5

IndoreUniversity, Medi-Caps
Engineering Faculty
of MARISARS
Engineering CivilDepartment
of
scale
Centimeter
stirrer speed High "
Thermometer
to
0.5c° accurate
waterDistilled
mm
0.075 Sieve
watch Stop
0.0g1 accurate
to Balance
solution agent
Dispersing
ml
1000capacity ofjars
of number Two
Hydrometer "
Pan
Trays "
shaker Sieve "
Weight "
0.1g accurate
to Balance
"Oven
mm
0.075 and 0.1520 0.212, 0.425, 0.6, 1,
sieves2, analysis:
IS sieve fine For "
mm4.75 and 10 20, 63, 100, sieves analysis
:IS sieve coarse For "
Apparatus
Code 1.Sclassification
. per as determination
IS
and sizeParticle Analysis, Sieve
Object
Code 1.classification
S. per as
42ofPage5 determination
ISs and sizeParticle Analysis, Sieve Experiment
Title:
Experiment
3no- Engineering-I Geotechnical CE3CO27:
 at
at is cachobtained
is
sicVe sieve sieve and
on agent four
minutes
volume
Experiment
no top is
42 mn
mm retained
curve
of on 0.075 dispersingthe
the
7Page 4.75 soil
soildistribution that about
that
the and Wa
and such
top put top of ony-axis.be of
percentage
a
for
IS it. it
and the and the cover Let cc watermixture
size 100
detemination at sieve at shaker. sicve. Engineering
is is then finer
Particle with Add Indore
Medi-Caps
University,
sieve tightly. sieve the is the Engineering
ofFaculty
mmn and sieve soil stirrer.
find pcrcentage mm Stir
mm of4.75 mm sieve finer.
it the sieve. analysis 0.075 the cup,
size 100 clamp sievC. 2 percentage Cover mechanical Civil
bottom that sieve. top in and the
that cach cover cach i.c. of 7
Particle and such on grainedscale micronit. of Department
mnm sieve and on in volume
CE3CO27: such
Engineering
Geotechnical at
pan
shaker on
minutes.
retained sicves minutes.
retained and long soil
of
pan. 0.075 mm pan cup
Analysis, sieves and
findretained 75 put
passing minutes.
determination the fourth
sieve on of on
sicve the 10 soil soil set
of 4.75 with 10 soil and X-axis and in
Code of bottom sievesfor
set for second passing of
analysis
percentage dish sample
10 thrce
SieveS. first covering
it.
beforein sievesof of sicves soil
top weight
sieves weightweightanalysis the the of
on
size
for
of evaporating to
Title:per the the
on
the the at soil set the the graincdparticle
bottom. size gram gentlyabovecqual
as Arrange cover
bottom.
the the the sieve
Arrange pan the the cumulative
classification
Experiment Shake Find Find
Shake Find Particle
50 it the becomes
Put Put Put Put Put force Takewarm Take
Fine plotting Takc
ii. both Part:
b. iv. sieve; 1. 2. 3.
For by B
of ain Let knowing
percentage
through
follows: waterreading. bydivided
3Experimnent
no-
in and
42 soil neckvolume watervolume
of the as parts
marked.
followed. abe
6 ofweight
analysis
Page its with area rh.
IS
four
into
thisknown
are
are readings
upto differeneyaroncter
initial The the
filledreadings.
Let measured.
reading
and steps measured and
In divided reading jar analysis. :expression hydrometer Engineering
determination analysis.
a
sieving following
and the Indore
Medi-Caps
University,
is is
boundary the
h of volume is of
Engineering
Faculty
soil reading volume readinghydrometer
bottom
mechanical following and
by the hydrometer inserting two Civil
determined
size its hydrometer final twobetween to he
size mm and
neck height soil. of 6
by of the for the Department
Particle as grain4.75 used from oven-dry
known of paper
determination obtained
mcasured from
reading effective
Geotechnical
CE3CO27:
Engineering-I is on thanmm mm height cach
percentage
Based white be (h) obtained
Analysis, v by to hydromcter of
Sieve
Code
also
is
Analysis

larger
sieves.
4.750.075
mmn
soil to 0.002
sizs of mn to
analysis size
effective to is the be obtained
on neck hydrometer
kept
from
finding is jar
hydrometer
height
of
arca
is
-- betwccn quantity
analysis
Analysis
mm height plotted
IS. the is
grainsmaller D.075 than is The the the suitable
Title:per
as
A size
Sieve
part:
fraction
successive
individual
0.002 Particle
smaller
sizeSilt-size to
(hi) of by
findhydrometer
andof jar
volume
height cylnder of
volume
area
volume.
gives of effective
height
Hehl
7. grph
is
Sieve sieve
Coarse
a.
Take
classificationgrain
Experiment -Gravel
Sand- part:order height Part:
The Clay- The The The The the The The Procedure
B In the A A
Theory 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8.
1
 Experiment no- 3 Experiment no- 3
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1
Experiment Title: Sieve Analysis, Particle size determination and IS Page 8 of 42 Experimnent Title: Sieve Analysis, Particle size determination and IS Page 9of42
classification as per IS. Code classification as per I.S. Code
such that
4 After stirring transfer the mixture from cup to a l000 ml iar. Add vater to the mixture 0.150
the total volume of soil and water becomes 1000 ml. 0.075

5. Shake the soil water mixture in the jar by putting palm of hand in the open end. Shake the jar 1) Plot curve between percentage finer and grain size on semi-long graph
by tuming it upside down and back
for 60%
2) Find particle size for 10% finer, DI0 particle size for 30% fincr, D30 particle size
Immerse the hydrometer in the soil water suspension and take reading (rh) after 0.5, 1,2 and 4 finer D60.
minutes.
3) Find uniformity coefficient.
7. Remove the hydrometer, clean outside and then put it in second jar which consist distilled
water mixed with dispersing solution.
8. Put the bydrometer again in the take readings at 8,15,30 mninutes and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours
after the start of test. 4) Find coefficient of curvature.
(D30) 12
After taking cach reading put the hydrometer in the jar containing soil suspension and dispersing agent Ce (D60 xD10)
mixed to it
Observation and computations
Particle size determination
Sieve Analvsis
If the particle of size d (mm) falls through a height he (cm) in timet (minutes), we get
Coarse sieve analysis
Weight of soil taken for analysis d
Is sieve size Particle size Weight of soil Percentage Cumulative Percentage
retained (g)'
Where g= specific gravity of particles
(mm) (mm) weight percentage finer (n)
retained retained n-viscosity of liquid (gram- sec/ cm)
100 viscosity in absolute unit (poise)
63
The percentage finer (n) is obtained as
40
20
n0 0
Wz(G-3r
475 Where, wd= weight of dry soil taken (passing 0.075 mm sieve) initially
r= corrected hydrometer reading
Fine sieve analvsis
Weight of soil taken for analysisg
|Is sieve size Particle size Weight of soil Percentage Cumulative Percentage
(mm) (mm) retaincd (g) weight percentage finer (n)
retained retained

0.600
0.425

Department of Civil Engineering Departmnent of Civil Engineering

 Experiment no- S Experiest so5
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1
CECO27: Geotechnical Engineering of soil by Page 20 of 4Z
Experiment Title Te determine coefficient of permeability Experiment Title To detenine cocfficient of permeablity of sil by Pape 21 ef 42
Variable head method. variahle head methd

2 Open the hottom outlet whet stcady state conditin is reached then ote dwn the tme erval
Object akws fnal
To determine coefficient of permeability of soil by variable head method (t) required for the water level to fall froms known initial height (head) h
head h. Measure the heads hr and he fro the centre of eutlet
Apparafus mn height.
"Permearmeter mould- 1000 cc capacity, 100 mm diameter and 127.3 3. Repcat lest for four more times
Compaction cquipment-suitable static or dynamic cquipment
of 12 mm. provision Observation and computations
. Draiage base -withh porous disc of 12 mm thickness and dumy plate Length f specimcn ()
with water inlet/outlet connection. Diamcter of specimen (d)
concction. Arca of specimen ta)
Drainage base-withh porous disc 12 mm thick with water inlet outlet
Volume of specimen (v) cm

Constant head tank Temperature of water ()

mountcd on stand or fixed Arca of stand pipe ta) cm
"Set of stand pip glass stand pipes of diameter 5 to 20 mn suitably S.no Initial bead h Fnat bead h Time t Logs h h K(em sec
with the wall.
(sec) ios secl
(cm) (cm)
" IS sieves, mixing tray, graduated cylinder metric scale
Therometer, source of water ,balance, filter papers (10 cm diameter),reasc 2

Theory
The property of a porous material (like c which permits the scepuge ofwater through its
soil) wh ity of soil in the laboratory can by
interconnecting voids is known as permcability. The
nermcabily
determincd by constant head permeability test and falling hcad permeability test.
Precautions
1. Falling head permeability test: 1 Grease must be applied iberally betwcen mould, base plate and collar.

K-2.303 logo() 2 The porous stones used in permeability test must be saturated just befoee placng
Where a cross-scctional area of stand pipe (cm") 3. Before taking the observations, soid sanple must be completcly saturated.
(-)time interval (sco) for the head to fall from hi to h
hy initial head of water (cm) at time ti (sec) 4. The water is allowed to flow eut cof outlet upto the tine when stcaty fle esablibed an he
hy final hend of water (em) at time t: (sec) observations are taken.

Procedure
stand pipe.
1. Connect the specimen through top inlet to n sclected

Ruoineerino Department of Civil Engineering

 Experiment no-5
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-| Esperiment no&
CESCO27: Geotechnical Engineering
Experiment Title To detemine coefficient of permeability of soil by Page 22 of 42 Experiment Title: To detemne shear strength parameters of a soil Page 23 of42
variable head method.
sample at known unit weight and water content by direct shear test

Applications
The stability of carthen made hydraulic structures and its foundations is affected by permcability of Object
To determine shear strength paramcters of a soil samplc at known unit weight and ater
soil. Hence permeability is necessary to check the stability of hydraulic structures. content by direct shear test
Theory
The shear strength ofa soil is its maxumum resistance to shearing stress at failure The shear
strength depends on angle of internal friction (o) and cohesson (c), Coulomb has representod
the shear strength of soil by the following equatio
tan
the failure
Where t is the shcar strength of soil cis cohesion and c. is total nomal stress on
plane ando is angle of interral friction. Depending upon drainage conditions there are three of
shear tests

Undrained test
This is a quick test in which water is not allowed to drain out during the entire fest.

Consolidate undrained test

In this test soil is allowed tooconsolidate
e completely under the initially applicd noal
stress only and hcnce drainage is allowed. But during the shear test no drainage is
allowcd

Drained test
ln this test drainage is allowed through the test and hence no pore water pressureis
developed at any stage of the test.
Apparatus
. Shear box (60mmx 60 nmx50 mm)
Containcr for shear box

. Two plane and two perforated grid plates with serrations

. Two porous stones of6 mm thick
Loading yoke and loading frame
.Proving ring. static dynamic compaction device
. Dial gauges, balance, drying oven scale, weights, cans, sample trimmer
 Experiment n0
CE3C027: Geotechnical Engineering-1
Experiment Title: To detemine shear strength parameters of a soil Page 24 of 42 |CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 Experiment no- 6
sample at known unit weight and water content by direct shear test. Experiment Title: To determine shear strength parameters of a soil Page 25 of 42
sample at known unit weight and water content by direct shear test
Procedure
Observation and computations
The shear box is made of wo parts the upper part and lower part. Fix the two parts of Normal stress is calculated as
the shear box by the fixing serews. Put the base plate to the lower part of the shear box. Normal load+Weight of yeke
Place a porous stone in the lower part of shear box. Gn Area ef the zhear bex

Shear stress
For undrained test put the plane grid on the porous stone such that the serrations of the Shear orce
plane grid is perpendicular to the direction of shear. For consolidated drained and corrected area
dpiacement 0o
consolidated undrained tests replace the plane grid by perforated grid. Shear strain rs length ef specimen

Find the weight of shear box with base plate, porous stone and grid. Put the soil Water content normal stress and shear stress
specimen in the shear box. Find the weight of shear box with base plate, porous stone, Inside size of box =6 cmx 6cm thickness of sample (cm)
grd and soil. Put on soil specimen the grid, porous stone and loading pad. Area of box, ag = 36 (cm) volume of sample vu90 (cm')
Least count of proving ring (kg/div)
Put the shear box inside the container and then make contact of the upper part with
proving ring, To bring the saturated condition ofsoil, fill the container with water. |I 213 |45
Observation no
Before test
Place the loading yoke on the ball which is placed on loading pad. Mount a dial gauge
on yoke andother dial gauge on the container. Thc dial gauge on yoke measures a) Weight of empty can wi (g)
vertical displacement vertical displacement and the dial gauge on container measures b) Weight of can + wet soil, w2 (g)
the displacesent duce to shear ie, borizontal displacement. c) Weight of can + dry soil , w3 (g)
d) Weight of dry soil (wa)= (w-w) (3)
Te find normal stress, take the sum of weight of theloading yoke. This total load c) Weight of water (w.) = (w2- w) (g)
dividod by internal area of cross-section of shear box gives the normal stress. Let the ) Water content w+ x 100%
1W2
nomal stress be 0.5 kg/em
IL. During test
The soilahould oonsolidate fully for consolidated undrained and drained tests. g) Weight of yoke + normal weight = (kg)
h) Normal stress, 6 = (kg/efm)
Remove the fixing screws fruom the box and then make the three dial gauges to read i) Shear force at failure (kg)
zero Apply the shear load at constant strain. Record the readings of vertical and j) Shear stress at failure = (kg/cm²)
borizontal movement of vertical and horizontal dial gauge and at the same time the After test
proving ring reading which lcast count. k) Weight of can, w +(g)
I) Weight of can + wet soil, w: ()
Cotinuc the test when proving ring dial gauge reading begins to recede after reaching
20% of m) Weight of can t dry soil, ws (g)
mximurn or whn the shear displacementnt (horizontal displacement) bccomes n) Weight of dry soil wa=w-ws (g)
the specimen length o) Weight of water w =wa-ws (g)
p) Water content w- x 100%
W
Repeat the test for ormsalstresses 1,2 and 4kg'cm2 on identical soil sample. Find
water content of sample before and aftcr the test.
Normal and shear displacement shear stress and shear strain
Denartment ofCivil Engincering
 Experiment no- 7 Experimest no- 7
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-I
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 of a gvenPage 29 of 42
propertics of a given Page 28 of 42 Experimcnt Title: To determinc the consolidation properties
Experiment Title To deteTmine the Consolidation
soil sample sOil sarmple
gauge rending
Object
256,360, 600,1440 minutes from the time when load was applied The dial
To determmine the following consolidation properties ofa given soil sample should be taken for at least 24 hours
a) Coefficient of compresibility, a on the sample are0.5. 1. 2.4 and Skg cnr
6) Apply loads such that pressurc internsity applicd
b) Coefficient ofvolume change, m.
Repcat step 5 for cach pressurc intensity.
by S th of the last pressure Note the dal
c) Cocfficient of consolidation, c 7) After the last pressure applicd, decrcase the pressure applicd
gauge rading after 24 hours for the remaining pressure
d) Compression index, c previous pressure and reoord the respective
8) Continue reduction of pressure buy th of the pressure remains Take final dial gauge
e) Pre compression pressurc. P reading. Reduce thc pressure such that initial scating
reading after 24 hour
D Coefficient of permeability, k.
ring with sample. Remove any
9) Dismantle the consolidation assembly and then take out the
Apparatus
"Consolidormeter, loading device ., consolidation ring by using filter paper. Take the weight of ing with soil
surface water
dry soil
Porous stones, water rescrvoir, dial gauge, loading ram 10) Keep the ring with soil in over for 24 hours. Weight the ring with

Soil trimming tools like knife spatula Theory develops. The expulsion of pore water
When load is applicd on a saturated soil. pour water pressurc to cspulsion of porce water
.Balance, stop watch oven ,cans pressure reduces the volume of soil. The reduction of volurne of soil due
pressure is defincd as consolidation.
Procedure it for 15 minutes. Coefficient of compressibility (a)
1) Put the porous stone into distilled water and boil calculated as
It is defincd as the ratio of change in void ratio to the change in pressure. It is
stone on bottom
2) Assemble thc comsolidometer with ring having the soil specimen. Put porous Ae
soil sample.
as well as on the top of the soil sample. Put filter paper between porous stone and deformation Where e, void ratio at pressure a,
Mount the assembly on loading frame. Keep the dial gauge to measure the vertical E=VOid ratio at pressureo
of the sample
Coefficient of volume change (m)
level as that of
3) Conncct the consolidometer asscmbly with water reservoir which is an the sarme It is defined as change in volume per unit initial volume due to unit increase in pressure. It is
Applya scating
the sample The sarmple gets saturated due to the flow of water into the sample. calculated as follows:
soils to prevent
pressure of 0. 05 kg cm for ordinary soils and 0.025 kg/cm for very soft
Swelling of the sample. This pressure is to change in dial gauge reading or for 24 hours M.

to ead
4) Take the reading of the dial gauge after saturation of the soil sample. Make it dial gauge In terms of void ratio
M.
Zero

5) Apply normat load such that pressure intensity on the sample is 0.25 kglcm. Record the ial In terms of thickness

gauge reading at clapsed times of 0.0, 0.25, 1.0,2.05, 4,9, 16 25, 36, 49, 64, 81. 100, 169.
AH
M, =
 Experiment no- 7
CE3C027: Geotechnical Engineering-I Experiment no 7
CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1
Experiment Tnle: To determine the consolidation properties of a givenPage 30 of 42 Experiment Title Todetermine the consolidation properties of a given Page 31 of 42
soil sample
soil sample
Where Av is change in volume, v, is initial volumc,
ho is change in pressure, c, is initial void ratio and h. is the initial height. Time and conpressson for various pressures for square root of time fiting method peopoes y tayler
Coefficient of consolidations (c)
Pressure intensity (kg/cm-) 025 |0.50 19 20 40 KO
Time, t (minutes) Dial gauge reading in m
The coefficient of consolidation is calculated by following equations;
Cy 0.25 0.5
1.0 10
(logarithm of time fitting method suggested by casagrande) 15
2.25
C,= 4.0 2.0
(square root of time fiting method proposed by taylor) 9.0
Where h is half of the thickness of the sample for two way drainage. 16.0 4.0
The coefficient of consolidation belps in determining consolidation settlement. 25.0 50
36.0 60
Compression index 49,0 70
The slop of linear portion of the pressure void ratio curve on semilog plot gives compression index. 640 80
It is calculated as 81.0 9.0
Ce= 100,0 10.0
144.0 12.0
256.0 16.0
400.0 20,0
600.0 24.5
Coefficient of permeability 1440.0 38.0
It is obtained from the following equation
(24 hours)
cv ( J r
Time and compression for various pressures for logarithm of time fitting mcthod suggested by
Where e, is initinl void ratio, r is unit mass of water casagrande.
Pressure intensity (kgfcm) 0.25 0.50 L.0 20 4.0 80
Precompression pressure Time, t (minutes) Dial gauge reading in mm
Logt
It is determined by casagrande's method from the pressurevoid ratio curve drawn on semi log graph
paper ).25

Observation and computations 223

4.0
.0
16.0
25.0
36.0
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
 Experiment no- 2
CERCO27: Geotechnical Engineering-I Experiment no- 7
Experiment Title: To determine the consolidation properties of a given Page 32 of 42 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1
Experiment Ttle: To deterninc the consoldation progperties of a gven Page 33 of 42
soil sample soil saople
49.0 Pressure void ratio
646
81.0 Height of ring(h) Cm area of ring, a
Diameter of ring Cm volume of ring v (cm)
100.0
144.0 Specific gravity of soil.g" heiglht of soildh
256.0
400.0
600.0
1440.0 Applicd Final dial Change in Height of Void ratio A M.
pressure reading height ofsample bhh (cmkg (ckgi
(mm) sarnple Ah (cm)
Water control determination (kg/cm) Sh (cm)
Observations Before test After test
0.25
0.50
: Weight of cmpty ring (g) L.0
20
2. Weight ofring+ wet soil (g)
40
3. Weight of ring +dry soil ()
4 Weight of water () 8,0
5. Weight of dry soil wa 10.0
6. Water content.
w X10096
Applications
7. Degrce of saturation
S Soil data obtained from consolidation are useful for determining total setlement of foundation. time
required for total settlement for any given time and load.
 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-l Experiment no-8
Experiment Title: To determine the water content of soil by calcium Page 34 of 42 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-I Experiment no-8
carbide method Experiment Title: To detemine the water content of soil bv caleium Pape 35 of 42
carbide method
Object
This test is done to determine the water content in soil by calcium carbide method as per IS: 2720 (Part ix) Hold the unit horizontally, rotating it for 10 scconds, so that the balls roll around the inner
)-1973 t i a circumference of the body
ethod for rapid determination of water content from the gas pressure developed by
the reaction of calcium carbide with the free water of the soil.
From the calibrated scale of the pressure x) Rest for 20 seconds
gauge thc percentagc of water on total mass of wet soil is obtained and the same is converted to water
COntent on dry nass of soil. xi) Repcat the above cycle until the pressure gauge reading is constant and note the reading. Usually
Apparatus required takes 4 to 8 minutes to achieve constant reading This is the water content (m) obtained on wet mss
basis.
i) Metallic pressure vessel, with a clamp for sealing the cup,
percentage water content alongwith a gauge calibrated in xin) Finally, release the pressure slowly by opening the clamp screw and taking the cup out, empty the
contents and clean the instrument with a brush.
ii) Counterpoised balance, for weighing the sample
)Scoop, for measuring the absorbent (Calo
cium Carbide) Results
iv) Steel balls 3 steel balls of about 12.5mm dia, and I steel ball of 25mmn dia.
v)One bottle of the absorbent (Calcium Carbide) The water content on
on dry mass basis
wto
w-m[100-m] 100%
Preparation of sample
Coarse powders nay be ground and pulverized. Cohesive and plastic soil-Soil is tested with addition
of steel ball in thc pressure vessels. The test requires about 6g of sample.
Procedure

i) Set up the balance. place the sample in the pan till the mark on the balance
arm matches with the index mark

i) Check that the cup and he body are clean

im) Hold the body horizontally and gently deposit the levelled, scoop-full of
the absorbent (Calcium Carbide) inside the chamber.
JV) Transfer the weighed soil fron the pan to the cup.

v) Hold cup and chamber horizontally, bringing them together without

disturbing the sanple and the absorbent.
vi) Clamp the cup tightly into place. If the sample is bulky. reverse the above
placenent. that is, putthe sample in the chamber and the absorbent in the cup.
Vin) In case of clayeysoils. pace all the4 steel balls (3 smaller and 1 bigger)
In thebody along with the absorbent.
vin) Shake the unit up and down vigorously in this position for about 15 seconds

Departnent of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
 CEC027: Geotechnical Engineering-1 Experiment no- 9
Experiment Title: To detennine the MDD and OMC by modificd Page 36 of 42 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering Experimest no
proctor test Experiment Title To detemine the MDD and OMC by modifiod Pape 37ef 42
proctor test
Object
4. Remix the soil thoroughly Compact the moist soil in to the mould, wih the colar atchedn fve
To determine the water content - drydensity relationship for a given soil by Indian Standard heavy cqual layen, cach layer being given 25 blows (55 blows in case of2250 ml capacity ml) fro 49
compaction test and hence, to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the kg rammer dropped from aheight io 450 mm above the soil surface. The blows ould be nfly
gIven soil distributod over the surface of cach layer, The surface of esch layer of the conpacted sol hall be
roughened with a sputula before laying the net layers The final layer shall project ot mre than b
Apparatus
mm above the top of the mould afler the collar is removed.
LA cylindrical metal mould of capacity 1000 cm' with an internal diameter of 100 nm and an 5. Remove the collar and level off the compacted soil surface to the top of the mould carefully The
internal effective height of 127.3 mn or mould with capacity of 2250 cm with an intemal diameter of
150 min. The mould is fitted with a detachable basc plate and a removable extension collar of
record the mass of thc mould with the base plate and copacted soil
approximnately 60 mm hight. 6. Remove the compacted soil specimen from the mould and place it on the miing tray Kocpa
representatrve soil samplc of the specimen for water content determination
2.A metal ramner of 50 mm diameter with a circular face and mass 4.9 kg with a free fall of 450 mm.

3. Stecl straight edge about 30 cm in length and with one bevelled cdge
2.Mix the remaining soil swith the reminder of the originally mixed soil in the tray Add water in
suitable increments to the soil sample and mis the soil thoroughly and repeat the above procoune
4.4.75 mm IS. sieve 8. Conduct a minimurn of 5 deteminations such that the optimum moisture content lies witbin the
range
5. Balance-() with a capacity of 10 kg and accuracy of l g (b) with a capacity of 200 g and accuracy
of 0.01 g 9. Plot Indian Standard bcavy compaction curve (w Salong x-axis and pd along y-axis) Chin OMC
and pd max from the plotted cure.
6. Themostatically controlled hot air oven.
7. Airtight and non-corrodible containers for water content determination
1.900
8. Mixing tools like tray, trowel and spatula.
Procedure
1.800
1. Measure the inner diameter and inner height of the cylindrical mould and hence, calculate the
volume of themould. Compare then with standard values.
2. Take about 3kg ofair dried soil passing 4.75 mm IS sieve and mix it with a suitable amount of 1700
water depending on the sot
ype deravelly soils, an initial moisture conte
cOntent of4 to 69% 0.00 5.00 10.00 15,00 20.00
n 10)8% to (wp-8)% would be suitable, where
and for cohesive soils, an initial moisture cont
wp is the plastic limit of the soil). Keep the soil in a sealed container for saturation for a minimum Moisture content (%S)
period ofabout l6 hrs

3. Clcanthc mould with the base plate and record its mass. Attach the collar to the mould. Place it on a
solid base such as concrete floor.

Enoineerine
 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 Experiment no- 9
Experiment Title: To determine the MDD and OMC by modified Page 38 of 42 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-I Experiment no
proctor test Experiment Title: To deternine the MDD and OMC by modified Page 39 of 42
proctor test
Results and Discussions

Observations and Calculations (b) Determination of water content and dry density of the soil
1. Container No.

2. Mass of (container +wet

1. Type of soil: soil)
2. Specific gravity of the soil 3. Mass of (container +dry
3. Diameter of the mould (D) = soil
Cm

4. Height of the mould (H)= 4. Mass of waterg

CIm

S. Volune of the mould (V) 5. Mass of container g

CIm

6. Mass of the rammer = 49 kg Mass of the dry soil g

7. Free fall of the rammer 450 mm Water content (W) Ratio

8. Dry density (pd) g'em3

Specimen Calculations
Deternination No
1. Bulk density pb gicm3
(a) Determination of Bulk Density:
1. Mass of the (mould 2. Water content w
Compacted soil) g 3. Dry density = -g'em3
2. Mass of mould g

3. Mass of compacted soil (M)

4. Bulk density (pb) glem3

 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 Experiment no- 10

|Experiment Title: To detenine the MDD and OMC by standard proctor Page40 of 42 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-1 Experiment no- 10
Test
Experiment Title To determine the MDD and OMC by standard proctor Page 41 of 42
test
Objeet
To determine the water content-dry density elationship for a given soil by Indian Standard light
compaction test and hence, to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the plastic limit of the soi). Keep the soil in a sealed container for saturation for a minimum period of
about 16 hrs.
given soil.
3. Clean the mould with the base plate and record its mass. Attach the collar to the mould. Place it on a
Theory
Definiti
ution of compaction; necessity of compacting the soil in the ficld: standard Proctor and modified solid base such as concrete floor.
Proctor compaction tests (and their Indian Standard versions); compaction curves; optimum moisture 4. Remix the soil thoroughly. Compact the moist soil in to the mould, with the collar attached, in three
content and maxinum dry density: zero air voids line: line of from a height to 310mm
cqual layers, cach layer being given 25 blows from a 2.6 kg rammer droppedsurface
optimum; factors affecting compaction. of cach layer. The
above the soil surface. Thc blows should be uniformly distributed over the
Apparatus surface
ofeach layer of the compacted soil shall be roughened with aspatula before laying the next
1.A cylindrical metal mould of capacity 1000 cm3, with an internal diameter of 100 mm and an layers. The final layer shall project not more than 6 mm above the top of thec mould after the collar is
internal affoctive height of 1273 mm. The mould is fitted with a
removable extension collar approximatcly 60 mm high detachable base plate and a removed.
2.A metal rammer of 50 mm diameter with a circular face and mass 2.6
kg with a free fall of3 10 mm. 5. Remove the collar and level off the compacted soil surface to the top of the mould carefully. Then,
record the mass of the mould with the base plate and compacted soil.

6. Remove the compacted soil specimen from the mould and place it on the mixing tray. Keep a
representative soil sample of the specimen for water content determination.
7. Mix the remaining soil with the reminder of the originally mixed soil in the tray. Add water in
suitable increments to the soil sample and mix the soil thoroughly and repeat the above procedure.
3. A steel
straight edge about 8. Conduct a minimum of 5 determinations such that the optimum moisture content lies within this
30 em ir
length and with one range.
bevelled edge
44.75 nm e

5. Balunce
LS. sieve 9. Plot the Indian Standard light compaction curve (w %along x-axis and pd along y- axis). Obtain
10 kgg and
(a) witha capacity of OMC and pd max from the plotted curve.
accuracy of 1 g (b)
with a
accuracy of
capacity of 200 gand
6
0.01 g 1.900
controllod bot Thermostatically
ir oven.
7. Airtight snd no-ooodible coetainers for water content determination
8. Mixing tools lke try, trowcl and spatula 1.800

Procedure
1. Measure the inner diameter and iner height of the cylindrical mould and hence. calculate the 6 1700
000 500 10.00 1500 20.00
volume of the mould Compare thes swih standard values
Mosture content (%)
2. Take about 3 kg of air driod sod paing 4.75en 1S sicve and mixit with a suitable
amount of
depending on the soil type (Fot sandy and grevelly soils an inital moisture content of4 to 69% and water
for
cohesive soils, an inital mosture ootent of (wp- 1k to (wp-sewould be suitable, where wp is the
Departmest of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Eagineering Department of Civil Enginecring
MRELCAP
Faculty of Engineering
 CE3CO27: Geotechnical Engineering-| Experiment no- 10
Experiment Title: To determnine the MDD and OMC by standard proctor Page 42 of 42
test

Results and Diseussions

Observations and Calculations
1. Type of soil:
2. Specific gravity of the soil:
3. Diameter of the mould (D):
Cm
4. Height of the mould (H)=
Cm
5. Volume of the mould (V)
cm
6. Mass of the ammer 2.5 kg
7. Free fall of the
rammer=310 mnm
Determination No 2
(a) Determination of Bulk Density:
1. Mass of the (mould +
Compacted soil) g
2. Mass of mould g
3. Mass of compacted soil (M)

4. Bulk density (pb) g/em3

(b) Determination of water content and dry density of the soil

1. Container No.
2. Mass of (container + wet
soil)
3. Mass of (container + dry
soil)
4. Mass of waterg
5. Mass of container g
6. Mass of the dry soil g
7. Water content (w) Ratio
8. Dry density (pd) g/em3

Specimen Calculations
1. Bulk density = pb g/cm3
2. Water content =w=
3. Dry density g/cm3