1. Define scouring?
Scouring is the process of cleaning fibers, yarns, or fabrics to
remove natural impurities like oils, waxes, dirt, and other substances. It prepares the
material for further processing, such as dyeing or finishing.
2. Question: Write down the methods for removing natural
impurities from cotton during scouring.
Even though natural impurities of cotton are not soluble in water, they can be
removed by three methods:
1. Extraction, dissolving the impurities in organic solvents,
2. Emulsification, forming stable suspensions of the impurities in water and
3. Saponification, Converting the contaminates into water soluble components.
3. Question: Mention the advantages of aqueous scouring over solvent scouring.
Aqueous scouring is the preferred way of scouring fabrics because water is
nonflammable, non-toxic, plentiful and cheap.
4. Bleaching is the process of removing natural color impurities
from fibers, yarns, or fabrics, typically using chemicals like
hydrogen peroxide or chlorine-based agents, to make them white
or lighter in color.
5. Major bleaching agents
The major bleaching agents used in textile preparation are sodium hypochlorite,
hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite.
6. Briefly discuss the cotton scouring process.
1. Run fabric in a bath containing:
NaOH- 3.0 %
Surfactant -0.2-0.4%
Sequestrant - 0.1-0.2%
2. Process fabric at 100C in beck or jet
for one hour.
3 Rinse thoroughly.
7.
