Solved Anna University Problems

(NOV/DEC 2010 - NOV/DEC 2019)

EC8651 - Transmission Lines and RF Systems

UNIT 3 - Impedance Matching in HF

Lines (Except smith chart)
UNIT 3 - IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN HIGH FREQUENCY
LINES
PROBLEMS
QUARTER WAVEGUIDE:
1. Design a quarter wave transformer to match a load of 200Ω to a source
resistance of 500Ω. The operating frequency is 200 MHz.
[EC6503-MAY/JUNE 2016](10 Marks) [EC6503-APR/MAY 2018](7 Marks),
[EC6503-APR/MAY 2017](6 Marks)
Solution:
Given: f=200MHz, ZR=200 , Zin=500 
For a quarter wave transformer, the input impedance is given by,
2
Z in  Z S  Ro
ZR
2
500  Ro
200
Ro = 316.22 
The wavelength is given by,

c 3  10 8
λ   1.5 m
f 200  10 6
 = 1.5 m
The length of quarter wave line is given by,
λ 1.5
sl   0.375 m
4 4
 s (Or) l = 0.375 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. It is required to match a 200 ohms load to a 300 ohms transmission line to
reduce the SWR along the line to 1. What must be the characteristic
impedance of the quarter wave transformer used for this purpose if it is
directly connected to the load? [EC2305-NOV/DEC 2010](4 Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZR=200 , ZS=300 
For a quarter wave transformer, the input impedance is given by,
2
Z in  Z S  Ro
ZR
 2
300  Ro
200
Ro = 244.95 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. An ideal lossless quarter wave transmission line of characteristic impedance
60 ohm is terminated in a load impedance ZL. Give the value of the input
impedance of the line when ZL = 0, ∞ and 60 ohm. [EC2305-MAY/JUNE
2012](6 Marks)
Solution:
Given: RO=60 , ZL=0 , ZL= , ZL=60 ,
For a quarter wave transformer, the input impedance is given by,
2
Z in  Z S  Ro
ZR

i) When ZL =0 

60 2
ZS  
0
ZS =  

ii) When ZL = 

60 2
ZS  0

ZS = 0 

i) When ZL =60 

60 2
ZS   60
60
ZS = 60 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SINGLE STUB MATCHING:
1. A single stub is to match a 400  line to a load of 200-j100 . The
wavelength is 3m. Determine the position and length of the short circuited
stub.
[EC6503-NOV/DEC 2019](8 Marks) [EC6503-APR/MAY 2019](8 Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZO=RO=400 , ZR=200-j100 , =3 m
ZR  ZO
K
ZR  ZO
200  j100  400  200  j100
K 
200  j100  400 600  j100

  0.2973  j0.2162  0.3676   143.973

Stub Location 1:


ls      cos 1 K 
4

ls 
λ
4  180 

 143 .973   180   cos 1 0.3676 
ls 
λ
4  180 

 143.973   180   68.432  
ls = -0.045 
(Note: The distance or position or location must be 0 to 0.5 . i) If the value is
more than 0.5 , then subtract 0.5  from it until the value comes <=0.5  and
ii) if the value is <0 , then add 0.5  to the value until the value becomes
positive)
Therefore, ls = -0.045  + 0.5  = 0.455 

Stub Location 2:

ls 
λ
4π

φ  π  cos 1 K 
l s 
λ
4  180 

 143 .973   180   cos 1 0.3676 
l s 
λ
4  180 

 143.973   180   68.432  
ls = 0.1451 
Since stub location 2 is lesser in value when compared to the stub location 1,
we select the stub location 2.
Therefore the location of the stub is 0.1451 
We selected stub location 2. so, its corresponding length have to be calculated.
The stub 2 length can be found from the length of stub 1.

Stub Length 1:

 1 K 2 
λ 1  
lt  tan  
2π  2K 
 

λ 
1  1  0.3676
2 
lt  tan 
2  180   2  0.3676 
 
λ
lt  tan 1 1.2649 
360 
λ
lt   51.672 
360 
lt = 0.1435 

Stub Length 2:
lt' = 0.5 - lt
lt' = 0.5 - 0.1435
lt' = 0.3565 

Summary:
The stub is located at a distance of 0.1451  or 0.4353 m from the load
and its corresponding length is 0.3565  or 1.0695 m
1. Location of Stub = 0.1451  or 0.4353 m
2. Length of Stub = 0.3565  or 1.0695 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Determine the length and location of a single short circuited stub to produce
an impedance match on a transmission line with Ro of 600  and terminated
in 1800. [EC6503-NOV/DEC 2016](8 Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZO=RO=600, ZR=1800
 ZR  ZO
K
ZR  ZO
1800  600 1200
K   0.5  0.5 0 
1800  600 2400

Stub Location 1:


ls      cos 1 K 
4

ls 
λ
4  180 

0   180   cos 1 0.5 
ls 
λ
4  180 

0   180   60  
ls = 0.1667 

Stub Location 2:

ls 
λ
4π

φ  π  cos 1 K 
l s 
λ
4  180 

0   180   cos 1 0.5 
l s 
λ
4  180 

0   180   60  
ls = 0.3333 

Stub location 1 is lesser in value when compared to stub location 2. so, we

select the stub location 1.
Therefore the location of the stub is 0.1667 
We selected stub location 1. so, its corresponding length have to be calculated

Stub Length 1:

 1 K 2 
λ 1  
lt  tan  
2π  2K 
 

λ 
1  1  0.5
2 
lt  tan 
2  180   2  0.5 
 
 λ
lt  tan 1 0.866 
360 

λ
lt   40.893 
360 

lt = 0.11361 

(If frequency is given, calculate  value. In this problem frequency value is not
given so, no need to find  value)

Summary:
The stub is located at a distance of 0.1667  from the load and its
corresponding length is 0.11361 
1. Location of Stub = 0.1667 
2. Length of Stub = 0.11361 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. A UHF transmission line working at 1 GHz is connected to an unmatched
line producing a voltage reflection coefficient of 0.5(0.866+j0.5). Calculate the
length and position of the stub to match the line. [EC2305-NOV/DEC 2010](8
Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZO=RO=600, ZR=1800, f=1GHz
K  0.5(0.866  j0.5)  0.433  j 0.25  0.5 30 

Stub Location 1:


ls      cos 1 K 
4

ls 
λ
4  180 

30   180   cos 1 0.5 
ls 
λ
4  180 

30   180   60  
ls = 0.2083 

Stub Location 2:

ls 
λ
4π

φ  π  cos 1 K 
l s 
λ
4  180 

30   180   cos 1 0.5 
l s 
λ
4  180 

30   180   60  
ls = 0.375 

Since stub location 1 is lesser in value when compared to stub location 2, so,
we select the stub location 1.
Therefore the location of the stub is 0.2083 
We selected stub location 1. so, its corresponding length have to be calculated

Stub Length 1:

 1 K 2 
λ 1  
lt  tan  
2π  2K 
 

λ 
1  1  0.5
2 
lt  tan 
2  180   2  0.5 
 
λ
lt  tan 1 0.866 
360 

λ
lt   40.893 
360 

lt = 0.11361 

(If frequency is given, calculate  value. In this problem frequency value is 1

GHZ)

C 3  10 8
λ   0.3 m
f 1  10 9

Summary:
The stub is located at a distance of 0.2083  or 0.0625 m from the load
and its corresponding length is 0.11361  or 0.0341 m
1. Location of Stub = 0.2083  or 0.0625 m
2. Length of Stub = 0.11361  or 0.0341 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. A 100 ohm, 200m long lossless transmission line operates at 10 MHz and is
terminated into an impedance of 50-j200 ohm. The transit time of the line is 1
s. Determine the length and location of a short circuited stub line.
[EC2305-MAY/JUNE 2012](8 Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZO=RO=100 , ZR=50-j200 , f=10MHz
ZR  ZO
K
ZR  ZO
50  j200  100  50  j200
K 
50  j200  100 150  j200

 0.52  j0.64  0.8246   50.91

Stub Location 1:


ls      cos 1 K 
4

ls 
λ
4  180 

 50.91  180   cos 1 0.8246 
ls 
λ
4  180 

 50.91  180   34.452  
ls = 0.1314 

Stub Location 2:

ls 
λ
4π

φ  π  cos 1 K 
l s 
λ
4  180 

 50.91  180   cos 1 0.8246 
l s 
λ
4  180 

 50.91  180   34.452  
ls = 0.2271 

Stub location 1 is lesser in value when compared to the stub location 2, we

select stub location 1. Therefore the location of the stub is 0.1314 

We selected stub location 1. so, its corresponding length have to be calculated.

Stub Length 1:

 1 K 2 
λ 1  
lt  tan  
2π  2K 
 

λ 
1  1  0.8246
2 
lt  tan 
2  180   2  0.8246 
 
λ
lt  tan 1 0.343 
360 

λ
lt   18.93 
360 

lt = 0.0526 

C 3  10 8
λ   300 m
f 1  10 6

Summary:
The stub is located at a distance of 0.1314  or 39.42 m from the load
and its corresponding length is 0.0526  or 15.78 m
1. Location of Stub = 0.1314  or 39.42 m
2. Length of Stub = 0.0526  or 15.78 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. A single stub is to match a 300  line to a load of (180+j120) . The
wavelength is 2 meters. Determine the shortest distance from the load to the
stub location and proper length of a short circuited stub using relevant
formula. [EC2503-APR/MAY 2014](8 Marks)
Solution:
Given: ZO=RO=300 , ZR=180+j120 , =2 m
ZR  ZO
K
ZR  ZO
180  j120  300  120  j120
K 
180  j120  300 480  j120

  0.1765  j0.2941  0.343 120.964 

Stub Location 1:


ls      cos 1 K 
4

ls 
λ
4  180 

120 .964   180   cos 1 0.343 
ls 
λ
4  180 

120.964   180   69.94  
ls = 0.3209 

Stub Location 2:

ls 
λ
4π

φ  π  cos 1 K 
l s 
λ
4  180 

120 .964   180   cos 1 0.343 
l s 
λ
4  180 

120.964   180   69.94  
l's = 0.5151 

(Note: The distance or position or location must be 0 to 0.5 . i) If the value is

more than 0.5 , then subtract 0.5  from it until the value comes <=0.5  and
ii) if the value is <0 , then add 0.5  to the value until the value becomes
positive)
Therefore, l's = 0.5151  - 0.5  = 0.0151 

Stub location 2 is lesser in value when compared to the stub location 1, we

select stub location 1. Therefore the location of the stub is 0.0151 
We selected stub location 2. so, its corresponding length have to be calculated.
The stub 2 length can be found from the length of stub 1.

Stub Length 1:

 1 K 2 
λ 1  
lt  tan  
2π  2K 
 

λ 
1  1  0.343
2 
lt  tan 
2  180   2  0.343 
 
 λ
lt  tan 1 1.369 
360 

λ
lt   53.859 
360 

lt = 0.1496 

Stub Length 2:
lt' = 0.5 - lt
lt' = 0.5 - 0.1496
lt' = 0.3504 

Summary:
The stub is located at a distance of 0.0151  or 0.0302 m from the load
and its corresponding length is 0.3504  or 0.7008 m
1. Location of Stub = 0.0151  or 0.0302 m
2. Length of Stub = 0.3504  or 0.7008 m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------