data
Mahout: Machine learning library for
Map Phase: Splits data into smaller Map (data processing into key-value Synergy
distributed algorithms.
pieces and processes them in parallel. pairs) and Reduce (aggregation and Kafka: Ingests real-time data from
ZooKeeper: Distributed coordination
Reduce Phase: Combines intermediate final output). sources like IoT devices and user
service for managing Hadoop clusters.
results to create the final output. YARN (Yet Another Resource actions. Ex : Collects data from an e-
Negotiator): Manages cluster resources Importance of Apache Spark in IoT commerce site.
2. JobTracker and TaskTracker and schedules jobs, enabling multi- Data Processing Spark: Processes data in real time (via
application resource sharing. Apache Spark is essential for Spark Streaming) and batch mode
JobTracker (Master Node): (using Hadoop's HDFS).Ex: Detects
Hadoop Common: Provides shared processing massive IoT data with real-
Coordinates and schedules MapReduce fraud in real time and analyzes long-
utilities, libraries, and tools necessary time and historical data handling,
jobs. term trends.
for Hadoop's operation. offering scalability, speed, and
Assigns tasks to TaskTrackers (slave Hadoop: Stores large datasets in HDFS,
Hadoop Ecosystem: reliability.
nodes). ensuring scalability and durability.Ex:
Includes tools like Apache Hive (data
Monitors job progress and handles Key Features of Spark for IoT Retains years of IoT sensor data for
warehousing), Apache Pig (MapReduce
failures by reassigning tasks. Real-Time Analytics: Processes live data offline analysis.
abstraction), Apache HBase (NoSQL
Ensures Fault Tolerance by streams for immediate actions. Workflow:
database), and Apache Spark (in-
redistributing tasks if a TaskTracker fails. Scalability: Handles data from Kafka streams data to Spark.
memory processing).
Use Cases: thousands of IoT devices, ideal for large Spark processes real-time and batch
TaskTracker (Slave Node):
Ideal for processing large datasets in deployments. data.
Executes assigned map and reduce
industries like finance, healthcare, Fault Tolerance: RDDs ensure data Hadoop stores raw and processed data.
tasks.
retail, and telecommunications. reliability even with hardware/software
Periodically sends heartbeat signals to Key Benefits:
Evolution: failures.
the JobTracker. Scalability: Handles large datasets
While Hadoop remains foundational for Benefits of Apache Spark in IoT
Reports task progress and handles across nodes.
big data, newer technologies are Diverse Data Support: Handles
failures. Fault Tolerance: Ensured by K, S, H.
emerging to address its limitations. structured, semi-structured, and
Can perform Speculative Execution to Real-Time & Batch: Supports both live
unstructured data.
speed up jobs by running duplicate and historical data processing.
Apache Hadoop - The Big Data Machine Learning Integration: MLlib
tasks on slower nodes. Flexibility: Works across various big
Architect enables predictive analytics (e.g., traffic
Overview: forecasting, maintenance). data applications.
3. Steps in MapReduce
Hadoop is an open-source framework Cost-Effective: Open-source and
Lambda Architecture Overview
Map Phase: Processes input data as for reliable, scalable, and distributed compatible with commodity hardware,
Lambda Architecture combines real-
key-value pairs and returns a list of data processing across clusters of reducing costs.
time and batch processing for scalable,
<key, value> pairs. computers.
IoT Applications of Apache Spark fault-tolerant, and efficient data
Sort and Shuffle: Organizes the output Key Features:
Smart Traffic Management, Industrial pipelines.
from the map phase into unique keys
Parallelism: Splits tasks across multiple IoT (IIoT), Healthcare IoT: Analyzes Key Components:
with corresponding lists of values.
machines. wearable data , Energy Management: Apache Kafka: Apache Spark:
Reduce Phase: Applies a function to Fault Tolerance: Data is redundant Hadoop(what they do)
each list of values associated with across nodes to ensure availability. Apache Kafka for Real-Time Data Layers:
unique keys and generates the final Scalability: Easily adds machines to Processing Batch Layer:Stores and processes large
output in <key, value> form. handle growing data. Apache Kafka is a high-throughput, low- historical data (e.g., HDFS).Accurate
latency event streaming platform results (e.g., long-term trends, ML).
4. Usage of MapReduce 1. Core Components: essential for real-time data processing. Speed (Velocity) Layer:Processes real-
Applications: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File Key Benefits time data for low-latency insights.Uses
Document clustering, distributed System): Stores large data across High Throughput & Scalability: Handles Kafka for data ingestion and Spark
sorting, web link-graph reversal. clusters in blocks for fault tolerance. massive data volumes Streaming for processing.
Distributed pattern-based searching. MapReduce: A programming model to Low Latency: Minimal delay for real- Serving Layer:Combines Batch and
Machine learning tasks. process data in parallel via Map (data time anal Speed Layer results for a unified
Regenerating web indices (e.g., transformation) and Reduce (data Fault Tolerance, Decoupling Producers view.Queries via low-latency databases
Google's web crawler). aggregation). & Consumers: Simplifies system design. (e.g., HBase, Elasticsearch).
Multi-environment Use: Can be used in YARN (Yet Another Resource Key Features Summary: Batch Layer: Precise
multi-cluster, multi-core, and mobile Negotiator): Manages resources and Event Streaming: Continuous data historical analysis.Speed Layer: Real-
computing environments. job scheduling in the cluster. processing for real-time apps. time insights.Serving Layer: Unified
Hadoop Common: Provides shared Partitioning: Enables parallel data view.
5. Benefits of MapReduce in Hadoop utilities and libraries. processing and scaling.
Scalability: Handles large datasets by 2. Data Processing with MapReduce: Retention Policies: Configurable data
distributing tasks across many nodes. Map Phase: Divides data into key-value retention.
Fault Tolerance: Automatically recovers pairs processed by individual nodes.