Module 2 Study Guide
Basic Structure of a Java Program
class HelloWorld{
public static void main(String args[ ]){
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
class HelloWorld – defines a class, a template for an object of derived type HelloWorld
public – access specifier/modifier, the main method is declared public so that it is accessible as
part of the public interface of the program.
static – state of the method, it is static because it must be called before the class that hosts the
method is instantiated
void – It returns void because the Java interpreter does not expect to receive or process any
output from the class.
System.out.println( ) – The println method is one of dozens of methods in the System class. The
System class is a part of the core Java language package of the Application Programming
Interface (API)
Java Language Fundamentals
Identifiers are names that are given by the programmer as name of variables, methods or
functions, classes etc. The name used as an identifier must follow the following rules in Java™
technology:
Each character is either a digit, letter, underscore or currency symbol.
First character cannot be a digit.
The identifier name must not be a reserved word.
Java Comments are of three (3) types:
1. A single-line comment starting with //
2. A multi-line comment enclosed within /* */
3. A documentation or javadoc comment is enclosed between /** and */.
These comments can be used to generate HTML documents using the
javadoc utility, which is part of Java language comment.
JAVA DATA TYPES
Primitive Data Types
Type Width (in bytes) Min Value Max Value
byte 1 -128 127
short 2 -32768 32767
int 4 -2147483648 21474833647
long 8 Long.MIN_VALUE Long.MAX_VALUE
float 4 Float.MIN_VALUE Float.MAX_VALUE
double 8 Double.MIN_VALUE Double.MAX_VALUE
boolean (1 bit) true false
char 2 (unsigned) ‘\u0000’ ‘\uFFFF’
Derived Data Types
String
Date
Integer
Double
Long
Float
…
VARIABLES
Variable Declaration
Syntax: <datatype> <varName>; [= value;]
Example: String name;
int age;
double price = 55.66;
Assigning a value
Syntax: <varName> = value;
Example: name = “Maria Blanco”;
age = 22;
price = 200.50;
WRAPPER CLASSES
Java Wrapper Classes are used in converting one data type (such as a String) into another data
type (such as int or double). It is also used in wrapping a primitive value into an object.
Wrapper Class Primitive Type
Integer int
Float float
Double double
Long long
Byte byte
Short short
Character char
Boolean boolean
Basic Input and Output
In Java, you can simply use
System.out.println(); or
System.out.print(); or
System.out.printf();
System is a class
out is a public static field: it accepts output data.
class AssignmentOperator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Java programming is interesting.");
}
}
Output:
Java programming is interesting.
Difference between println(), print() and printf()
print() - It prints string inside the quotes.
println() - It prints string inside the quotes similar like print() method. Then the cursor moves to
the beginning of the next line.
printf() - Tt provides string formatting (similar to printf in C/C++ programming).
Java User Input (Scanner)
The Scanner class is used to get user input, and it is found in the java.util package.
To use the Scanner class, create an object of the class and use any of the available methods
found in the Scanner class documentation. In our example, we will use the nextLine() method,
which is used to read Strings:
import java.util.Scanner; // Import the Scanner class
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in); // Create a Scanner object
System.out.println("Enter username: ");
String userName = myObj.nextLine(); // Read user input
System.out.println("Username is: " + userName); // Output user input
}
}
Output:
Enter username: MyUsername
Username is: MyUserName
Scanner Input Types
