ter

6 inAdaptations
Animals
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Let's Begin 7E Engage Learn the need for
inanimals adaptations
Know about various
Look at the penguin. If we leave adaptations in animals
in a desert, will it be able to this penguin *
discuss the challenges it will survive?Think and Understand that it is
face in a desert. important to take care and
showconcern for animals

What amlgoing to do in a
Ahaa...
Home sweet deaert? What will leat? Err..I
home! feel so hot already!!
??

Our Earth has different kinds of places.

There are
deserts andoceans. We find a variety of living ice-cold regions, green lands,
organisms at these places.
[The natural environment or place where an animal or
plant lives is called its habitat.
But sometimes the outside
environment is so harsh that it becomes difficult for
an organism to survive. In such cases] in
order to survive, the organism adapts
or changes itself according to its
surroundings. This is known as adaptation
A penguin's body is well-adapted to survive in
crocodile is adapted to live in swampy areas. Anextremely
cold regions, while a
adaptation might take hundreds or
thousands of years to take place.

66 sironnent: the surroundings or conditions in which plants or animals live swampy: a wet
area
 ADAPTATIONS TO HABITATS

habitat provides animals with shelter, food and INFO-HUB4 7E Extend

A Different
water. OurEarth has a variety of habitats. Athirsty camel can drink
about 125 litres of water
habitats. Based on
kinds of animals live in different in 13 minutes,
classified as terrestrial
their habitat, animals can be
arboreal
animals,aquatic animals, amphibians,
animals and aerial animals.

Terrestrial Animals
known as terrestrial animals. For example,
|Animals that live on land are
to move and
have legs
camel. Mostland animals
elephant, cat, dog, lion and not have legs. It crawls to
i_ an exception as it does
lungs to breathd Snake
move by makingloops.
have a well-developed nervous. system and sense organsto
Terrestrialanimals same
surroundings)However, climatic conditionsare not the
sense changes in their places, it is very
some places, it isvery hot like deserts,while at some
everywhere. In adaptations in animals also vary
the Arctic). Thus,
cold likepolar regions (such as
the place.
according to the climatic conditions of

skin and
LAnimals that live in hot deserts have thick
them from the
very less hair on their skin to protect
on
heat of the Sun Animals like camel have a hump
their back that stores fat] Therefore, they can travel
for days without cating anything They also have a
thick pad<under their feeThis prevents their feet
from sinking into the sand.) Camel in a desert

67
polar regions ice-coid regions at the poles of the Earth
 bave
(Animals like polar bear that live in cold regions,
that keeps them
a very thick skin covered with fur
warm/Aninmals like scal and penguin are well-adapted
These animals
to live in afreezing-coldenvironmen. skincalled
under their
have a very thick layer offat
blubbet Theblubber protects them from cold
Polarbear in a polar region

Aquatic Animals

(Animals that live in water are known asaquatic

animal_ For example, fish, oçtopus and dolphin.
Unlike land animals, aquatic animals have fins
or specialised limbs that help themswim) Also,
many aquatic animals like-fish breathe through
Tgills, Whales and dolphins are exceptions as they
are mammals and have lungs to breathe.
Aquatic animals

Amphibians

Animals that canlive both on land and in

water are known as amphibians For example,
frog, toad arnd newt. They have limbs that help
them swim in water(Some also have webbed
feet to help them in swimming.These animals
brcathe with their moist skin when in water.
They also have lungs tobreathe on land.
Newt

68 TachingTip Dìscuss why most aquatic animals have streamlined bodies

Aerial Animals

acrial)
Animals that can fly Are known as
animals. For example,birds and insccts.
These animals have lightweightbodies
so that they can fly easily. )
Birds have hollow bones and wings that help
chem fly The forclimbs of these animals are
modified as wing) They also have fcathers all
over their bodics that keep them warm during
flight.Birds have aspecial body shape -narrow
in front and back, and broad in the middle/lhis
Hummingbird
body type helps them to cut through air and fly casily.)
Such a body shape is known as streamlined body.

Arboreal Animals

Land animals that live mostly on trees are

known as arboreal animals. For example,
monkey, squirrel, koala bear and lizard. They
have sharp claws with astrong grip to help
them climb up and down the tree or branches.
Their body is very strong with a stout chest,
and bones and limbs to provide them with
Koala bear
enough supportwhile climbing. They have
strong ribs and hip girdles to help them move.

ADAPTATIONS FOR FOOD SVID)

Animals can be divided into different categories based on their cating
habits--herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers and paras1tes.
69
stout: strong and fit
Herbivores
Animals that cat plants only are known as herbivores.
Forexample, deer.buffalo, zebra, goat and cow.
Herbivores eat plant parts like leaves, roots, fruits, barks
and grasses. For this, they have very sharp cutting teeth
and strong grinding teeth so as to break plant materials
into smaller pieces and chew them properly. Buffaloes

INFO-HUB- 7E Extend
Every zebra has a unique black and white pattern on its body.
No two zebras have the same pattern on their bodies.

Zebras
Carnivores
Animals that eat the flesh of other animals are known as
carnivores. For example,lion, tiger, leopard and wolf. They
have sharp teeth and claws to grasp and tear the flesh.
Flesh-eating birds, such as cagle, have sharp claws to catch
their prey and special hooked beaks to tear off the flesh. Wolf
Omnivores
The animals that eat both plants and animals are known
as omnivores. For example,bear, raccoon and birds like
crow and woodpecker. They have acombination of teeth.
For example, humans have sharp canines which help in
biting and tearing food such as meat, while premolars and
molars help in grinding the plant material. Raccoon
INFO-HUB- 7E Explain
Some organ1sms that feed on dead animal and plant material are called
Scavengers. Many scavengers are carnivores, Such a_ vulture and hyena. While
most carnivores hunt and kill tneir prey, SCavengers
usually consume animals that
have died of natural causes or have been killed by another carnivore
Some an1mals, such as loUse and tapeworn, derive their
organisms and are called parasites.! nutrition from other livina
IMicroorganisms that feed on dead and decaying Qrganic matter and convert it
into nutrients to replenish the soil are called decomposers

70 orgaiC Intter a wide variety of living or dead plant and Animal material,
includes manurc and compost
 Qujck Check 1)(7 valuato Assessment for learning
Circle the odd one out.
Ican
1. Fish Octopus (Frog) Dolphin live both on
land and in water.
2.
Lizard Koala bear Monkey (Toad

3. Seal Penguin Polar bear (Lizard

4. Vulture Hyena (Cockroach\ Louse

Cow) Crow Raccoon Bear
5.

ADAPTATIONS FOR PROTECTION

Animals adapt to stay safe in their
environment. They have to protect themselves
from predators.
Some animals move very fast to escape from
their predators. These animals have very strong
legs. For example, frog and deer. Deer has strong legs.

Some animals like elephant have thick skin to protect themselves from heat.
Animals like whale,elephant and hippopotamus are too big in size; hence, they
cannot be eaten easily by predators.

Elephants have a thick skin. Hippopotamus is big in size.

Some animals are difficult to spot because their body colour is similar to their
environment. This is known as camouflage.
71
predator. an animal that lives by killing and eating other
animals
 Ani
with
mals like grasshopper, owland frog blend well
their
surroundings, hence can
cscape
predators. Some animals like chameleon
thcir
their body colour to blend with the change
and thus remain surroundings
camouflaged.
Somcanimals mimicor imitate other Owlcamouflaging in the wood
animals tor
PHocetion. For example, amoth caterpillar mimics asnake in order to defend itself.
ADAPTATIONS IN BEHAVIOUR
Animals can also develop special habits to survive in
difficult environmental conditions.
Not all animals can survive extreme cold.
|Animals like bear, frog and lizard sleep for several
months to avoid the winter season. They wake up
from sleep after the winter season gets over. This is
Bear hibernating
known ashibernationjot winter sleep
During summe, some anima<s like crocodile and lungfish rest for long hours
in the cool and shady places toprotect themselves from very high
temperatures.
They alsoslow down their activities. This is known as aestivation or
summer sleep.
Some animals such as birds and fish find it difficult to survive in the
winter
season due to shortage of food and changingclimate So, they leave their homes
and travcl to warmer places, wherc
there is plenty of food. Once the Think! 7E Extend
winter season ends, they travel back " Think of two more animals that
to their homes[Fhts movement of hibernate. at
V animals from one region to another, " Name the bird that comes to India
according to the scason of the year,is every year from Siberia in order to
known as migration. escape the severe cold over there.

Koohan.
12 mimic: to copy someone slooks or behaviour of sound
ANIMALS IN DANGER
ycarsago, dinosaurslived on
Millions of
do not exist anymore. One
the Earth. They
could not
dinosaurs
reason could be because
the changing climatic conditions.
adapt to
despite a lot of adaptations, thereare
Today,
are in danger. Dinosaur: An extinct animal
several animals whose lives
disappearingfrom the
They areclose to
be endangered.
Earth. Such animals are said to
animals that have already disappeared from the Earth are considered to
The
be extinct.
becoming extinct. We are
Humans are directly or indirectly responsible for animals
Curting down forests in search of places to live and to fulfil our needs. In this way,
sources of food of animals.
weare destroying homes and
such as crocodile
There are many animals that are being hunted for their skin,
horns. Both
and tiger. Animals like blackrhinos are being hunted for their
tiger and black rhino are endangered animal_. These animals are in danger
of becoming extinct. Animals such as dodo bird and saber-toothed cat have
already disappeared.

oodo bird Saber-toothed cat

73
TeachingTip Discuss in class how food chains are affected due to the extinction of any onc m
Narrate the story of the dodo hird and the dodo tree.
 Qujck Check 2;nvaluato Assessment for learning)
State True or False.
Animals adapt to stay safe in their environment.
2. Some animals are difficult to spot because their
body colour is similar to their environment.

3.
This is known as
aestivation. Lamouyage
Animals that are close to disappearing from the Earth
are known as extint animals.
4. The tiger is an extincf animal.
dangrd
5. The saber-toothed cat is an extinct animal.

HOW CAN WE SHOW

ANIMALS?
CARE ANDCONCERN FOR
not cut trees.
Trees are home to many animals. Do
essential to conserve
Reuse, reduce and recycle water. It is throwing garbage
Avoid
and protect our water resources. as rivers, lakes and oceans.
or waste intowater bodies such plants and animals and
These ecosystems are home to many them.
pollutingtheir habitats can harm or even kill
or are
Try to help animals that are endangered
ill-treated. Animal abuse is a crime. Spread
raise funds
awarenes5S against animal abuse andfriends, you
for endangered animals. With your
animal shelter.
may starta club or a local
Read books on plants
Be in touch with nature. Learn and know how
and animals. Visita zoo.
animals are kept.
you have a pet, feed it with healthy food.
If
Bathe and clean it regularly Take your pet for a
surroundings and living
reqular walk. Keep its
area clean.

Love
Food Care

Shelter yet
 7E Explain
Key Terms
Adaptation: The process of change nutrition by either living inside or on
be able
to thebody of another living
undergone by an organism organism
different conditions Hibernation: The resting state in which
to survive in
live some animals spend winter
Terrestrial animals: Animals that
on land Aestivation: The slowing of activity
Aquatic animals: Animals that live in in some animals during a hot or dry
period
water
Amphibians: Animals that can live Migration: The periodic movement of
both on land and in water
groups of animals (especially birds or
fish) from one region to another for
Aerial animals: Animals that can fly feeding or breeding
Arboreal animals: Land animals that
Endangered animals: Animals that are
live mostly on trees close to disappearing from the Earth
Scavengers: Animals that feed on Extinct animals: Animals that have
dead and decaying organic matter disappeared from the Earth
Parasites: Animals that derive their

7E Engage Qujck NOAes

Adaptations in Animals
SVID

Adaptations to Adaptations for food Adaptations in

habitat behaviour
" Herbivores
Terrestrial Hibernation
" Carnivores
Aquatik " Aestivation
" Omnivores
" Amphibians " Scavengers " Migration
" Arboreal
" Parasites
" Aerial

Adaptations for protection

Strong legs, thick skin, big size
Camouflage
Mimic or imitate other animals

75
 Run-Through 7E Evaluate
. Very Short Answer Questions Assessment for learning)
Tick () the correct option.
1. The process in which an animal
environment is known as
adapts or changes itself according to its
a. habitat Ob. adaptation Uc. hibernation Ud.
2. The thick layer of fat under the
camouflage O
skin of some polar animals is called
a. blubber Ob. wings c camouflage Ud. none of
3. Land animals that live mostly on trees are these
known as
a. aerial animals b. amphitbians
G. arboreal animals U d. none of these
4. Animals like grasshopper, tiger and frogcan blend well with their surroundings. This
is known as

a. hibernation b. aestivation
c. extinction Od. camouflage
B. Match the animals with the adaptations to their habitat.
Column A Column B
1. Polar bear a. Breathes with moist skin in water
NT)
2. Monkey b. Streamlined body
3. Camel C. Blubber
4. Birds d. Weak and boneless hindlimbs
5. Fish e. Sharp claws with astrong grip
6. Frog f. Hump on the back to store fat
g. Hollow bones and wings to fly
C Read the hints and unscramble the letters to name the animal.

1. Scavenger: RUUVETL
2. Carnivore: DPALROE

3. Omnivore. CCONORA
4. Parasite: ICEL
5. Terrestrial animal: MCAEL
6 Aerial animal: wRCO

76
D. Guess the
name of the animal from the given options.
CHAMELEON GRASSHOPPER DEER BLACK RHINO DODO BIRD

, lwas once present on this planet, but now it is impossible to find me

2 resemble a lizard, but Thave the ability to change colours
enemies.
3 Sitting on leaves helps me camouflage from
AWe are killed for our horns. That is why we are endangered animals.
s Lhave very strong legs. Theretore, Ican save myselr trom enemies by running verv fast.
Complete the concept map.
KNOWN AS EXAMPLES

Live on land

Live in water Aaual..

Live both on land
Anuats
H and in water

Can fly Aoun!

Land animals that
live mostly on trees

Animal Eat only plants Houwerus

survival Eat only animals

Eat both plants

|Adaptations FOQD and animals

Eat dead and

decaying organic
matter

Depend on host
for food

Move very fast

PRO Can camouflage

Very big in size;
thus, safe from
enemies

7
 Short Answer Questlons
1 Unjumble the
a
letters and detine Assessnent of learning)
ADAAPTTOINS
2 Name any
b. DEAPNDNGER
two terrestrial
3 What are
aerial animals?
animals.
4. What is a
5. parasite?
Give examples of some
I. Long animals that camouflage and mimic.
Answer Questions
1. Describe how
2. Describe the animals adapt to their habitat. Assessment of learning
eating
What is the similarityhabits
of carnivores and
between the two? scavengers. Hello! lam
Can you tell rhinoceros.
3. How do
animals adapt in terms of behaviour? how I differ
4. Give reasons: from the hippopotamus
a. Black rhinos are in appearance?
b. Terrestrial animals endangered animals.
have a wel-developed nervous system.
C. Aquatic animals have specialised limbs.
d. Arboreal animals have a stout chest.
e. Flesh-eating birds have sharp claws.
21st
IV.) Challenge Century Critical thinking
Skills
Assessment of learning)

1. Howdo animals likesnakes adapt to live in a hot desert?

2. What willhappen if tigers become extinct?
3. Why does the skin of water animals not get wrinkled despite being in water all
the time ?
4. Adolphin does not have gills like other fish, but lives in water. How?
DAssessment for learning)
V. Enrichment
Velue
A. Role Play 'tducatien Cooperation
should select one habitat. All the
Drvide the class into groups of five. Each group and role play. For this, students
each
students in that group should select one animal
their chosen animal. When astudent is role
need to collect deta1led information on
groups should guess the animal he/she is enacting. Students may wear a
playing, other headgear and mask to show the animal.
the character, or make a
Costurne toget in
Lfe Interpersonal: Communication
B. Debate Skills
animals
intervention has protected the lives of many
Conduct a class debate on 'Human extinction.'
on the Earth and prevented them from
 Century
21st Informationliterecy

C Project inhabit the polar regions and deserts. Create a

Skills
animals that
informationonsignificant differences between these animals,emphasising
Gather
highlightingtheand behaviours differ due to their distinct habitats.
report adaptations
howtheir
21st
Global awareness
Century
O scjenceQuest Skills
endangered animals. You may also find out about
Internet research on responsibilities.
Carry out an
(WWF), its roles and
World Wildlife Fund
Funway learning Riddie Time!)

have tail and fins

Ican live in small water bowls. I
Ocean.
Icanlive in a big Whoam I?

legs.I have green.

with my webbed feet and four
Ican swim and hop, amphibian. What is my name?
slippery skin. Iam an

have tail and feathers. I love to eat fruits.

I
laman aerial animal, with the letter 'P'. Who
am 1?
3 My name starts

21st
Century Observation, Analysis
PiCture Survey skills

picture clues carefully. Answer the following questions

Look at the given
in your notebook.
1. Classify the animals based on:
a. habitat b. food they eat.
2. Name these:
a. National AquatjÇ Animal of India
b. National Bird of India

c. National Animal of India

79
 Worksheet 2 Assessment for learning
A. Give one word for the following. Chapters 4-6
Parts of a plant that prepare food:
2. Part of aplant that grows
under the soil:
3. Ability to blend wellwith
the surroundings:
4
Movement of animals from one region to another,
according to the season of the year:
Whales and dolphins breathe through:
B.
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
Each question consists of two statements, namely, Assertion (A)and
Reason (K).
For selecting the correct answer, use the following code and write the correct
option in the given boxes.
a. Both Aand Rare true and R is a correct explanation of A.

b. Both Aand Rare true but Ris not a correct explanation of A.

C Ais true and Ris false.
d. A is false and R is true.
1 A: Shoot is the visible part of the plant that lies above the ground.
R: This part grows away from sunlight.
2. A: The structure of a leaf is well-suited for the functions of
photosynthesis and gas exchange.
R: Leaves have chlorophyll and stomata to support these functions.
3. A:Floating plants are spongy and have air-filled cavities.
R: These adaptations help them survive in water.
4.)A: Animals like polar bear that live in hot regions have a
very thick skin covered with fur that keeps them warm.
R: These animals have a very thick layer of fat under their
skin called blubber.
A: Carnivores are animals that eat the flesh of other animals.

R: They have sharp teeth and claws to grasp and tear the flesh.
 ldentify the type of root?

b Wite one important function of root

a Identify the given image.

b. What are non-green plants?

ldent1fy the given image.

b. What are extinct

aFimals?

81
 Practice Test Paper 1
7E Evaluste
the blanks.
A. Fill in
(Roughage/Vegetables)cannot be digested by our body.
nd final set of molars thnat most people get in their
late teens or early twenties
arecalled (wisdom/temporary) teeth.
(Saliva/Bile) is the watery tluid in the mouth.
the leaf is called
4 The flat, broad part of (lamina/stalk).
5
(Tulsi/Clove) buds are used to treat toothache.
(Banyan/Pine) isa deciduous tree.
6
h Raccoon is an/a .bANNNL......omnivore/carnivore).
Neu....Sparrow/Newt) isan example of an amphibian.
con . . Bear/Deer) is an omnivorou_ animal.
(10) The thick layer of fat in a polar bear is
called ubben (blubber/hump).
B. Identify the following pictures. Answer the questions that follow.

1. How are these objects i2. Howis this organ useful 3. What type of root does
useful for us? for us? it have?

4. How is it useful for a

plant?
15. Where is urine stored?
Y
:6. Give one feature of
this plant.

I. Wnat type of roots does :a What une of aguatic

this tree have? plant gs it an ampnibia
is it? terrestrial animal?

83
 C. Circle the odd one out.
1
Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitanmins, Minerals, Roughage
2 Canning,
3 Condensation, Deep freezing, Refrigeration
Molars, Canines, Enamel,
4 Premolars, Incisors
5.
Stomach, Kidneys, Oesophagus, Liver, Mouth
Seed, Stalk, Vein,
6.
Stomata, Lamina
Lotus, Cactus, Water
(7) lettuce, Tape grass, Water lily
Monkey, Squirrel, Lizard,
D. Answer the following Koala,(Whale
1. These foods questions.
provide
us
them in our diet? instant energy. Name them and
give examples. Why do we
2. Why are need
proteins called body-building food?
3. Why is roughage an
4. What are
important part of a balanced diet?
wisdom teeth?
5. Explain the
different types of human teeth. How can we take
6. Explain the human care of our teeth?
excretory system with the help of a diagram.
7. Explain the process of
digestion in the human body. Also, list any two healthy
8. Why should we avoid food eating habits.
wastage?
9. Howare plants useful for us?
10. What are insectivorous plants? Give
examples.
11. Distinguish between:
a. Root and shoot
b.Radish and grass
c Transpiration and photosynthesis
Habitat and adaptation
e. Deciduous and evergreen trees
f. Float1ngand fixed plants
9)Extinct and endangered animals

84