3-1 Name Date

Homework

Solve. Write a multiplication equation for each problem.

Miguel swam 6 lengths of the pool. Po Lan swam 3 times as far
as Miguel. Lionel swam _1_ as far as Miguel.
3
1 How many lengths did Po Lan swim?
18

Write the equation.

3 ⋅ 6 = 18

2 How many lengths did Lionel swim?

2
__
1
⋅6=2
Write the equation. 3

Chris cut a length of rope that was 12 feet long. Dayna cut
a rope 4 times as long as Chris’s rope. Benita cut a rope
_1_ as long as Chris’s rope.
4
3 How long is Dayna’s rope? 48 ft

Write the equation. 4 ⋅ 12 = 48

4 How long is Benita’s rope? 3 ft

__
1
⋅ 12 = 3
Write the equation. 4

Write two statements for each pair of treats. Use the word times.
5 Compare cookies and drinks.
There are 3 times as many cookies as drinks. Treat Number
There are __
1
times as many drinks as cookies.
3
24
6 Compare drinks and pizzas.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

There are 4 times as many drinks as pizzas.

There are __
1
times as many pizzas as drinks. 8
4

7 Compare cookies and pizzas.

There are 12 times as many cookies as pizzas. 2

There are ___

1
times as many pizzas as cookies.
12

Solve.

8 __
1
⋅ 18 = 6 9 __
1 of 12 = 3 10 __
1
⋅ 32 = 4
3 4 8

11 __
1
of 27 = 3 12
__
1
⋅ 56 = 7 13 __
1
of 15 = 5
9 8 3

UNIT 3 LESSON 1 Basic Multiplication Concepts 55

 3-1 Name Date
Remembering

Use the number lines to complete Exercises 1–3.

Thirds
0 1 2 3
3 3 3 3

Sixths
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Twelfths
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

1 If you run __
2
mile, how many sixths have you run?
3
__
4
6
5
2 If you measure __ meter, how many twelfths have you measured?
6 10
___
12
8
3 If you have ___ of a pizza, how many thirds do you have?
12
__
2
3

Write each fraction as a decimal.

76 =
_____ ___
7 = 49 =
____ 32 =
_____
4
1,000
0.076 5
10
0.7 6
100
0.49 7
1,000
0.032

Add or subtract.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8 0.28 + 0.43 = 0.71 9 0.7 + 0.04 = 0.74 10 7.8 - 1.95 = 5.85

11 Stretch Your Thinking Draw a diagram that shows __

1
times 30 equals 6.
5
Possible answer:

56 UNIT 3 LESSON 1 Basic Multiplication Concepts

 3-2 Name Date
Homework

Multiply.
1 __
2
⋅ 15 = 10 2 3
__ ⋅8= 6 3 __
7
⋅ 32 = 28
3 4 8

4 __
2
⋅ 27 = 6 5 3
__ ⋅ 56 = 21 6 3
__ ⋅ 16 = 12
9 8 4

7 __
2
⋅ 21 = 14 8 __
4
⋅ 35 = 28 9 5
__ ⋅ 28 = 20
3 5 7

10 __
4
⋅ 45 = 20 11 5 ⋅
___ 24 = 10 12 9 ⋅
___ 70 = 63
9 12 10

13 __
7
⋅ 18 = 14 5
14 __ ⋅ 80 = 50 15 ___
4
⋅ 45 = 12
9 8 15

Solve. Show your work.

16 Rebecca has 21 math problems to solve. She has solved
__
2
of them. How many problems has she solved?
7
6 problems

17 Tessa shot 36 free throws. She made 27 of them.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What fraction of her free throws did Tessa make?

3
__
4
3
18 A carousel has 56 horses. __ of them are white.
8
How many horses are not white?
35 horses

19 Nathan works at a hardware store. Today he sold

5
48 tools. __ of the tools he sold were hammers.
6
How many hammers did Nathan sell today?
40 hammers

UNIT 3 LESSON 2 Multiplication with Non-Unit Fractions 57

 3-2 Name Date
Remembering

Complete each exercise about the pairs of fraction bars.

3 __
__,6
1 What equivalent fractions are shown? 4 8

2 Identify the multiplier. 2

___
12 __
,4
3 What equivalent fractions are shown? 18 6

4 Identify the divisor. 3

Write each amount as a decimal number.

84
_____ 31564
_____ 1176
____ 876
_____
5
1,000
0.084 6
1,000
31.564 7
100 11.76 8
1,000 0.876

Solve. Write a multiplication equation for each problem.

Jonas has 8 sponsors for the school walk-a-thon.
Maura has 3 times as many sponsors as Jonas.
Trenton has __
1
as many sponsors as Jonas.
4
9 How many sponsors does Maura have? 24

Write the equation. 8 ⋅ 3 = 24

10 How many sponsors does Trenton have? 2

__
1
⋅8=2
Write the equation. 4

11 Stretch Your Thinking Hannah and Jo are driving

separately to a restaurant that is 60 miles away
3
from their town. Hannah drives __ of the distance
5
5 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
__
and Jo drives of the distance before stopping for
6
gasoline. Who has driven farther? How many
more miles does each driver need to drive to
reach the restaurant?
5
Jo has driven __ ⋅ 60 = 5 ⋅ (__
1
of 60) = 5 ⋅ 10 = 50 miles.
6 6
3
Hannah has driven __ ⋅ 60 = 3 ⋅ (__1
⋅ 60) = 3 ⋅ 12 = 36 miles.
5 5
Jo has driven farther. Jo has 10 miles to go.
Hannah as 24 miles to go.

58 UNIT 3 LESSON 2 Multiplication with Non-Unit Fractions

 3-3 Name Date
Homework

The campers in each cabin at Bear Claw Camp held a contest

to see who could walk the farthest in one day. Use the sign to
answer the questions. Write your answers as fractions.

1 The campers in Cabin A walked __

1
of the way to Otter
4
Ridge. How many miles did they walk?
13
___ miles
4

2 The campers in Cabin B walked __

2
of the way to Silver
3
Stream. How many miles did they walk?
16
___ miles
3
3
3 The campers in Cabin C walked __ of the way to
5
Fossil Cave. How many miles did they walk?
___
27
miles
5

4 The campers in Cabin D walked __

1
of the way to
6
Mammoth Mountain. How many miles did they walk?
25
___ miles
6

5 Which group of campers walked the farthest that day?

Cabin C

6 Show __
2
of 4 on the number line.
3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

0 1 2 3 4
8
__
7 Write __
2
of 4 as a fraction. 3
3
2__
2
8 Write __
2
of 4 as a mixed number. 3
3

Multiply. Write your answers as fractions.

8
__ 16
___ 20
___
9 __
2 10 __
2 5
11 __
7
⋅ 4= 7
3
⋅ 8= 3
6
⋅4= 6
40
___ ___
14 15
___
12 __
2 13 __
7 3
14 __
9
⋅ 20 = 9
9
⋅ 2= 9 8
⋅5= 8
26
___ 90
___ 60
___
__
2 5
___ 5
17 __
15
3
⋅ 13 = 3 16
12
⋅ 18 = 12 9
⋅ 12 = 9
UNIT 3 LESSON 3 Multiplication with Fractional Solutions 59
 3-3 Name Date
Remembering

Compare.

1 5 > __
__ 5 2 __
1 < __
1 3 8 > __
___ 6
6 7 5 4 10 8

4 6 < __
__ 7 5 __ 3
2 < __ 6 8 > __
__ 6
7 8 3 4 9 7

Compare.

7 0.54 < 0.65 8 0.207 < 0.342 9 0.5 > 0.47

10 0.76 > 0.67 11 0.22 < 0.41 12 0.6 > 0.06

Multiply.

13 __
4 ⋅ 20 = 16 14 __
2 ⋅ 21 = 14 5
15 __ ⋅ 24 = 15
5 3 8

16 __
1 ⋅ 36 = 4 3
17 __ ⋅ 16 = 12 18 __
2 ⋅ 14 = 4
9 4 7

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 ⋅
___ 6 8 ⋅
___ 64 3
21 __ ⋅ 45 = 15
19 24 = 20 80 =
12 10 9

22 Stretch Your Thinking Write a multiplication equation

using one whole number and one fraction that have
18
a product of ___.
8 3 = ___
18
Possible answer: 6 ⋅ __
8 8

60 UNIT 3 LESSON 3 Multiplication with Fractional Solutions

 3-4 Name Date
Homework

3 __
Tanith is using a number line to find __ ⋅ 2 . This is her work so far:
4 5
1 2 3 4
– – – –
0 5 5 5 5 1

1 2 3 4
– – – –
0 5 5 5 5 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

1 Explain Tanith’s work so far to someone at home.

3
2 Finish Tanith’s work by circling __ of each
4
circled fifth. How many 20ths did you circle altogether? 6
6 3
3 __2 ___ or ___
What is __ ⋅ ? 20 10
4 5
3 Use the number line to find __ ⋅ 5.
2 __
3 6
10
___
Label all the parts above and below. 18
1 2 3 4 5
– – – – –
0 6 6 6 6 6 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Solve. Show your work.

3
4 Four friends at a party popped __ of a bag of popcorn.
4
They ate half of what was popped. What fraction of the
3
__
popcorn in the bag did they eat?
8
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5 Ashley brought __7

gallon of lemonade to the party.
8
Her friends drank __
2
of it. How many gallons of
3
lemonade did they drink? ___
7
gallon
12

Multiply. You do not need to simplify.

___
2 8
___ 5
___
6 __
2
⋅ __1 =
7 3 21 7 __
4
⋅ __2 =
9 9 81 8 __
1
⋅ __5 =
8 6 48
___
24 8
___ 3
___
9 __
2
7
⋅ 12 = 7 10 __
4
5
⋅ __23 = 15 11 __
1
7
⋅ __35 = 35
9 9
___ 5 15
___ 5
5
___
12 ___ ⋅ __12 = 13 ___ ⋅3= 14 __ ⋅ __16 =
10 20 12 12 6 36

UNIT 3 LESSON 4 Multiply a Fraction by a Fraction 61

 3-4 Name Date
Remembering

Name the mixed number shown by the shaded parts.

5
5__
1
1__ 1__
1
1 2 2 7 3 3

Add.

4 454 + 0.65 = 454.65 5 80.55 + 0.91= 81.46 6 31.78 m + 6.2 m = 37.98 m

7 Show __
1
of 7 on the number line.
3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

__
7
8 Write __
1
of 7 as a fraction. 3
3

2__
1
Write __
1 3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
9 of 7 as a mixed number.
3
5
6
10 Stretch Your Thinking Solve for the unknown fraction.
2
Then divide and shade an area model to show the 5
equation. __ ? 10 .
2 ⋅ = ___
5 30
5
__
6

62 UNIT 3 LESSON 4 Multiply a Fraction by a Fraction

 3-5 Name Date
Homework

Multiply. Simplify first if you can.

1
6 = ___
12 ___
1
1 __
2
⋅ __
35 2 __
4
⋅ __1 = 18
5 7 9 8
2
1 1
5 8 = __
1 16
___
3 ___ ⋅ ___
24 15 9 4 ⋅ __8 =
___
2
17 1 17
3 3
3 9
3 ___ 5 15
___
5 __ ⋅
4 25
___
12 =
25 6 __ ⋅ __3 =
7 8 56
1
1
3 ⋅ __
___
1
__
1 1
5
___
1
___
1
7 2 =
10 3 5 8 ⋅ ___
16 25
2 =
40
5 1 8 5

___
1
___
1 ___
1 5 35
___
9 4
⋅ 7 =
15 10 __ ⋅ __7 = 6
35 12 6 1
5 3
1 2
6 = ___
2 1 ___
7
11 __
7
⋅ ___ 21 12 __
7
⋅ __2 = 12
9 49 8 3
3 7 4

13 Which fraction is not equivalent to the others?

3
___ ___
2 __
1 9
___ 10
___ 6
___ ___
7 100
____
15 10 5 45 50 40 35 500

Solve. Show your work.

3
14 In the town zoo, ___ of the animals are birds. Of the
28
birds, ___ are birds of prey. What fraction of the
4
15
animals at the zoo are birds of prey?
___
1
35
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5
15 Tuesday at the zoo, ___ of the visitors were adults. Of these
12
3
adults, ___ were men. What fraction of the people who
10
visited the zoo on Tuesday were men?
__
1
8

16 On Tuesday, ___
14
of the souvenirs purchased at the zoo gift
25
shop were stuffed animals. Of the stuffed animals purchased,
10
___ were bears. What fraction of the souvenirs purchased at
21
the zoo gift shop on Tuesday were stuffed bears?
___
4
15

UNIT 3 LESSON 5 Multiplication Strategies 63

 3-5 Name Date
Remembering

Add or subtract.

1 1__
4 + __
52 2 5__ 35
1 + __ 3 1__
2 - __
1
5 5 6 6 3 3
7__
1 9 1__
1
5 3
3 + __
5 8 - __
4 __ 5 7__ 35 6 6 - 4__
1
4 4 9 9 2
3 __
1
2 4__ or 4__
1 1
2
9 3
Subtract.

7 31,763 - 6.51 = 8 132.76 - 87.24 = 9 968.29 - 217.5 =

31,756.49 45.52 750.79

3 __
10 Use the number line to find __ ⋅ 2 . Label all the parts
4 5
above and below.
3 __
__ 2 = 6
___
4 5
⋅ 20
1 2
0 5 5 1

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

11 Stretch Your Thinking Write a word problem that will

use the equation __ ⋅ 8 = x in order to solve. Then
2 ___
6 10
simplify and multiply to solve.
8
Possible answer: Jacob scored ___ of the basketball team’s points in
10
Saturday’s basketball game. Two sixths of the points Jacob scored were
from free throws. What fraction of the team’s points did Jacob score
from free throws? __ ⋅ 8 = __
2 ___ 1 __
⋅ 4 = ___
4
6 10 3 5 15

64 UNIT 3 LESSON 5 Multiplication Strategies

 3-6 Name Date
Homework

Find each product by first rewriting each mixed number

as a fraction.
3 __
1 3
__⋅ 2__12 =
__ ⋅ 5 = ___
15 = ___
11 2 1___
7
⋅5=
___ ⋅ 5 = ___
17 __ 17 = __
81
7 7 2 14 14 10 10 1 2 2

16 __
3 2__
2
⋅ 4__1 =
8 ___
__ 56 =
⋅ 21 = ___ 11__
1
4 5__ ⋅3=
1 __
___ ⋅3=2
3 5 3 5 5 5 3 8 3 8

5 __
__ ___
12 ___
5 5
__⋅ 1__25 = ⋅ 7 = __
7
6 3 =
12 ⋅ 2__ ⋅ 11 = 33
9 9 5 9 4 1 4

49 =
7 3__
1
⋅ 3__1 =
__
7 __
⋅ 7 = ___ 12__
1
8 __
1 9 =
⋅ 3___
__ ⋅ 39 = ___
1 ___ 13
2 2 2 2 4 4 9 10 9 10 30

Solve. Show your work.

9 The bottom of Zeyda’s jewelry box is a rectangle with
3
length 5__ inches and width 3__
1
inches. What is the area
8 4
of the bottom of the jewelry box?
15
17___ square inches
32

10 The Patel family went apple picking. The number of

red apples they picked was 2__2
times the number of
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9
green apples they picked. If they picked 45 green
apples, how many red apples did they pick?
100 red apples

11 The art museum is 8__

1
miles from Alison’s house.
2
Alison has ridden her bike __
2
of the way there so far.
3
How far has she gone?
5__
2
miles
3

UNIT 3 LESSON 6 Multiply Mixed Numbers 65

 3-6 Name Date
Remembering

Add.

1 3 + __
__ 1 2 __ 3
1 + __ 3 5 + __
__ 1
8 6 5 4 6 8
13 19
___ 23
___
___
24 20 24

4 __
1 + __
2 5 __
2 + __
1
6 __
4 + ___
1
3 7 3 9 5 10
13
___ __
7 9
___
21 9 10

Use the Commutative Property to solve for n.

7 55,207 + 87,331 = 87,331 + n

n = 55,207

8 48.76 + 20.08 = 20.08 + n

n = 48.76

Multiply. Simplify first if you can.

__
1 3
__ __
1
__
2 3 =
__ ___
7 6 =
__ 3
11 __ 5 =
__
9
3
⋅4 2 10
10
⋅7 5 5
⋅6 2

__
2 __
2 ___
1
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
5
12 __ ⋅ ___
12 =
6 25 5 13 __
1
⋅ __4 =
2 7
7 14 __
2
⋅ __3 =
9 8
12

15 Stretch Your Thinking Complete the mixed number equation

that is represented by the area model.

5
__
__
1
⋅ 1__
2
=
2 3 6

66 UNIT 3 LESSON 6 Multiply Mixed Numbers

 3-7 Name Date
Homework

Solve.

3
__
1
4
⋅ __18 2 __
2 - __
3
1
9
3 ___
1 + __
10
1
5
3
___ 5
__ 3
___
32 9 10
__
2 __
1 + __
2 __ 3
1 + __
4
7
⋅ 12 5
5 3
6
4 8
___ 33
24 = __ 13
___ 5
__
7 7 15 8
5
7 __
7
⋅ __56 8 ___
11 +
12
3 9 __
4 - __
9
2
9
25
___ 3___
11 __
2
42 12 9

10 __
1
3
⋅ __18 11 __
7
8
⋅ __34 12 10 - __
1
9
89 = __
___
1 ___
21 ___ 98
24 32 9 9

Solve. Show your work.

13 Rodrigo’s fish bowl holds __
7
gallon of water. It is
8
now __ full. How much water is in it?
1
2
___
7
gallon
16
14 Kenya jumped 7__ 1
feet. Janet jumped 6__1
feet.
6 3
How much farther did Kenya jump?
5
__ foot
6
15 A group of hikers walked 8___ 7
miles to Caribou Cave
10
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and then 5__ miles to Silver Stream. How far did they
1
5
walk altogether?
9
13___ miles
10
3
16 A recipe calls for __ cup of flour. Estevan wants to make
4
__
1
of the recipe. How much flour will he need?
3 __
1
cup
4
17 A truck was carrying 2__
1
tons of sand. When it arrived,
8
__
1
only 1 tons of sand were left. How much sand was
2
lost along the way?
5
__ ton
8

UNIT 3 LESSON 7 Relate Fraction Operations 67

 3-7 Name Date
Remembering

Subtract.

1 3 - __
__ 1 2 __
2 - ___
1 3 __
7 - __
1
4 6 9 10 8 4
___
7 ___
11 5
__
12 90 8

4 6 - __
__ 1 5 __
4 - __
2 6 __
1 - __
1
7 3 5 3 2 8
___
11 ___
2 3
__
21 15 8

Sample estimates shown; accept

Estimate each sum or difference.
reasonable estimates.
7 6.759 + 2.099 9 8 $44.25 - $21.76 $22 9 14.6 + 2.4 17

Find each product by first rewriting each mixed

number as a fraction.

5 ___
5
10 __ ⋅ 3__13 =
__ ⋅ 10 = ___
25 = ___
21
8 8 3 12 12

23 __
11 3
4__ ⋅5=
___ ⋅ 5 = ___
23 =
23
5 5 1 1

12 1__
2
⋅ 3__4 =
__ ⋅ 31 = ___
7 ___
4 37
217 = ___
5 9 5 9 45 45

31 __ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13 6__ ⋅5=
1 __ ___ ⋅ 5 = ___
31 = __
37
5 8 5 8 8 8

14 Stretch Your Thinking Give an example that shows

how to use the Distributive Property to multiply a
number by a sum. All of the numbers you use should
be mixed numbers or fractions.
5 = __
Possible answer: __ 2
⋅ (2__
1 + __
) 2 ⋅ 2__
1 + __
⋅5=
2 __
3 4 6 3 4 3 6
__ ⋅ 9 + __
2 __
⋅ 5 = __
2 __ 3 + __
5 = ___
37 = ___
21
3 4 3 6 2 9 18 18

68 UNIT 3 LESSON 7 Relate Fraction Operations

 3-8 Name Date
Homework

Complete each fraction box.

1 2
__ 3
__
7 3
and __ 1
and __
8 4 2 5
3 > __
__ 6 > ___
5
>
__
8
3
7 > __
4
or __ 6
7 > __
8 8 >
1
or ___
5 2 10 10
3 = __ 6 = ___
13 = __
+
__
7 + __ 7 + __
15 + __
1 + __3 = ___
5 + 6 =
___ ___
11 = ___
11
8 4 8 8 8 8 2 5 10 10 10 10
- __
7 - __3 = __ 6 = __
7 - __ 1 3 - __
__ 6 -
1 = ___ 5 =
___ ___
1
-
8 4 8 8 8 5 2 10 10 10
__ 3 = ___
⋅
7
⋅ __ 21
⋅ __ ⋅ 3 = ___
1 __ 3
8 4 32 2 5 10

Solve. Show your work.

3 The Eagle Trucking Company must deliver __
7
ton of
8
5
__
cement blocks and ton of bricks to one place.
8
How much will this load weigh?
1__
1
tons
2

4 A truck carried 3__

1
tons of sand, but lost __
1
ton along
3 4
the way. How many tons of sand were delivered?
3___
1
tons
12

5 The trucking company also needs to deliver 1__

2
tons of
3
___
7
oak logs and 1 tons of maple logs. Which load
12
weighs more?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

oak logs
3
6 In a load of __ ton of steel rods, __
1
of them are bent.
4 8
How many tons of steel rods are bent?
3
___ ton
32

3
7 The company delivered 1__ tons of bricks to one building site.
5
__
1
They delivered 2 times this much to a second site. What was
2
the weight of the load the company delivered to
the second site?
4 tons

UNIT 3 LESSON 8 Solve Real-World Problems 69

 3-8 Name Date
Remembering

Multiply.

1 2,548 2 21 3 3,015
×
__5 ×
_ 45 ×
__6
12,740 945 18,090

4 33 5 65 6 215
×
_4 ×
_ 87 ×
__9
132 5,655 1,935

Find each product by first rewriting each mixed number as a fraction.

31 ___
7 4__
4
⋅ 2__
40 8 320 23
2 = ___ ⋅ __ = ___ = 11___ 8 6__
1
⋅ 10 =
___ ⋅ 10 = ___
62 =
62
9 3 9 3 27 27 5 5 1 1

23 ___
___ 46 = ___
5
3__ ⋅ ___
12 = ⋅ 12 = ___ 37 5__ ⋅3=
1 __
16 __
___ ⋅ 3 = ___
16 = __
31
9
6 13
6 13 13 13 10
3 5 3 5 5 5

Solve.

6 - __
11 __ 12 __
4 + __ 13 __ 9
7
2
7 9
2
3
2
3
⋅ ___
10
__ 3
4
1__
1 __
7 9 5

3
14 __
5
⋅ __58 15 8 - __
1
7
16 __
6
3
1 + __
8
3 55 = __
__ ___ 76 13
___
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
8 7 7 24

17 Stretch Your Thinking Write and solve a word problem

that requires multiplying two mixed numbers.
5
Possible answer: Taylor worked 6__ hours doing yard
6
work one weekend. The next weekend, he worked
1__
1
times as long as he did the previous weekend.
2
How many hours did Taylor work on the second
weekend? 10__
1
hours
4

70 UNIT 3 LESSON 8 Solve Real-World Problems

 3-9 Name Date
Homework

Predict whether the product will be greater than, less than,

or equal to the second factor. Then compute the product. Predictions may vary.

__ 10
1 4
⋅6=x 2 1__
1
⋅6=x 3 ___ ⋅6=x
5 9 10

Predict: x < 6 Predict: x > 6 Predict: x = 6

4__
4 6__
2
6
Compute: x = 5 Compute: x = 3 Compute: x =

4 __
2
2
⋅ __56 = x 5 5
__
6
⋅ __56 = x 6 1__
3
⋅5=x
1 __
6

5
__
Predict: x = 5
Predict: x < __ 5
Predict: x > __
6 __
5 6 ___
25 6
6
1__
1
Compute: x = Compute: x = 36 Compute: x = 9

Solve. Show your work.

3
7 James is 1__ times as tall as his brother. His brother
7
__
1
is 3 feet tall.
2
Is James’s height more or less than 3__
1
feet?
2
more
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How tall is James?

5 feet

8 South Middle School has 750 students. North Middle

13
School has ___ times as many students as South.
15
Does North Middle School have more or fewer than
750 students?
fewer

How many students attend North Middle School?

650 students

UNIT 3 LESSON 9 Make Generalizations 71

 3-9 Name Date
Remembering

Perry measured the foot length of four Foot Length

friends for a science fair experiment. Then,
9
he made a bar graph to display his results.
8.8
1 How much longer is Brennen’s foot than 8.6

Foot length (in.)

8.4
Clara’s foot? 8.2

    0.7 inch 8

7.8
7.6
2 What is the difference between the
7.4
longest foot and the shortest
foot? 0

ne

n
Ty

ar

ne
0.9 inch

en

Cl

en
   

ey

Br
Ch
Student Name
Solve.

___
7 __
1 ___15 __
1
3 ​ __ ​ ⋅ ​  4 ​ ​  ​
7 __ 4 ​  3 ​ 10​  4​
11 - __ 5 ​ __ ​ ​  7 ​ ​  10 ​ = 1​  2​
4 + ___
8 9 18 4 5 10

​ ⋅ ​  9 ​ ​ ___​
15
​ ​  5 ​ ​ __​ ​ ​  2 ​ ___
1 17 = ___2
6 ​ ___
9 - ___ 7 ​ ___
7 + __ ​  ​ 1​  ​ 8 ​ __
5 ___
12 12 3 15 3 15 15 6 11 22

Complete each fraction box.

___
​7 ​ and __
​  5 ​ __
​  4 ​ and __
​  2 ​
12 6 5 3
> ​ __​ > ___
​  7 ​ or ___
​  10 ​ > ___
5
​  7 ​ > ​ __
4 > __
​ ​  2 ​ or ___
​  12 ​ > ___
​  10 ​
6 12 12 12 5 3 15 15
__ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
+ ​  ​ + ___
5
​  ​ = ___
7 10
​  ​ + ___ 7
​  ​ = ___
​  17 ​ = 1​ ___ 5
​ + ​ __ 4 + __
​ ​  2 ​ = ___
​  12 ​ + ___
​  10 ​ = ___
​  22 ​ = 1​ ___
7
​
6 12 12 12 12 12 5 3 15 15 15 15
− __5 - ___ 7 = ___
​  ​ ​  ​ ​  10 ​ − ___
​  7 ​ = ___
​  3 ​ = __
​  1 ​ − ​ __​ − __
4
​  ​ = ___
2
​  12 ​ − ___
​  10 ​ = ___
​  2 ​
6 12 12 12 12 4 5 3 15 15 15
⋅ __
​  ​ ⋅ ___
5
​  ​ = ___
7 35 __4 __ 2 = ___
​  ​ ⋅ ​  ​ ​  ​ 8
6 12
​  ​
72 ⋅ 5 3 15

Stretch Your Thinking Write two multiplication equations

9
using fractions and mixed numbers. Write one equation
that will have a product greater than the first factor.
Then write another equation that will have a product
less than the first factor.
Possible answer: 1​ __ 4
​ ⋅ 2​ __
3 = ___
​ 3​  31 ​; 3​ __
1 __
​ ⋅ ​  2 ​ = ___
​  25 ​ = 2​ ___
1
​
9 8 72 8 3 12 12

72 UNIT 3 LESSON 9 Make Generalizations

 3-10 Name Date
Homework

Divide
5
__
1 5÷6= 6 2 9 ÷ __
1 =
45
5
___
11 = ___
11
3 33 ÷ 30 = 10 10 4 8 ÷ __
1 =
48
6
3
___
5 3 ÷ 10 = 10 6 4 ÷ __
1 =
36
9
___
1
7 100 ÷ __
1 =
600 8 1 ÷ 100 = 100
6

__ ___
1 ___
1
9 1 ÷ =
8 40 10 __
1 ÷
7= 56
5 8
___
1 ___
1
11 __
1 ÷
9= 18 12 __
1 ÷
5= 15
2 3

Solve. Show your work.

13 Alexander is dividing oranges into eighths. He has 5 oranges.
How many eighths will he have?
40 eighths

14 Carrie has 32 ounces of ice cream to divide equally among

10 people. How much ice cream will each person get?
3__
1
ounces
5

15 Nayati wants to swim 50 miles this school year. She plans to

swim __
1
mile each day. How many days will it take her to
4
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swim 50 miles?
200 days

16 Eric has __
1
of a watermelon to share equally with 3 friends.
3
How much will each person get?
___
1
watermelon
12

17 A gardener needs to pack 16 pounds of beans into 20 bags.

He wants all the bags to weigh about the same. About how
much will each bag weigh?
__
4
pound
5

UNIT 3 LESSON 10 When Dividing Is Also Multiplying 73

 3-10 Name Date
Remembering

Add or subtract.
3
1 2__ 2 4__
2 3 10__
1
4 3 2
5
- 1__ 5
+ 1__ - 3__
4
_8 _9 _5
1__
1
6__
2
6___
7
8 9 10

4 7 5 3__
2 6 8__
1
5 3
- 2__
1 + 45
__ 3
+ 1__
_6 _6 _4
5
4__ 8___
7
10___
1
6 30 12
Complete each fraction box.
7 8
5
__ 6
__
2
and __
2 and __
5 7 6 7
6 > __
__ 5 36 > ___
35
> __
2 > __2
or ___ 10
14 > ___ > or ___
5 7 35 35 7 6 42 42
6 5 36 35
+ __
2 + = __
2 ___
14 + 10
___ = ___
24 + __ + __ = ___ + ___ = ___ 1 29
71 = ___
5 7 35 35 35 7 6 42 42 42 42
__ 10 = 6 − __
__ 5 = ___
36 − ___
35 = ___
1
−
2 − __2 = ___
14 − ___ ___
4 −
5 7 35 35 35 7 6 42 42 42
__
2 __
2 = ___4 6 5 30 5
__ ⋅ __ = ___ = __
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 7 6 42 7
5 7 35

Predict whether the product will be greater than, less than,

or equal to the second factor. Then compute the product. Predictions may vary.
__ 3
10 __
9 2
⋅5=x ⋅5=x 11 1__
1
⋅5=x
3 3 6
Predict: x < 5 Predict: x = 5 Predict: x > 5
5 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
3__
1
5 5__
Compute: x = 3 Compute: x = Compute: x = 6

12 Stretch Your Thinking Draw a diagram to show how many

twelfths there are in 3. Describe a situation in which you
would need to know how many twelfths there are in 3.
Possible answer: An inch is ___ 1
of a foot, so the
12
number of inches in 3 feet is the number of
twelfths in 3.

74 UNIT 3 LESSON 10 When Dividing Is Also Multiplying

 3-11 Name Date
Homework

1 Consider the division problem __

1 ÷
3.
2
Describe a situation this division could represent.
Situations will vary.

Draw a diagram to represent the division. Then find the solution.

__
1
; Diagrams will vary. Check students’ work.
6

Write an equation. Then solve. Equations may vary. Show your work.
2 A rectangle has an area of 12 square feet and a length of
5 feet. What is its width?
5 ⋅ w = 12; 2__ 2
feet
5

3 A tortoise must walk ___

1
mile to visit a friend. He plans to
12
break the journey into four equal parts with breaks in between.
How long will each part of his journey be?
x = ___
1 ÷
4; ___
1
mile
12 48

4 Harry worked 7 hours last week. This is __

1
as many hours as
3
Aidan worked. How many hours did Aidan work?
__
1
⋅ a = 7; 21 hours
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5 Lin is a camp counselor. She is making small bags of trail mix

for campers to take on a hike. She has 2 pounds of raisins and
is putting __
1
pound in each bag. How many bags can she fill
8
before she runs out of raisins?
x = 2 ÷ __1
; 16 bags
8

6 Mr. Ramirez bought __

1
pounds of cashews. He divided the
4
cashews equally among his three children. How much did
each child get?
x = __
1 ÷
3; ___
1
pound
4 12

UNIT 3 LESSON 11 Solve Division Problems 75

 3-11 Name Date
Remembering

Add or subtract.

1 1__
1 2 6__
1 3 9__
1
8 4 3
+ 4__
2 5
– 4__ 8
+ 7__
_3 _6 _9
19
5___ 5
1___ 17__
2
24 12 9
5
4 5__
2 5 4 6 6__
7 8
+5___
11 – 2__
2 + 3__
1
__ 14 _5 _2
11___
1 3
1__ 10__
1
14 5 8
Predict whether the product will be greater than, less than, or
equal to the second factor. Then compute the product. Predictions may vary.
5
__ __ 3
7 ⋅9=x 8 7
⋅9=x 9 1__ ⋅9=x
5 8 5
Predict: x = 9 Predict: x < 9 Predict: x > 9
9 7__
7 14__
2
Compute: x = Compute: x = 8 Compute: x = 5

6
10 1__
1 __
⋅4=x 11 __ ⋅ __45 = x 12 __
2
⋅ __45 = x
2 5 6 5
Predict: x > __
4
Predict: x = __
4
Predict: x < __
4
5 5 5 8
___
1__
1 __
4
25
Compute: x = 5 Compute: x = 5 Compute: x =

Divide.

6 ÷ __
1 =
2÷3=
__
2
10 ÷ 3 = 3__
1
13 24 14 3 15 3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
4

___
1 ___
1
16 200 ÷ __
1 =
800 17 __
1 ÷
8= 32 18 __
1 ÷
6= 42
4 4 7

19 Stretch Your Thinking Harrison is playing a board game that

has a path of 100 spaces. After his first turn, he is __
1
of the
5
way along the spaces. On his second turn, he moves __ 1
fewer
4
spaces than he moved on his first turn. On his third turn,
he moves 1__
1
times as many spaces than he moved on his first
4
turn. What space is he on after three turns?
60

76 UNIT 3 LESSON 11 Solve Division Problems

 3-12 Name Date
Homework

Solve.
5
__
1 5 ⋅ __
1 =
3
2 5 ÷ __
1 = 15
3 3

3 __
1 ÷ =
2
___
1
4 27 ÷ 10 = 2___
7
8 16 10

5 5 ÷ ____
1 = 500 6 12 ⋅ __
1 = 1__
1
100 9 3

3
__ 10 = __
2
7 ⋅ ___
5 27 9 8 16 ÷ __
1 =
4
64

__ ___
1
9 1 ÷
10 = 50 10 10 ÷ __
1 = 50
5 5

3 9
11 __
1
⋅ 14 = 1__ 12 18 ÷ 20 =
___
8 4 10

Tell whether you need to multiply or divide. Then solve. Show your work.
Equations will vary. Possible equations are given.
13 A dime weighs about ___1
ounce. Jody has 1 pound
12
(16 ounces) of dimes. About many dimes does she have?
Divide; 192 dimes

14 Maddie has 180 coins. Of these coins, ___

1
are dimes.
12
About how many dimes does she have?
Multiply; 15 dimes

15 A rectangle has length 3 feet and width __

1
foot. What is the
4
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area of the rectangle?

3
Multiply; __ square foot
4

16 A rectangle has area 3 square feet and width __

1
foot.
2
What is the length of the rectangle?
Divide; 6 feet

17 Nisha wants to study 5 hours for the spelling bee. If she

studies __
1
hour per night, how many nights will she
3
have to study?
Divide; 15 nights

UNIT 3 LESSON 12 Distinguish Multiplication from Division 77

 3-12 Name Date
Remembering

Multiply.

1 134 ⋅ 5 = 670 2 44 ⋅ 21 = 924 3 7 ⋅ 57 = 399

4 4,507 ⋅ 3 = 13,521 5 36 ⋅ 76 = 2,736 6 1,928 ⋅ 6 = 11,568

Divide.
__ ___
1 ___
1
7 1 ÷ =
2 18 8 100 ÷ __
1 =
300 9 __
1 ÷ =
4 20
9 3 5

__
4
2__
2
10 4÷5= 5 11 12 ÷ 5 = 5 12 8 ÷ __
1 =
56
7

Write an equation. Then solve. Equations may vary. Show your work.
13 Marc is running 5 kilometers at track practice. He decides
to break the run into 3 equal lengths. How long will each
length be?
x = 5 ÷ 3; 1__2
km
3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
14 Stretch Your Thinking Using a whole number and a fraction
as factors, write a multiplication equation with a product
less than the whole number factor. Draw a picture to show
how the product is less than the whole number factor.
9
Possible answer: ___ ⋅ 3 = 2___7
10 10

78 UNIT 3 LESSON 12 Distinguish Multiplication from Division

 3-13 Name Date
Homework

Solve. Show your work.

1 Dan’s Ice Cream comes in cartons of two sizes. The large
3
carton holds 4__
1
pounds. The small carton holds 1__ pounds
2 4
less. How much ice cream does the small carton hold?
3
2__ pounds
4

2 Mac picked four baskets of blueberries. The weights of the

berries in pounds are given below. Order the weights from
lightest to heaviest.
5
__ 9
___ __
4 13
___
4 10 5 20
13 __ 9 __
___, 4 , ___ ,5
20 5 10 4

3 Four cones of Dan’s Ice Cream hold __

1
pound. How much
2
ice cream does each cone hold?
__
1
pound
8

4 If a dish of ice cream holds __

1
pound, how many dishes can
4
__
1
you get from a 4 -pound carton of Dan’s Ice Cream?
2
18 dishes

Solve. Give your answer in simplest form.

2___
7
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 + ___
5 3 ÷ __
1 = 15 6 1__ 11 =
16
5 4 16

9
___ ⋅ 2__13 = 1__
1
8 3
2__ ⋅6=
3
15__
7 2 5 5
14

13
9 __ 3 =
1 + __ ___
14
10 5 + __
__ 8 = 1___
3 5 15 6 9 18

___
1 3
___
11 __
1 ÷ =
4 12 __
2 - ___
1 =
8 32 5 10 10

5 - __
3
2___ __
1
13 3__ 11 = 14 14 __
7
⋅ __2 = 4
7 2 8 7

UNIT 3 LESSON 13 Review Operations with Fractions 79

 3-13 Name Date
Remembering

Use benchmarks of 0, __1

, and 1 to estimate the sum or
2
difference. Then find the actual sum or difference.

1 5 + __
___ 4 2 13 – __
___ 3
10 9 14 7 __
1
1 2
Estimate: Estimate:
85
___ or ___
17 __
1
Sum: 90 18 Difference: 2

3 8 – __
__ 7 4 13 + __
___ 3
9 8 14 4
Estimate:
0 Estimate:
2
___ 19
1
1___
Difference: 72 Sum: 28

Write an equation. Then solve. Equations may vary. Show your work.
5 A rectangle has an area of 20 square feet and a length of
6 feet. What is its width?
6 ⋅ w = 20; 3 __1
feet
3

6 Bailey attends gymnastics practice for 8 hours each week.

This is __
1
the number of hours that the gym is open for
4
practice. How many hours is the gym open for practice?
__
1
⋅ a = 8; 32 hours
4

Solve.
___
1 3
__
7 __
1 ÷ =
3 8 __
1
⋅3= 4 9 14 ⋅ __
1 = 2 __
1
4 12 4 6 3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
10 Stretch Your Thinking How is solving __
1 ÷
5 different
8
__
1
from solving ⋅ 5?
8
Possible answer: To solve __ 1 ÷
5, multiply __
1
by
8 8
the reciprocal of 5: __
1 __
⋅ 1 = ___
1.
To solve __
1
⋅ 5, first
8 5 40 8
5.
rewrite 5 as __ Then, multiply the two fractions:
1
__ ⋅ 5 = __
1 __ 5.
8 1 8

80 UNIT 3 LESSON 13 Review Operations with Fractions

 3-14 Name Date
Homework

These graphs show the instruments in two different high school

marching bands.

Carter School Marching Band Reagan School Marching Band

1
1 –
– 3 1
3 2 –
– woodwind 6
percussion 5 percussion
brass

4 1
— –
15 2
brass
woodwind

Solve. Use the circle graphs. Show your work.

1 The Reagan School Marching Band has three percussion
musicians. How many musicians altogether are in the
band?
18 musicians

2 There are 30 musicians in the Carter School

Marching Band. How many of them play brass
instruments?
12 musicians

Suppose both bands decide to combine and perform as one band.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3 What fraction of the band members will play a brass

instrument?
___
7
16

4 What fraction of the band members will play a percussion

instrument? 13
___
48

5 What fraction of the band members will play a

woodwind instrument?
___
7
24

UNIT 3 LESSON 14 Focus on Problem Solving 81

 3-14 Name Date
Remembering

Solve. Explain how you know your answer is reasonable. Show your work.
Explanations may vary.
1 James’s garden has a length of 12__1
feet and a width
4
of 9__ feet. What length of fencing will he need to
2
3
surround his garden?
5
43__ feet
Answer: 6

Why is the answer reasonable?

12__
1
rounds to 12. 9__
2
rounds to 10. The answer
4 3
should be about 12 + 12 + 10 + 10, or 44

Solve.
___
1 10
___
2 ___
1 ÷ =
11
3 33 3 6 ÷ __
1 =
3
18 4 2
⋅ __5 =
__
3 7 21

___ ___
1 __
7
2__
2
5 1 ÷ =
5 60 6 7 ⋅ __
1 =
8 7 __
1
⋅ 12 = 5
12 8 5

Solve. Show your work.

8 Kayla packs 4 boxes that weigh __
1
pound altogether. What
6
does each box weigh?
___
1
pound
24

9 Mrs. Blackwell put 4__2

grams on the scale during a lab in
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
3
5
science class. Then, she added 2__ grams to the scale.
6
How many grams are on the scale in all?
7__
1
grams
2

10 Stretch Your Thinking If you start with 1 and repeatedly

multiply by __
1
, will you reach 0? Explain why or why not.
2
No. Possible explanation: Each fraction has twice
the denominator as the fraction preceding
it: 1, __
1 __
, 1 , __
1 ___
, 1 , . . . The fraction will get closer
2 4 8 16
and closer to zero without ever reaching zero.

82 UNIT 3 LESSON 14 Focus on Problem Solving