Philippines
Philippines experienced from an inexhaustible number of deadly
earthquakes, volcano eruptions due to its location along the Ring of
Fire.
Ranks as one of the top countries with cities most exposed to natural
hazards
Ring of Fire - A region prone to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
Disaster
According to ADPC it is a calamitous occurrence causing great harm and
destruction
An event that hits a vulnerable area, causing losses the community cannot
handle on its own.
Disaster occurs when a hazard hits a well-prepared and vulnerable
community.
All disasters are hazards, but not all hazards are disasters.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
Natural Disaster/Hazards - are always unpredictable and cannot be
anticipated.
Man-made disaster/Hazards- caused by human actions
SUBCATEGORIES OF MAN-MADE
1.Technological/industrial disasters
Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase
the risk for industrial disasters.
2. Terrorism/Violence
the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of
technologies involving nuclear, biological and chemical agents used to
develop weapons of mass destruction.
Example:
bombs or explosions
release of chemical materials
release of biological agents
multiple or massive shootings
IMPACTS OF DISASTER
1. Direct losses
involves the destruction of physical structures like buildings
2. Indirect losses
It affect society by disrupting or damaging utility services, local
businesses
They are harder to measure and recover from.
3. Intangible losses
This are the psychological challenges like trauma, stress and anxiety.
Hazard
is any phenomena that has the potential to cause threat to life, health,
environment, and property.
hazards are termed as disasters when they cause widespread destruction
of property and human lives
hazard automatically becomes a disaster when it causes harm to a
population.
Hazard exposure - is a factor that increases disaster risks in communities
Risk - the combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences
Risk assessment - focuses on reducing the impact of hazards by estimating
impacts.
Disaster Risk - A potential loss or damage due to a hazard
ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RISK
1. Exposure
This refers to people, properties, and other elements that are thereby
subject to potential losses.
Exposure can be measured by the number of people or types of assets
in an area, location and interaction.
2. Vulnerability
is the quality of being easily hurt or attacked.
The inherent characteristics that make communities susceptible to
hazards
Strengthening early warning systems reduces disaster vulnerability
Example:
Wooden houses are equally vulnerable to earthquake and fires.
Migrants- are often considered more socially vulnerable due to a lack of
local knowledge and community integration.
Strengthening early warning – it reduces disaster vulnerability
CATEGORIES OF HAZARD
Technological hazards - are caused by human activities such as
industrial failures and accidents.
Environmental degradation- processes caused or induced by human
activities or in combination with natural hazard.
Examples:
deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity
land, water, and air pollution
climate change
ozone depletion
TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
1. Biological Hazard
caused by living organisms to toxic substances and microorganisms that
cause sickness such as Bacteria, viruses and fungi
2. Geological Hazards
refers to the hazards that are present due to the geography and land
composition
3. Hydrometeorological Hazards
this involves phenomena that are of atmospheric, or oceanographic such
as droughts, typhoons and floods.
TYPES OF HAZARD
A slow onset hazard - are hazards that have early signs or indicators
before its occurrence.
A rapid or sudden onset hazard - are hazards that occur or strike
without any prior signs or warnings such as Typhoons and
earthquakes
