ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT

College of Engineering & Technology

Construction & Building Engineering Department
Fall 2019-2020

Course / Code: CB 444

Student Names & 1-Abdullah Tariq Al-Shater 13107735

Registration Number:
2-Aly Taher Elkerdany 13107113

3-Khaled Magdi 12101130

4-Islam Mohammad Ibrahim 12103138

5-Ahmed Ali younis 12102681

Evaluation:

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1) Student Number

Report Score (20)

Oral Discussion Score (20)

Total Score (40)

Lecturer Name: Prof Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd

Date: 9 / 6 Signature:
/2020

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Contents
Design of compression members......................................................................................................................3
A. ASD design according to ECP code ……………………………………………………………………. 3
Section selection.........................................................................................................................................3
Check of construction.................................................................................................................................3
check stiffness.............................................................................................................................................4
check of strength.........................................................................................................................................4
Check length t depth...................................................................................................................................4
Check spacer location.................................................................................................................................4
B. LRFD design according to ECP code…………………………………………………………………….4
Section selection.........................................................................................................................................4
Check of construction.................................................................................................................................5
check stiffness.............................................................................................................................................5
check of strength.........................................................................................................................................6
Check length t depth...................................................................................................................................6
Check spacer location.................................................................................................................................6
C. LRFD design according to Eurocode 3 : EN 1993……………………………………………………….6
Cross section classification.........................................................................................................................6
Resistance of Cross Section to Compression..............................................................................................6
Buckling Resistance of Member in Compression.......................................................................................7
D. LRFD design according to American code AISC 360-16………………………………………………..9
MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS.............................................................................................9
Slenderness...............................................................................................................................................10
Check of strength......................................................................................................................................10
E. Comparisons between the four codes…………………………………………………………………...11
Example....................................................................................................................................................11
1.Check with ECP (ASD)...………………………………………………………………..……………11
2.Check with ECP (LRFD)………………………...……………………………………………………11
3.Check with EN 1993………………………………………………………………………………….12
4.Check with EN 1993………………………………………………………………………………….12
5.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………….13
F. References Codes……………………………………………………………………………………….13

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 Design of compression members
A.ASD design according to ECP code
Section selection
 Using C & Lbx & Chart 1 Determine section 1
 Using C & Lbx & Chart 1 Determine section 1
 Use the minimum of (section 1 & section 2)
o C = Compression force
o Lbx = Buckling length in X direction
o Lby = Buckling length in y direction
 Example For chart 1 & chart 2:

Check of construction
 For only angle profile
 a >= 3d + t
o a & t from section properties
o d bolt diameter
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check stiffness
 λx = Lbx / rx
 λy = Lby / ry
 λmax = min of (λx& λx) =< 180
o rx & ry from section properties
o Lbx = Buckling length in X direction
o Lby = Buckling length in y direction
 For single angle  λmax = λv
 For 2 angle star shape  λmax = λz

check of strength
 Fact = C / A < Fc
o Fact = Actual stress
o C = compression force
o A = Cross Section Area
o Fc = Allowable compression stress (from table 2.5a (kl/r =λ)

Check length t depth

 For only angle profile
 L/a < 60
o afrom section properties
o L member length

Check spacer location

 For only Double angle profile
 λv = (L/2) / rv  λv <= λmax
o rv from section properties
o L member length

B.LRFD design according to ECP code

Section selection
 Using C & Lbx & Chart 1 Determine section 1
 Using C & Lbx & Chart 1 Determine section 1
 Use the minimum of (section 1 & section 2)

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 o C = Compression force
o Lbx = Buckling length in X direction
o Lby = Buckling length in y direction
 Example For chart 1 & chart 2:

Check of construction
 For only angle profile
 a >= 3d + t
o a & t from section properties
o d bolt diameter

13 Page 5 of
check stiffness
 λx = Lbx / rx
 λy = Lby / ry
 λmax = min of (λx& λx) =< 180
o rx & ry from section properties
o Lbx = Buckling length in X direction
o Lby = Buckling length in y direction
 For single angle  λmax = λv
 For 2 angle star shape  λmax = λz

check of strength
 Pu <= φc * Ag * Fcr
o Pu = Ultimate compression force
o φc = Resistance factor for compression = 0.8
o Ag = Gross Cross Section Area
o Fcr = critical buckling stress
 Fcr = Fy*(1-0.384*λc2) if λc <= 1.1
 Fcr = 0.648 * Fy / λc2 if λc > 1.1
o Fe = π2 * E / λmax2
o λc = (Fy/Fe)0.5
o E = Modulus of Elasticity

Check length t depth

 For only angle profile
 L/a < 60
o afrom section properties
o L member length

Check spacer location

 For only Double angle profile
 λv = (L/2) / rv  λv <= λmax
o rv from section properties
o L member length

C.LRFD design according to Eurocode 3 : EN 1993

Cross section classification
 E = (235/fy)0.5
 For Internal Compression Parts:
o Class 1 limit => c/t <= 33E
o Class 2 limit => c/t <= 38E
o Class 3 limit => c/t <= 42E

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Resistance of Cross Section to Compression
 Ned = The design value of the compression force
 NC, Rd (The design resistance of the cross-section for uniform compression) = A*fy/ YM0
o A = Cross Section Area
o Fy = Yield Strength
o YM0 = Partial Factors (Resistance of cross section) = 1.0
 Verification: (NEd / NC, Rd) < 1.0 ok

Buckling Resistance of Member in Compression

 Ncr (the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode) = π2 * E *I / Lcr2
o E = Modulus of Elasticity
o I = moment of inertia
o Lcr (Critical Buckling Length) = (Actual Length of Compression Member) *(Critical
Buckling Length Factor)
 λ (Critical Buckling Length Factor:)= (A*fy / Ncr)0.5
o A = Cross Section Area
o Fy = Yield Strength
o Ncr = the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode
 φ = 0.5[1 + α (λ - 0.2) + λ2]
o From Table 6.2 => Determine the curve
o From table 6.1 => Determine value of α
o λ = Critical Buckling Length Factor
o X (the reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode) = 1/ Ø +(Ø2 - λ 2)0.5 (X =< 1.0)
o φ = 0.5[1 + α (λ - 0.2) + λ2]
o λ = Critical Buckling Length Factor
 Nb, Rd (the design buckling resistance of the compression member) = X*A*fy / YM1
o A = Cross Section Area
o Fy = Yield Strength
o YM1 = Partial Factors (Resistance to instability) = 1.0
o X = the reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode
 Verification: (NEd / Nb, Rd) < 1.0 ok

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D.LRFD design according to American code AISC 360-16
MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS
The nominal compressive strength, Pn shall be the lowest value based on the applicable limit states of
,flexural buckling

Pn = Fcr * Ae

Where

Ae = summation of the effective areas of the cross section based on reduced effective widths, be, de or he

.Fcr = critical buckling stress

Note: The effective area, Ae, may be determined by deducting from the gross area, Ag, the reduction in area
of each slender element determined as (b − be)t

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Slenderness
 λx = Lbx / rx
 λy = Lby / ry
 λmax = min of (λx& λx)
o rx & ry from section properties
o Lbx = Buckling length in X direction
o Lby = Buckling length in y direction

Check of strength
 Pu <= φc * Ag * Fcr
o Pu = Ultimate compression force
o φc = Resistance factor for compression = 0.9
o Ag = Gross Cross Section Area
o Fcr = critical buckling stress
 Fcr = Fy*(0.658fy/fe) if λmax <= 4.71*(E/fy)0.5
 Fcr = 0.877 * Fe if λmax > 4.71*(E/fy)0.5
o Fe = π * E / λmax2
2

o E = Modulus of Elasticity

E.Comparisons between the four codes

Example
 Given data:
o Compression force = 30 ton
o Member length = 6 m
o Pinned Ends
o Material St 37
o Trail section = IPE 300
o Modulus of Elasticity: E = 2100 t/cm2

1. Check with ECP (ASD)

 Lbx = 6.0 m
 Lby = 6.0 m
 λx = 600/12.5 = 48
 λy = 600/12.5 = 48

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  λmax = min of (48& 48) =< 180 ok
 λmax / λall = 48/180 = 0.26
 Fact = 30/53.8 = 0.56
 λmax < 100 so:
 Fc = 1.4-0.000065 *482 = 1.25
 Fact < Fc  ok
 Fact / Fc = 0.49

2. Check with ECP (LRFD)

 Lbx = 6.0 m
 Lby = 6.0 m
 λx = 600/12.5 = 48
 λy = 600/12.5 = 48
 λmax = min of (48& 48) =< 180 ok
 λmax / λall = 48/180 = 0.26
 Fe = π2 * 2100 / 482 = 8.99
 λc = (2.4/8.99)0.5 =0.52 (λc < 1.1)
 Fcr = 2.4*(1-0.384*0.522) =2.17 t/cm2
 Pn = φc * Ag * Fcr = 0.8 *53.8*2.17 = 93.4 ton
 Pu = 1.5 * 30 = 45 ton < Pn  ok
 Pu / Pn = 45/93.4 = 0.48

3. Check with EN 1993

 E = (235/240)0.5 = 0.99
 For Internal Compression Parts:
o Class 1 limit => c/t <= 33*0.99 = 32.67
o Class 2 limit => c/t <= 38*0.99 = 37.62
o Class 3 limit => c/t <= 42*0.99 = 41.58
o c/t = 5.28 class 1
 Ned = 300 kn
 NC, Rd = 538*240*10-3/ 1.0 = 129.12
 Verification:
 (NEd / NC, Rd) = 129.12 / 300 = 0.43 < 1.0 ok
 Ncr = π2 * 210000 *8356*104 / 60002 =4805897 N
 λ = (5380*240 / 4805897)0.5 =0.52
 From Table 6.2 => curve a
 From table 6.1 => α = 0.21
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  φ = 0.5[1 + 0.21 (0.52 - 0.2) + 0.522] = 0.67
 X = 1/ 0.67 +(0.672 – 0.52 2)0.5 = 0.92 (X < 1.0) ok
 Nb, Rd = 0.92*5380*240*10-3 /1.0 =1188 kn
 Verification: (NEd / Nb, Rd) = 300/1188 = 0.25 < 1.0 ok

4. Check with EN 1993

 Lbx = 236.22 in
 Lby = 236.22 in
 λx = 236.22/4.92 = 48
 λy = 236.22/4.92 = 48
 λmax = min of (48& 48) =< 180 ok
 λmax / λall = 48/180 = 0.26
 Fe = π2 * E / λmax2 = π2 * 29000 / 482 =124 ksi
 4.71*(E/fy)0.5 = 4.71*(29000/34)0.5 = 138 > λmax
 Fcr = Fy*(0.658fy/fe) = 34*(0.65834/124) =30.31 ksi
 Pn = φc * Ag * Fcr = 0.9 * 8.34 * 30.31 = 288 kips
 Pu = 1.5 * 30 /0.4536 = 99.21 ton < Pn  ok
 Pu / Pn = 99.21/288 = 0.43

5. Conclusion
EN ECP - ECP -
AISC Code
1993 LRFD ASD
0.43 0.43 0.48 0.49 Strength (Actual/all)
0.26 0.25 0.26 0.26 Stiffens (Actual/all)
 The most economic design code is (Euro code EN 1993)

F. References Codes
 EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND BRIDGES
(ALLOWABLE STRESSDESIGN - ASD)
 EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION (LOAD AND RESISTANCE
FACTOR DESIGN - LRFD)
 EN 1993-1-1 (2005) (English): Eurocode 3: Design of steel
 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)

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