About Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal(1623-1662) was a French mathematician,
physicist and philosopher. He developed the modern
theory of probability. He also formulated the concept of
pressure(between 1646 and 1648) and showed that the
pressure in a fluid is transmitted through the fluid in all
directions(i.e., Pascal's Law).
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To study Pascal's Law and its Applications.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
✔Matchsticks
✓ Bottle
✔Rubber Balloon
✓Twine
Theory
The pressure always acts normal to the surface.
The pressure force has no component tangential
to the surface.
The pressure force acting on the surface of
finite area which is in contact with the fluid is
distributed over the surface. The resultant force
is obtained by integration:
F_{p} = P dA
where A is the surface area.
Procedure
1. Prepare the matchsticks by cutting off the
heads of the matches and discarding the t
ends.
2. Fill the bottle to the brim with water.
3. Drop the matchstick-heads into the bottle
4. Cover the mouth of the balloon tightly ov
the bottle opening.
5. Press your finger on the balloon 'diaphrag
covering the mouth of the bottle.
Observation
The match heads will float on the top of the
water initially but as soon as the finger is
pressed on the balloon diaphragm, they will
begin to sink slowly to the bottom. However,
when the finger is lifted, the matchstick-heads
float up again.
Result
The match heads move down owing to the
pressure that is transmitted through the
water. When the finger is pressed down on
the balloon diaphragm, a small quantity of
water penetrates each match head, which
adds enough weight it causing it to sink. When
the finger is removed, there is ample air
pressure inside the match heads to force out
the water and make the match heads rise
again.
Pascal's Law is proven hence.
Applications
Hydraulic Lift: The image you saw at the
beginning of this article is a simple line diagram
of the hydraulic lift. This is the principle of the
working of hydraulic lift. It works based on
the principle of equal pressure transmission
throughout a fluid.
✔The construction is such that the narrow
cylinder is connected to a wider cylinder.
They are fitted with airtight pistons on either
end. The inside of the cylinders is filled with
fluid that cannot be compressed.
✔ Pressure applied at piston A is transmitted
equally to piston B without diminishing diminishi
the use of the fluid that cannot be
compressed. Thus, piston B effectively
serves as a platform to lift heavy objects
like big machines or vehicles.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
WITH IMMENSE PLEASURE, I EXTENT MY HEARTFUL
THANKS WHO HELP ME TO GO A LONG WAYIN
COMPLICATION OF THIS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT.
I ALSO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO MISS. JYOTI BEHERA
(PGT PHYSICS), WITHOUT HER VALUABLE GUIDANCE IT
WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO COMPLETE MY
PROJECT WORK.
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
CERTIFICATE
IT IS HEREBY TO CERTIFY THAT THE ORIGINAL AND GENUINE
INVESTIGATION WORK HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT TO INVESTIGATE
ABOUT THE SUBJECT MATTER AND RELATED DATA
COLLECTION AND INVESTIGATORY HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND
SATISFACTORILY DONE BY SOUMYAJEET BISWAL OF CLASS XI,PM
SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1, ANGUL .
MISS. JYOTI BEHERA MR. S CHAND
(PGT PHYSICS) (PRINCIPAL)
EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE
Index
➤Aim
➤About Blaise Pascal
➤Materials Required
➤Theory
➤ Procedure
➤Observation
➤ Result
➤Applications
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Website
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
2. Books
Comprehensive practical manual
S L arora
Ncert
