Unit - I
1. Disaster Management is the systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks
of disasters. Principles include preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.
2. Disaster management cycle includes: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery. Principles
of disaster mitigation involve risk reduction, public awareness, and sustainability.
3. Types of disasters:
- Natural: Earthquakes, floods (e.g., 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami).
- Manmade: Industrial accidents, terrorism (e.g., Bhopal Gas Tragedy).
4. Disaster mitigation agency in India: NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority).
Organizational structure: Chaired by the Prime Minister, supported by State and District DMAs.
5. Structural measures: Dams, levees. Nonstructural: Public education, policies.
6. Organizational structure of NDMA: Includes Advisory Committees and Executive Committees.
7. Case Study: Bhopal Gas Tragedy or Uttarakhand Floods.
Unit - II
1. Vulnerability profile: India is prone to earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones.
2. Factors affecting vulnerability: Poverty, urbanization, climate change.
3. Role of government agencies: NDMA, SDMAs, local bodies.
4. Disaster preparedness strategies: Early warning systems, community training.
5. Risk reduction stages: Prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery.
6. Lessons from COVID-19: Importance of healthcare systems, vaccination drives.
7. Case Study: Kerala Floods or Odisha Cyclones.
Unit - III
1. Flooding disasters: Kerala floods (2018), Assam floods.
2. Flood risk management: Zoning, early warning systems.
3. Mitigation tools: Embankments, afforestation, rainwater harvesting.
4. Drought Assessment: Case study of Marathwada, Maharashtra.
5. Causes of floods: Heavy rainfall, dam failures. Methods: Embankments, reservoirs.
6. Drought relief: Water conservation, crop management.
7. Case Study: Chennai floods, Marathwada drought.
Unit - IV
1. Landslides: Types - Rockfall, debris flow.
2. Geoenvironmental problems: Soil erosion, deforestation.
3. Mitigation measures: Retaining walls, afforestation.
4. Electrical resistivity method: Wenner, Schlumberger, Dipole-dipole arrays.
5. Earthquake vulnerability: Building codes, retrofitting.
6. Earthquake-resistant design: Flexible structures, shock absorbers.
7. Case Study: Nepal Earthquake, Malin landslide.
Unit - V
1. Role of insurance: Financial protection, risk-sharing.
2. Disaster-resistant construction: Use of resilient materials, seismic zones consideration.
3. Firefighting: Use of extinguishers, fire hydrants. Causes: Electrical faults, negligence.
4. Fire detectors: Smoke, heat, flame detectors. Extinguishers: Water, foam, CO2.
5. Rehabilitation programs: Housing schemes, skill development.
6. Cyclones: Evacuation plans, cyclone shelters.
7. Fire accidents: Smoke detectors, sprinkler systems.
8. Case Study: Odisha Cyclone, Uphaar Cinema Fire.
