Handout 1
Generalities and reminders
Exercise 1 :
(I)
Equilibrium position
m
x(t )
( II )
m Non-equilibrium position
x min 0 x max
Graph a Graph b
Graph C
Consider a “ Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO)” where the generalized coordinate x describing the
oscillations is plotted the graphs above.
For each graph:
1- Find the period of oscillations “T”, the frequency “f” and the angular frequency “”.
1
2- Write the equation of motion that fits this curve. Find the initial phase , given that at t=0s,
v(0)= 0m/s for the graph (a) and (b) ; v(0)=-6 m/s for the graph (c) and v(0)= 6 m/s for the graph (d).
3- Write the equation in a complex form.
Exercise 2 : “ Kinetic energy ”
y +
Consider the cylinder shown in the figure alongside.
A
The cylinder rolls without slipping. H B
J
C
1- Calculate the translational velocity of the points F G
shown on the cylinder. Notice that it is the same E D
z I x
then calculate the translational kinetic energy
of the cylinder.
2- Calculate the angular velocity of the points
shown on the cylinder (Not to be confused with rotational velocity). Notice that it is the
same and then calculate the rotational kinetic energy as function of x (the coordinate of
translation).
3- Calculate the rotational velocity of the points A, C, I and F. Conclusion.
4- Calculate the total kinetic energy (as function of x) of the cylinder using both methods:
a- Koenig’s theorem.
a- The instantaneous axis of rotation method.
Given that: The instantaneous axis of rotation passes through the point I (because the total
velocity of the point I is zero).
Exercise 3 : “ Potential energy ”
System 1:
a- Establish the vertical displacement “h ” of the points G (between
the current position and the position at equilibrium), then
G
calculate
(M, L)
the gravitational potential energy
for the system 1.
System 1
2
System 2 :
O
a- Establish the displacement of the points A and B (between
(M, L)
the current position and the position at equilibrium),
then calculate the elastic potential energy for the system.
x G
b- Calculate the vertical displacement of the points G, then
k1
calculate the gravitational potential energy for the system xA
k2
2. x B
c- Calculate the total potential energy of the system and
then express it in its quadratic form. System 2
We give: OG=GB=L/2 and GA=AB=L/4.
Exercise 4 : “ Potential energy and reference of gravitational potential energy ”
For each of the three systems below:
Estalish with respect to by taking as reference of gravitational potential energy :
The reference 1, then the reference 2 :
a- The potential energy.
b- The potential energy in its quadratic form.
The oscillations are very small and the equilibrium position is given for =0.
(M, R)
- In the system 1: the rod of length l is massless and G Référence 2
x
the solid mass (M, R) is a cylinder with moment of inertia
1 l
𝐼𝐺 = 2 𝑀𝑅 2
m
Référence 1
Equilirium
position
System 1
- In the system 2: the rod of length l and mass M has
Référence 2
1
a moment of inertia 𝐼𝐺 = 12 𝑀𝐿2
L/2
k d
O Référence 1
G
(M,L)
System 2
3
- In the system 3: the solid mass (M, R) is a disk with (M, R)
moment of inertia 𝐼𝐺 = 𝑀𝑅 2
G Référence 2
d
Référence 1
m
k
System 3
