Data Science roadmap
What is Data Science?
Data science is the process of using data to gain insights, make predictions, and solve
problems. It involves collecting, cleaning, and analyzing large amounts of data using various
techniques like statistics, machine learning, and programming. The goal is to turn data into
actionable knowledge for better decision-making.
1. Python:
Topics:
● Variables, Data Types, and String Manipulation
● Lists, Dictionaries, Sets, Tuples
● Conditional Statements and Loops - If-else, For, While
● Functions (Lambda)
● Python Packages - Installation and Usage with pip
● File Handling - Reading and Writing Files
● Error and Exception Handling
● Object-Oriented Programming - Classes and Objects
● Regular Expressions for Pattern Matching
● Data Handling with NumPy Arrays
Useful Resources:
Book - Python for Data Analysis by Wes McKinney (Pandas & NumPy focus).
Video tutorial - freeCodeCamp’s Learn Python - Full Course for Beginners [Tutorial]
2. Data Visualization:
Topics:
● Numpy
● Pandas
● Matplotlib
● Seaborn
Useful Resources:
Video tutorial: freeCodeCamps’ tutorial for data analysis
3. Mathematics:
Useful Resources:
Course: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability
4. Exploratory Data Analysis:
Topics:
● Understanding the Dataset
● Descriptive Statistics
● Data Cleaning
● Univariate Analysis
● Visualizing Data Distributions
● Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis
● Handling Outliers
● Feature Engineering
● Correlation and Covariance
● Data Transformation
● Dimensionality Reduction
● Time Series Analysis
● Categorical Data Visualization
● Feature Selection
● Handling Imbalanced Data
Useful Resources:
Course: Exploratory Data Analysis – Coursera
Course: Data Science and Machine Learning Bootcamp with R – Udemy
Video tutorial: Edureka - Exploratory Data Analysis
5. Databases:
Topics:
● Database Models: RDBMS, NoSQL (MongoDB, Cassandra), Graph Databases
● Database Design: Normalization, ERD, Keys & Constraints
● SQL Basics: SELECT, JOINs, Subqueries, Aggregate Functions
● Advanced SQL: Window functions, Indexing, Transactions, ACID properties
● NoSQL Databases: CRUD operations, Querying NoSQL, MongoDB basics
Useful Resources:
Course: SQL Programming
6. Machine Learning:
Topics:
● Supervised Learning
○ Regression algorithms (e.g., linear regression, logistic regression)
○ Classification algorithms (e.g., decision trees, k-nearest neighbors,
● support vector machines)
● Unsupervised Learning
○ Clustering algorithms (e.g., K-means, hierarchical clustering)
○ Dimensionality reduction techniques (e.g., PCA, LDA)
● Model Evaluation
○ Accuracy
○ Precision-Recall
○ F1 score
○ ROC-AUC
○ Confusion matrix
● Model Training
○ Train-test split
○ Cross-validation
○ Hyperparameter tuning
● Overfitting and Underfitting
○ Recognizing overfitting and underfitting
○ Techniques to mitigate overfitting (e.g., regularization, dropout)
○ Model complexity management
Useful Resources:
Course: Udemy Course (Paid)
Video tutorial: freeCodeCamp's video tutorial
7. Deep Learning:
Topics:
● Neural Networks
○ Basics of neural networks
○ Activation functions
○ Forward and backward propagation
● Advanced Neural Networks
○ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
○ Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
● Deep Learning Frameworks
○ Tools: TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras
Useful Resources:
Course: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/deep-learning
8. NLP & Computer Vision:
Topics:
● Natural Language Processing (NLP)
○ Text preprocessing (tokenization, stemming, lemmatization)
○ Sentiment analysis
○ Named entity recognition (NER)
○ Language modeling (using libraries like NLTK, SpaCy, Hugging Face)
● Computer Vision
○ Image Classification: Techniques and models
○ Object Detection: Algorithms like YOLO, SSD
○ Image Segmentation: Semantic and instance segmentation
○ Generative Models: GANs in computer vision
Useful Resources:
Video Tutorial: https://youtu.be/R-AG4-qZs1A?si=6VeksGEOfc3eP7G_
