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ESIA
Overview of stages of the process
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The EIA process
Phase II:
Phase I:
Full EIA study
Initial inquiries And what will be the level of impact
(if needed)
•Understand • Scope
proposed activities • Evaluate baseline situation
• Identify & choose alternatives
•Screen • Identify and characterize potential
•Conduct preliminary impacts of proposed activity and
assessment (if each alternative
needed) • Develop mitigation and monitoring
• Communicate and document
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Screening Screening?
▪The screening process determines:
• Screening is the process used to
determine whether a proposed project
or activity requires an ESIA and, if so,
what level of environmental review is
• whether or not EIA is required for a
necessary particular project
• what level of EIA is required
• IEE or ESIA
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Purpose
Step 1: Screening
• Identify those projects or activities that may cause
• whether or not EIA is potential significant impacts
required for a
This step particular project
determines: • Identify special conditions/analyses that may be required
• what level of EIA is by international funding bodies
required
• Categorize the project as one where:
• Full or
• Full-Scale EIA required
comprehensive EIA • Some form of environmental analysis required
Screening required • No further environmental analysis required
Outcomes:
• Limited EIA required
• No EIA required
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Tools for Screening
Screening criteria
Case-by-case Combination of
Project lists:
examinations: above
• Characteristics of the project;
• Inclusive — • determine • If developer is
listed projects whether acting
must undergo projects may strategically
EIA have
• Exclusive — significant • Location of the project;
listed projects environmental
exempted effects
from EIA • if so, project
should • Characteristics of the potential impact.
undergo EIA
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Project characteristics Project location
• the size of the project • existing land use
• relative abundance, quality and regenerative
• cumulation with other capacity of natural resources in the area.
development • Absorption capacity of natural environment
• wetlands
• use of natural resources • mountain and forest areas
• nature reserves,
• production of waste • parks and
• special protection areas where quality standards
• pollution and nuisances already exceeded
• densely populated areas
• risk of accidents • landscapes of significance
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Characteristics of potential impacts Screening process according to NEA 2019
• Extent
• geographical area • NEA 2019 uses inclusive project lists to determine which projects
require ESIA and what level of assessment is needed
• size of population affected
• Transboundary nature
• Low impact projects require IEE and submitted to Lead agencies
• Magnitude and complexity
• Probability of impact • Middle impact projects require IEE and PB submitted to NEMA
• Duration
• Frequency and • High impact projects require ESIA and submitted to NEMA
• Reversibility
• Cumulative impacts
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Remember!! Scoping
• A process of interaction between government agencies and
project proponents
• Identifies:
• spatial and temporal boundaries for the ESIA
• important issues and concern
• information necessary for decision making
• significant effects and factors to be considered
➔ Establishes Terms of Reference for full-scale ESIA
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▪ Scoping is to determine the coverage or scope of
Importance of Scoping the EIA study for a project proposal that is having
potentially significant environmental impacts
• Serves to facilitate efficient ESIA by identifying appropriate ▪ begins once screening is completed
areas for consideration (e.g, key issues, concerns,
alternatives) ▪ the most important step in EIA
▪ establishes the content and scope of an EIA
• Reduces likelihood of deficiencies in ESIA (e.g., ensures that
important issues are not overlooked) report
• Prevents unnecessary expenditures and time delays from
oversights or unnecessary areas of study
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SCOPING
Outcome: Importance of Scoping
Keep in mind
✓ identifies key issues and
impacts to be • Serves to facilitate efficient ESIA by identifying appropriate
areas for consideration (e.g, key issues, concerns,
considered alternatives)
✓ lays the foundation of
an effective process, • Reduces likelihood of deficiencies in ESIA (e.g., ensures that
saves time and money, important issues are not overlooked)
and reduces conflict
• Prevents unnecessary expenditures and time delays from
oversights or unnecessary areas of study
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Types of project impacts Types of project impacts
• Direct impacts • Cumulative impacts
• Indirect impacts • Positive impacts
• Short term impacts • Negative impacts
• Intermittent impacts • Synergistic impacts
• Long term impacts
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Methods for predicting impacts include:
IMPACT PREDICTION
• Once all the important impacts have been identified, their 1. Best Estimate: Professional
potential size and characteristics can be predicted 2. Experiments
• Impact prediction should be carried out by specialists in
judgement
the disciplines involved or in the application of models
and techniques.
• Where possible, impacts should be predicted
quantitatively.
• Impact prediction should look not only for direct impacts,
but also indirect impacts and the interactions between
them
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Methods for predicting the characteristics of impacts include: • For each of the scoped issues, an attempt needs to be
made to predict, in as much detail as possible, the likely
• Physical models effects of the development for all of the
possible alternatives, both in terms of sites and
development proposals.
• Case studies as analogues or • It is also essential to point out the uncertainty associated
points of reference with this prediction
• Mathematical
models
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Uncertainty in impact prediction
EVALUATION OF IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE
Impacts predictions always have a degree of uncertainty
• Once the impacts have been analysed, it is important
to determine their significance, i.e. whether they are
acceptable, require mitigation measures or are un-acceptable
to the community
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Assessing Significance
• Considerable expert judgment and technical knowledge are often Impact Significance Determination
required to fully understand the nature and extent of
environmental impacts
Impact Impact
Impact
• Categories of significance include: Characteristics x Importance = Significance
(e.g., spatial extent) (e.g., value)
• no impact » unknown impact
• significant impact » mitigated impact
• insignificant impact
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IMPACT MITIGATION
EIA mitigation measures
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Different types of mitigation measures act in different ways to reduce
adverse impacts
Impact Mitigation
▪ to avoid, minimise or remedy
adverse impacts
▪ to ensure that residual
impacts are within acceptable
levels
▪ to enhance environmental
and social benefits
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Do I mitigate EVERY impact? Framework for Impact Mitigation
Reduce
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Implementation of Mitigation Measures
A case of poor
design??
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Somewhere on
Entebbe Road
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Link between mitigation and monitoring
Reporting
Different name of EIA reports
▪ Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA
Report)
▪ Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
▪ Environmental Statement (ES)
▪ Environmental Assessment Report (EA Report)
▪ Environmental Effects Statement (EES)
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EIA Report (EIS) Aspects of a good EIA report
The EIA report or impact statement is a keystone document. It
assembles the information that assists: • Is well-structured and uses non-technical language
supported by data and well-executed analyses.
• the proponent in managing the impacts of the proposal • Provides information that is helpful and relevant to decision
• the responsible authority in decision-making and condition setting making.
• the public in understanding the likely impacts of the proposal. • Results in the satisfactory prediction of the adverse effects
of proposed actions and their mitigation using conventional
and customized techniques.
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The EIS should be
• Actionable: can be used by the proponent to • End of the road for practitioner
deliver and environmentally sound design
• Decision relevant: presents information in a
way that can be used by decision makers to
make a decision
• User friendly: Non technical, Not Voluminous
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REVIEW Purpose of review
▪ Review is a process that determines whether the impact assessment • Assess the quality of the EIA report.
reports have adequately assessed the environmental social and economic
effects and are of sufficient relevance and quality for decision- • Take public comments into account.
making • Determine if the information is sufficient.
▪ During the EIA review, the whole process is scrutinized. The proponent • Identify any deficiencies to be corrected.
submits the following reports
▪ Project brief
▪ Scoping and • Who Perform the review?
• Environmental agency — NEMA
▪ ToR,
• Public comment and input
▪ Environmental Impact Statement (EIS),
▪ ESMP
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Basis for the decision
DECISION MAKING
• the validity of the predictions made in the environmental
impact statement;
▪ Decision –making is a process that culminates in a final decision as to • the comments made by the relevant stakeholders (public
whether a proposal should be accepted or not, and determines the involvement)
applicable conditions • the report of the presiding officer at a public hearing;
• analysis of the economic and social cultural impacts of the
project; and
• other factors which the Executive Director considers crucial in
the particular circumstances of the project.
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Outcome of decision making Conditions of approval of a project
• (a)approve the project or part thereof;
• (b)require that the project be re-designed including directing that • In making his decision to approve the project, the Executive Director
different technology or an alternative site be chosen; shall—
• (c)refer back the project or part thereof to the developer where there is • give approval subject to such conditions as it deems necessary;
insufficient information for further study or submission of additional • state the period for which the approval shall remain valid;
information as may be required to enable the ED make a decision; or • issue a certificate of approval of the project
• (d)reject the project.
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Cancellation of approved environmental impact assessment Appeals
• The decision taken on the project is not cast in stone. At any • If the proponent or the public is dissatisfied by the outcome of the
time after the issuance of a certificate of approval of the project, decision a provision for the right to appeal against the decision is
the ED may revoke the approval where provided.
• there is non compliance with the conditions set out in the certificate; • The appeal must be made within thirty days of the decision to the High
• where there is a substantial modification of the project implementation Court.
or operation which may lead to adverse environmental impacts;
• where there is a substantive undesirable effect not contemplated in the
approval.
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