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Extragalactic Objects v1.0 1 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 2 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Observing
Extragalactic Objects
Within Host Galaxies

Alvin Huey

www.FaintFuzzies.com
Created: August 2024
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 3 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Observing Books by Alvin Huey

Hickson Group Observer’s Guide, Second edition

The Abell Planetary Observer’s Guide, Second edition
Observing the Arp Peculiar Galaxies, Revised edition

Observing Guides by FaintFuzzies.com

Herschel Objects – Parts I, II, and III

Selected Small Galaxy Groups
Galaxy Trios and Triple Systems
Globular Clusters – North of -50
Planetary Nebulae and Supernovae Remnants
The Local Group
Flat Galaxies
Abell Galaxy Clusters
Voronstov-Velyaminov Catalogue – Part I and II
Rose Catalogue of Compact Galaxies
Extragalactic Objects Within Host Galaxies
Variable Galaxies
Selected Shakhbazian Groups
Ring Galaxies
Palomar Compact Galaxy Catalogue
Object of the Week 2012 and 2013 – Deep Sky Forum

Copyright © 2024 by Alvin Huey

www.faintfuzzies.com All rights reserved

All Maps by MegastarM v5

All DSS images (Digital Sky Survey) http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/acknowledging.html
Front Cover: NGC 2207 PanSTARRS. See acknowledgements on page 355.

This and other publications by the author are available through www.faintfuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 4 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Table of Contents

Thanks ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9
Observing Tips ............................................................................................................................. 13
How to use the Field Observer’s Guide ....................................................................................... 14
Extragalactic Objects Within Host Galaxies Catalogue .............................................................. 15
Extragalactic Objects Within Host Galaxies Observer’s Guide .................................................. 21
Extragalactic Objects within Host Galaxies (Sorted by Host Galaxy) ...................................... 339
Additional Resources ................................................................................................................. 345
Revision History ......................................................................................................................... 357

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 5 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 6 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Thanks

I want to express my appreciation to several individuals for their support in this observing project.
First and foremost, I am very thankful to my wife, Julie, for encouraging me to return to the hobby of deep
sky observing after an 8-year hiatus. Her support has been invaluable as I compiled, researched, and wrote this
observing guide for advanced deep-sky observers.
I am also immensely grateful to Steve Gottlieb for his leadership in deep sky observing and for sharing his
observing notes on his website. His detailed notes have been instrumental in helping me identify observable
extragalactic objects.
I thank Scott Harrington for his honesty in determining what is observable, as well as for his valuable
contributions to the observing of extragalactic objects of galaxies within and outside the Local Group. His
insights and additions to the list of host galaxies have been invaluable.
I also want to thank Uwe Glahn for his incredible ability to pick up details with smaller telescopes than most
observers. You can see his sketches linked throughout this guide to see what is possible in telescopes from 14”
to 28”.
I also want to express my gratitude to Howard Banich for his exceptional articles and encouragement. His
sketching articles are phenomenal and strongly suggest that you read them.
Additionally, I thank Uwe Glahn, Steve Gottlieb, Scott Harrington, Akarsh Simha (in no particular order),
who offered suggestions that contributed to the improvement of this project. No book is perfect or even close to
perfect. Any errors left in there are entirely mine. If you see any, please contact me by email, which is on my
website.
Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the founders and contributors of the Deep Sky Forum for promoting
challenging observing projects. Their encouragement has been inspiring. I am full of gratitude for the
contributions of these individuals, as well as those unnamed, to the field of visual deep-sky astronomy, which I
could never have achieved on my own.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 7 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 8 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Introduction
This observing project was inspired by observing “bright” galaxies and seeing the little knots here and there
in many of them. Normally, I concentrate on observing very faint galaxy groups and interacting galaxies, so I
often miss out on examining the details in brighter objects. These knots could be various things such as an OB
association, an H II region similar to the Orion Nebula in other galaxies, or a super star cluster among other
extragalactic objects within the galaxy system. I thought it would be enjoyable to create an observing guide to
aid others in searching for these features. It's fascinating to understand the nature of these little knots in distant
galaxies that are much farther away than objects within our galaxy.

What are the Extragalactic Objects within Host Galaxies?

This section is intentionally brief as most of the readers are advanced observers and familiar with the nature
of H II regions, OB associations, and other such extragalactic objects. I’ll keep the comments focused on this
observing project and give a few ponderings as my mind wanders with imagination as an observer out there
somewhere, such as observing from a planet in one of those giant OB associations.
H II regions, also known as stellar nurseries, are where young stars of varying sizes are born. They are also
sometimes referred to as Star Forming Regions (SFR). Some of these regions are easier to see in nearby
galaxies due to the presence of numerous very hot, bright blue stars, which light up the surrounding gaseous
area and make it appear very bright. For instance, the well-known Orion Nebula, the closest major H II region
to Earth, is relatively small at about 20 light-years across. On the other hand, the Tarantula Nebula in the Large
Magellanic Cloud is a giant H II region at about 1900 light-years across. Despite being much farther away at a
distance of about 160,000 light years, it appears just a couple of magnitudes fainter than the smaller Orion
Nebula. In comparison, the Tarantula Nebula is almost 100 times larger and 1,000 times brighter than the Orion
Nebula. If the Tarantula Nebula were located at the distance of the Orion Nebula, it would appear much brighter
than the Milky Way.
OB associations are mainly concentrations of very hot blue stars with spectral classifications of O and B,
typically ranging between 10 and 50 solar masses, each with a luminosity 10,000 to 100,000 times that of the
Sun. They may appear as relatively bright knots in distant galaxies, often found in young early-type spiral
galaxies, irregular galaxies, or young dwarf galaxies.
One thing to imagine is if you were on a planet orbiting a sun-like star in an OB association, the sky would
likely be filled with stars as bright as magnitude -5 due to the abundance of supergiant stars. In fact, the sky
may never be totally dark due to the number of very bright stars. Think of hundreds of stars as bright or
brighter than Venus all over the sky.
Super Star Clusters (SSCs) are dense star clusters containing thousands of bright stars in a small area,
appearing as diffuse knots in distant galaxies. It is suggested that SSCs are precursors to globular clusters, as
bright young stars coalesce into a small area, exciting nearby H II gas and generating massive star formation.
Their formation and evolution are not fully understood, and current research is ongoing to uncover more about
them.1 If we lived on a planet orbiting around a star within an SSC, the “night” sky probably be never dark and
no deep sky observing could be had.
Supernova remnants and Planetary Nebulae are relatively rare, as most are too small and faint to be
observed at a distance beyond the Local Group. The Veil Nebula or the Crab Nebula, for example, would be too
faint to observe if they were in the Andromeda Galaxy or the Triangulum Galaxy. The brightest supernova

1
One such current work is Consiglio’s dissertation, see Consiglio, S. M. (2018). Super Star Cluster Formation, Effects, and
Evolution in CO with ALMA. UCLA. ProQuest ID: Consiglio_ucla_0031D_17331. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m54r2rx5. Retrieved from
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65x3355n
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 9 www.FaintFuzzies.com
remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud, N49, is mag 12.7 and lies just 160,000 light years distant. Even N49
would probably be too faint if it is located just beyond the Local Group or more than 4 million light years
distant. However, there are a few optically visible supernova remnants in galaxies outside the Local Group that
are observable in amateur telescopes. At least I won’t have to ponder what observing would be like next to a
supernova remnant as I’m pretty sure that the planet would be destroyed if a supernova occurred anywhere near
it!
Globular Clusters are present around almost every galaxy, but they are not easily visible at distances
outside the Local Group. I have only found one galaxy beyond the Local Group with observable globular
clusters using large amateur telescopes, which is a huge radio galaxy called Centaurus A. However, I am certain
that there are more galaxies with observable globular clusters, and I have overlooked them.
Observing Individual member stars of other galaxies outside the Local Group are extremely rare. The best
chance is probably Wolf-Rayet stars, which are super luminous stars. Dave Tosteson has managed to see such
stars shining at 18th magnitude in NGC 300.2 They should be visible with an 18 or 20-inch scope under dark
steady skies.
I have also included a few other types of objects from within or nearby host galaxies, such as a jet and an
ionized gas-ejected material, among others.

Building the Observing Guide

To kick off this project, I set out to compile a comprehensive list of galaxies with observable extragalactic
objects. My fondness for working with lists, as evidenced in my other observing guides, led me to embark on
this task. Surprisingly, I discovered there wasn't an all-encompassing list available, so I resolved to create one3
I began by delving into Hodge and Kennicutt’s journal article on H II regions in 125 galaxies4 as well as
Hodge’s article on H II regions in twenty nearby galaxies5 to establish a preliminary working list.
Subsequently, I assessed the observability of the identified knots with a large amateur telescope. This initial
effort yielded over 240 host galaxies. Thereafter, I expanded my search by consulting amateur observing books,
observing notes, and various other resources, resulting in the discovery of additional candidates.
To refine the list, I meticulously scrutinized images one by one and evaluated their potential for
observability. I sought guidance from several professional websites and utilized images from PanSTARRS6,
Sloan Digital Sky Survey7, and Palomar Digital Sky Survey8 to aid in identifying knots observable with large
telescopes. Drawing from my experience and understanding of what is feasible, I established a soft threshold of
a 36-inch telescope as the observable limit, given that telescopes with such an aperture size are commonly
available at major star parties. Following a comprehensive review of images from the aforementioned sources, I
reduced the list to approximately 150 galaxies with observable extragalactic objects.
When performing a detailed analysis of each host galaxy, I utilized various tools available to researchers to
locate journal articles and researched galaxies to identify H II regions, OB associations, and super star clusters,

2
Dave Tosteson, “The Farthest Star” Sky & Telescope (Nov 2019), 57-59
3
I should note that others also did a lot of work on researching objects with extragalactic lists, Scott Harrington comes to
mind. He has been doing it for more than 5 years at the time of writing. And many thanks to Scott to look through my list and made
some suggestions.
4
Hodge, Paul W. and Robert C Kennicutt, Jr., “An Atlas of H II Regions in 125 galaxies”, The Astronomical Journal,
Volume 88, no 3 (March 1983): 296–328
5
Hodge, Paul W. “H II Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies”, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 18, no
157 (1969): 73-124
6
https://outerspace.stsci.edu/display/PANSTARRS/
7
https://sloan.org/programs/research/sloan-digital-sky-survey#resources
8
https://archive.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/dss_form
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 10 www.FaintFuzzies.com
among other phenomena. NED proved to be an invaluable online resource for object identification, while
journal articles that explicitly labeled extragalactic objects were also leveraged and cited within the guide.
Furthermore, I employed the CDS tool in conjunction with Aladin to examine data and found the image features
of PanSTARRS, SDSS, and DSS within CDS/Aladin Lite to be particularly useful for validating whether
observed features were stars, background galaxies, or actual extragalactic phenomena within host galaxies.
Additionally, I utilized CDS and/or Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to verify the observability of "knots" in
DSS images. It is important to note that this analysis was conducted using NED, CDS, SDSS, and DSS, to make
informed judgments on observability with large amateur telescopes up to 36 inches. Drawing from over two
decades of experience and substantial observing time, I possess a respectable understanding of what is
observable. While acknowledging a possible tendency toward overenthusiasm for certain objects, it is
reasonable to expect that a significant number of features should be observable in telescopes ranging from 20 to
36 inches in size, with even the brighter knots being observable in telescopes smaller than 20 inches.
In addition to scholarly journal articles authored by professional astronomers, this field guide also
encompasses discussions on observable extragalactic objects within host galaxies composed by accomplished
deep-sky observers. For a more comprehensive exploration of the host galaxy, I would suggest perusing these
articles, as this guide intends to confine each host galaxy to a two-page spread to maintain a reasonable length.
In instances where an amateur deep-sky observer has penned a detailed observing article of a host galaxy, I
have deliberately abstained from marking every feature discussed in the article, instead providing references to
encourage the reader to access the article. Of the more than 150 host galaxies within this field guide, there are
approximately 15 host galaxies with an amateur-authored article.
Additionally, the guide explicitly excludes coverage of Local Group galaxies, most of which contain
extragalactic objects. Instead, a separate guide titled "Observing Local Group Members" is available on the
author's website. The author also intends to enhance the Local Group guide to match the level of detail found in
the current guide at some point in the future.
Furthermore, the observing guide is not exhaustive, yet it serves as a robust starting point for advanced deep
sky observers seeking to explore extragalactic objects within host galaxies. It is suggested that further resources,
such as professional websites like NED, CDS, Simbad, and DeepSkyForum.com, can be utilized by advanced
observers to access additional findings and insights.

Bonus objects
In recent astronomical observations, a couple of bonus objects have been of particular interest. Notably,
M87's jet and Hanny’s Voorwerp are among the intriguing subjects that have garnered attention. M 87's jet, for
instance, has been observed as a faint light blue ray shooting out from the center, particularly with a 30” or
larger telescope. It is imperative to positively identify the two very small galaxies that are also linear to the
center of M87, as they can be mistaken for the jet.
Hanny’s Voorwerp, on the other hand, represents an injected ionized gas from the host galaxy, IC 2497,
which is situated over 600 million light-years away. Observers should be mindful that given the considerable
distance, using a narrowband filter, such as Omega Optical NPB or Lumicon UHC, may not yield the expected
results due to the redshift, calculated to be about 24nm, which falls outside the narrowband filter bandpass
range9 Considering the substantial redshift, the primary O III lines at 500.7nm are shifted to 524.3nm, thus
necessitating the use of a very wide broadband filter to successfully observe Hanny’s Voorwerp. For instance,

9
For the O-III line, the wavelength redshifted from 5007 to 5243 angstroms, see Lintott, Chris J., et al, “Galaxy Zoo:
`Hanny's Voorwerp', a quasar light echo?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Oct 2009), 133

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 11 www.FaintFuzzies.com

the Astronomik CLS broadband filter, passing up to 535nm, was found to be effective in observing this
phenomenon. Additionally, the Sloan G filter has been employed by several observers with great success.

Encouragement
In this field guide, a curated selection of 158 host galaxies with extragalactic objects is presented, aimed at
providing a comprehensive overview of observable extragalactic objects for enthusiasts with access to large
amateur telescopes. It is important to note that this list presents an ambitious challenge, challenging even those
with access to a 36 inch telescope, or electronically assisted astronomy instruments.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 12 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Observing Tips
Observing extragalactic and other notable features within host galaxies constitutes a particularly
challenging visual observing program. The following observing tips aim to enhance the likelihood of perceiving
these features:
• A steady dark sky is key for resolving individual knots. Both steady AND dark skies.
• Maintaining fully dark-adapted eyes is essential. Even minimal sky glow, especially when the Milky
Way is visible above the horizon, can impact night vision. It is recommended to look at the dark ground
when not observing through the eyepiece, preferably with a hood over the head. Some individuals find it
beneficial to look downward for a few minutes before observing through the eyepiece.
• To further minimize ambient light, the use of a hooded vest is recommended. The hood should
effectively block all extraneous light, including sky glow and even the Milky Way at exceptionally dark
sites.
• Employing eyepiece guards can serve as an additional barrier against light entering the eyepiece. If an
eyepiece does not include a guard, it is possible to install one. More ideas can be found at
faintfuzzies.com/ObservingAids.html.
• Fatigue can hamper observation capabilities. Adequate rest, including napping, if necessary, is
recommended. Observing in a comfortable position, without straining one's neck or body, can also aid in
maintaining focus. Some fleeting objects would disappear when fatigued.
• Use high magnification, such as 300x or higher, is advised when observing knots.
• Low-glass count and high-transmission eyepieces are recommended. Despite advancements in glass
polishing and coating technologies, observable disparities persist between high glass count eyepieces—
such as premium wide-field eyepieces—and simpler premium Orthoscopic or Plossl eyepieces.
Comparative analyses have consistently shown that low-glass count eyepieces exhibit superior
performance. Additional information can be found under "Observing Tips" on the website, titled "Going
DEEP with simple eyepieces."
• Caution must be exercised when observing. Stars may appear brighter through the eyepiece than in DSS
and SDSS images, potentially leading to false positives. It is advisable to refer to annotated images and
take note of the positions of foreground stars.

Please post your observations of these extragalactic objects within host galaxies at deepskyforum.com. I'm
sure that other "extreme" deep sky observers would like to read them.
Any feedback or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. I strive to be as accurate as possible. Let me
know if there are any other host galaxies with extragalactic knots that you feel should be included.
I aim to keep this resource updated and made available to you, the deep sky observer.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 13 www.FaintFuzzies.com

How to use the Field Observer’s Guide
NGC 157 (Cetus) Introduction
E
N
This list was inspired by observing bright galaxies with a large
telescope and seeing all kinds of little knots here and there.
This guide was built to be opened flat with coil binding or something
similar, so the left page contains the finder charts, and the right page
contains the labeled DSS image with labeled knots. And the coil-
bound guide could be folded on itself with finder charts on one side
N
and details on the other side so it is easier to carry it up and down the
ladder if you are using a large reflector.
E

Hickson 3A
Left Page
MCG -1-2-34
The top panel is the naked eye field with the TelRadTM
Hickson 6A NGC 157 superimposed on the center of the Galaxy Group. The bottom panel
is a finder field of 4.5° across and 3.0° high. The finder field is wide
enough for the finder scope and detailed enough for those who
MCG -2-2-73
choose to use a low-power eyepiece as a “finder”. The limiting
NGC 151 magnitude of the field stars is typically set to 11.0. The field of the
Object RA Dec Mag Size iDSA DSS image is superimposed on the finder chart.
NGC 157 00 34 46.9 -08 23 42 10.4 3.0 x 1.7’ 63, 75

A table at the bottom contains the following: NGC 157 (Cetus)

• Object – The catalogue designation of the host galaxy
• RA and Dec coordinates in Epoch 2000.0 of the host galaxy
• Mag – the listed magnitude of the host galaxy
• Size – the listed size of the host galaxy
• iDSA – page number of the interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas (if the
page number is italicized, then the object is not plotted but on the
page.)10

Right page
The field of a DSS image, or on occasion an SDSS image, is noted at
the bottom corner. It ranges from 15’ to 45’ square. The individual
extragalactic objects within each host galaxy are labeled in most
cases, otherwise just marked. Most host galaxies have an inset image The SDSS inset image is labeled without the [HK83] annotation for clarity. For observing notes
with a 48-inch reflector, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 157. For a sketch with a 16”, see Uwe Glahn’s

from either SDSS or PanSTARRS showing greater detail. More often NGC 157.

than not, only the numbers of the annotations are included in the inset
to reduce clutter. Since PanSTARRS and SDSS do not cover the entire sky, in some regions neither is available.
Most objects have footnotes containing reference information, interesting articles in popular periodicals, and
observing notes and sketches by well-respected deep sky observers. The galaxy morphology type provided
follows the De Vaucouleurs system.11

Catalogues
Two lists are provided. The main list is the catalogue sorted and grouped by Constellation starting with
Pegasus and in the same order as this guide. It starts on the next page. The second list is sorted by Host
Galaxy Name is provided starting on page 339.

10
Ronald Stoyan and Stephan Schurig. interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
11
G. De Vaucouleurs. "Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies". Astrophysik IV: Sternsysteme / Astrophysics IV: Stellar
Systems. Handbuch der Physik / Encyclopedia of Physics. Vol. 53. pp. 275–310.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 14 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects Within Host Galaxies Catalogue
This Catalogue was arranged by Constellation starting with Pegasus working eastwards. All of my guides were
arranged in a similar fashion.

Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const

22 NGC 7331 22 37 05.1 +34 24 50 9.5 10.5 x 3.7' 28, D13 Peg
24 NGC 7448 23 00 03.6 +15 58 49 11.6v 2.5 x 1.2' 40 Peg
26 NGC 7479 23 04 57.3 +12 19 21 10.9 4.1 x 3.1' 40 Peg
28 NGC 7678 23 28 27.9 +22 25 17 11.8 2.2 x 1.7' 28, 40 Peg
30 NGC 7741 23 43 54.9 +26 04 26 11.3 2.3 x 1.0' 28 Peg
32 UGC 12856 23 56 45.3 +16 48 50 13.9 1.8 x 0.7' 40,51 Peg
34 NGC 470 01 19 44.7 +03 24 37 11.8 2.0 x 1.3' 63 Psc
36 NGC 628 (M 74) 01 36 41.6 +15 46 57 9.4 10.5 x 9.5' 51 Psc
38 NGC 45 00 14 03.9 -23 10 52 10.7 8.5 x 5.9' 87 Cet
40 NGC 157 00 34 46.9 -08 23 42 10.4 3.0 x 1.7' 63, 75 Cet
42 NGC 210 00 40 34.8 -13 52 28 10.9 5.0 x 3.3' 75 Cet
44 NGC 247 00 47 08.5 -20 45 37 9.9v 21.4 x 6.9' 75, 87 Cet
46 NGC 337 00 59 50.3 -07 34 43 11.6 2.9 x 1.8' 75 Cet
48 NGC 428 01 12 55.7 +00 58 56 12.1 2.3 x 2.0' 63 Cet
50 NGC 450 01 15 30.5 -00 51 39 11.5 3.1 x 2.3' 63 Cet
52 NGC 864 02 15 27.8 +06 00 09 10.9 4.7 x 3.5' 62 Cet
54 NGC 1068 (M 77) 02 42 40.8 -00 00 48 8.9v 7.1 x 6.0' 62 Cet
56 NGC 1073 02 43 40.3 +01 22 33 11.0v 4.9 x 4.5' 62 Cet
58 NGC 7793 23 57 50.3 -32 35 15 9.1 8.4 x 6.9' 76, 87 Scl
60 NGC 55 00 14 54.0 -39 11 34 7.9 32.4 x 5.6' 88, 99 Scl
62 NGC 253 00 47 33.2 -25 17 18 8.0v 27.5 x 6.8' 87 Scl
64 NGC 300 00 54 53.5 -37 41 03 9.0 21.9 x 15.5' 87, 99 Scl
66 NGC 625 01 35 04.6 -41 26 12 11.1 5.8 x 1.9' 98, 99 Phe
68 NGC 672 01 47 54.2 +27 25 51 11.4 6.5 x 1.8' 38, 39 Tri
70 NGC 925 02 27 16.3 +33 34 36 10.1 7.3 x 3.2' 38 Tri
72 NGC 278 00 52 04.3 +47 33 02 10.8 2.1 x 2.0' 27 Ari
74 NGC 772 01 59 19.2 +19 00 23 10.3 4.7 x 3.8' 50, 51 Ari
76 NGC 972 02 34 12.8 +29 18 34 12.1 2.4 x 1.0' 38 Ari
78 NGC 1012 02 39 14.9 +30 09 05 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 38 Ari
80 NGC 1156 02 59 42.3 +25 14 16 11.7 2.6 x 1.7' 38 Ari
82 NGC 1084 02 45 59.3 -07 34 38 10.7 2.6 x 1.6' 62, 74 Eri
84 NGC 1140 02 54 32.9 -10 01 37 12.5 0.9 x 0.5' 74 Eri
86 NGC 1232 03 09 44.8 -20 34 37 9.9 5.4 x 4.5' 74, 86 Eri
88 NGC 1253 03 14 09.1 -02 49 22 11.7 5.2 x 2.3' 62 Eri
90 NGC 1300 03 19 40.3 -19 24 33 10.4 7.1 x 3.4' 74 Eri
92 NGC 1359 03 33 46.8 -19 29 24 12.6 1.7 x 0.5' 74 Eri
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 15 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
94 NGC 1421 03 42 29.4 -13 29 20 11.4 3.5 x 0.9' 74 Eri
96 NGC 1507 04 04 27.2 -02 11 19 12.3 3.6 x 0.9' 61 Eri
98 NGC 1532 04 12 02.5 -32 51 01 9.8 12.6 x 3.0 85, 86 Eri
100 NGC 922 02 25 04.4 -24 47 18 12.2 1.9 x 1.8' 86 For
102 NGC 1097 02 46 18.4 -30 16 19 9.5 6.0 x 3.3' 86 For
104 NGC 1365 03 33 35.4 -36 08 15 9.6 5.4 x 4.1' 86, 98, D10 For
106 NGC 1385 03 27 28.7 -24 30 08 10.9 3.4 x 2.0' 86 For
108 IC 342 03 46 46.2 +68 05 32 9.1 21.4 x 20.9' 6, 7, 14 Cam
110 NGC 1569 04 30 46.7 +64 50 42 11.0 3.4 x 1.5 6, 7, 14 Cam
112 NGC 1961 05 42 04.8 +69 22 42 11.0 4.6 x 3.0' 6 Cam
114 NGC 2146 06 18 37.7 +78 21 25 10.6 5.4 x 2.9' 5, 6 Cam
116 NGC 2366 07 28 51.9 +69 12 31 11.4v 8.2 x 3.3' 5, 6, 13 Cam
118 NGC 2403 07 36 48.2 +65 36 13 8.9v 21.9 x 12.3' 5, 6, 13 Cam
120 NGC 2633 08 48 00.3 +74 06 05 12.4 1.8 x 0.9' 5, 6 Cam
122 NGC 2276 07 26 56.6 +85 45 19 12.3 2.4 x 1.7' 1 Cep
124 NGC 2535 08 11 13.5 +25 12 23 12.8 2.5 x 1.2' 35 Cnc
126 NGC 1832 05 12 02.1 -15 41 11 12.2 2.0 x 1.7' 73 Lep
128 NGC 2207 06 16 22.1 -21 22 22 10.9 3.9 x 2.2' 72, 84 CMa
130 NGC 2188 06 10 09.5 -34 06 22 11.7 4.3 x 1.1' 84, 85, 97 Col
Henize 2-10
132 08 36 15.1 -26 24 34 11.1 1.8' 83 Pix
(ESO 495-21)
134 NGC 2997 09 45 38.8 -31 11 27 9.4v 9.2 x 7.4' 82, 83 Ant
136 NGC 3125 10 06 33.1 -29 56 08 13.0 1.1 x 0.7' 82, 83 Ant
Holmberg II
138 08 19 01.2 +70 43 19 11.4 7.9 x 6.3' 5, 6 UMa
(UGC 4305)
140 NGC 2805 09 20 17.9 +64 06 21 11.9 1.8 x 1.5' 12, 13 UMa
142 NGC 2820A 09 21 30.1 +64 14 20 15.0v 0.8 x 0.4' 12, 13 UMa
144 NGC 2976 09 47 12.8 +67 55 12 10.2 6.0 x 2.2' 5, 12 UMa
146 NGC 3031 (M 81) 09 55 30.5 +69 04 09 6.9 26.9 x 14.1' 5, 12 UMa
148 NGC 3034 (M 82) 09 55 52.4 +69 40 47 8.4v 11.3 x 4.2' 5 UMa
150 NGC 3184 10 18 17.0 +41 25 28 12.7 6.7 x 5.8' 22, 23 UMa
152 IC 2574 10 28 21.2 +68 24 59 10.4 13.2 x 5.4' 5, 12 UMa
154 NGC 3319 10 39 09.5 +41 41 13 11.1 6.2 x 3.4' 22 UMa
156 NGC 3359 10 46 35.2 +63 13 41 10.6 4.7 x 1.9' 12 UMa
158 NGC 3448 10 54 39.2 +54 18 19 12.2b 4.8 x 1.4' 12, 22 UMa
160 NGC 3556 (M 108) 11 11 29.9 +55 40 43 10.0 8.7 x 2.2' 12 UMa
162 NGC 3631 11 21 02.9 +53 10 10 11.0b 5.0 x 4.7' 12, 22 UMa
164 NGC 3690 11 28 32.3 +58 33 43 11.5 2.9 x 2.1' 11, 12 UMa
Kiso 5639
166 11 41 07.5 +32 25 37 15.5 0.4 x 0.2' 34 UMa
(PGC 36252)
168 NGC 3893 11 48 38.2 +48 42 39 10.7v 4.5 x 2.7' 21, 22 UMa
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 16 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
170 NGC 3938 11 52 48.9 +44 07 30 10.4 4.0 x 3.8' 21, 22 UMa
172 NGC 3991 11 57 30.5 +32 20 03 13.1 1.4 x 0.4' 33, 34 UMa
174 NGC 4051 12 03 09.6 +44 31 53 12.9v 5.2 x 4.6' 21, 22 UMa
11, 12, 21,
176 NGC 4102 12 06 23.0 +52 42 40 11.2 3.0 x 1.7' UMa
22
178 NGC 4605 12 39 59.4 +61 36 33 10.3 5.8 x 2.2' 11, 12 UMa
180 NGC 5204 13 29 36.8 +58 25 26 11.7 2.7 x 1.9' 11 UMa
Holmberg IV
182 13 54 46.3 +53 54 20 14.2 2.1 x 0.7' 11 UMa
(UGC 8837)
184 NGC 5430 14 00 45.8 +59 19 43 11.9 2.2 x 1.1' 11 UMa
186 NGC 5457 (M 101) 14 03 12.6 +54 20 56 7.9v 28.9 x 26.9' 11 UMa
188 NGC 5474 14 05 02.2 +53 40 01 10.8 2.6 x 2.3' 11, 20 UMa
190 NGC 4236 12 16 41.4 +69 28 05 10.5 21.9 x 7.2' 4, 5 Dra
192 NGC 5678 14 32 06.6 +57 55 34 11.8 2.4 x 1.4' 10, 11 Dra
194 NGC 6015 15 51 27.2 +62 18 50 11.1 3.7 x 1.8' 3, 10, 11 Dra
196 UGC 10214 16 06 03.9 +55 25 32 13.7 1.5 x 0.7' 10 Dra
198 IC 1291 18 33 52.6 +49 16 43 13.0 1.8 x 1.5' 18, 19 Dra
200 NGC 2445 07 46 55.1 +39 00 55 13.0 1.4 x 1.1' 23, 24, 36 Lyn
202 NGC 2500 08 01 51.2 +50 44 19 11.6 2.3 x 1.5' 13, 23, 24 Lyn
204 NGC 2537 08 13 12.8 +45 59 29 11.7 2.2 x 1.9' 23, 24 Lyn
206 NGC 2541 08 14 40.2 +49 03 43 11.8 6.3 x 3.2' 23, 24 Lyn
208 NGC 2782 09 14 03.7 +40 06 59 11.6 1.7 x 1.3' 23 Lyn
210 NGC 4214 12 15 39.2 +36 19 37 9.9v 7.4 x 6.5' 21,22,33,34 CVn
212 NGC 4258 (M 106) 12 18 58.1 +47 18 13 8.4 18.6 X 7.2' 21, 22 CVn
214 NGC 4395 12 25 48.7 +33 33 01 10.2 13.2 x 11.0' 33 CVn
216 NGC 4449 12 28 11.1 +44 05 37 9.6v 6.1 x 4.3' 21, 22 CVn
NGC 4485 12 30 31.1 +41 42 04 11.9v 2.6 x 1.9'
218 57, 69 CVn
NGC 4490 12 30 36.4 +41 38 37 9.8v 6.3 x 2.7'
220 NGC 4618 12 41 32.9 +41 09 03 10.8 4.2 x 3.4' 21 CVn
222 NGC 4631 12 42 08.0 +32 32 29 9.2v 15.4 x 2.6' 33 CVn
224 NGC 4656 12 43 57.6 +32 10 13 10.5v 9.1 x 1.7' 33 CVn
226 NGC 4861 12 59 02.3 +34 51 34 12.3v 4.2 x 1.5' 33 CVn
228 NGC 5033 13 13 27.8 +36 35 40 10.2 10.7 x 5.0' 21, 33 CVn
230 NGC 5055 (M 63) 13 15 49.4 +42 02 01 8.6 13.2 x 7.9' 21 CVn
232 NGC 5194 (M 51) 13.29 52.7 +47 11 43 8.4v 10.3 x 8.1' 45,D2 CVn
234 IC 2497 09 41 04.1 +34 43 59 15.5 0.4 x 0.3' 35 LMi
NGC 3395 10 49 49.3 +32 59 09 12.1 1.7 x 0.8'
236 34 LMi
NGC 3396 10 49 55.1 +32 59 38 12.5 1.1 x 0.9'
238 NGC 3432 10 52 31.1 +36 37 08 11.7v 6.8 x 1.4' 22,34 LMi
240 NGC 2903 09 32 10.1 +21 30 03 9.1v 12.6 x 6.0' 35,47 Leo
242 NGC 3239 10 20 05.5 +17 09 35 12.9 1.4 x 1.3' 46 Leo
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 17 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
244 NGC 3389 10 48 27.2 +12 32 05 12.8 2.8 x 1.3' 46 Leo
246 NGC 3447 10 53 23.4 +16 46 26 14.7 4.2 x 2.4 46 Leo
248 NGC 3627 (M 66) 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 8.9v 9.1 x 4.1' 46 Leo
250 NGC 4189 12 13 47.0 +13 25 36 11.7 2.6 x 1.5' D2 Com
252 NGC 4204 12 15 14.4 +20 39 33 12.4 3.6 x 2.9' 45 Com
254 NGC 4254 (M 99) 12 18 49.6 +14 24 59 9.87v 5.4’ x 4.7’ 45, D2 Com
256 NGC 4321 (M 100) 12 22 54.7 +15 49 28 9.4 7.4 x 6.3' 45, D2 Com
258 NGC 4559 12 35 57.6 +27 57 36 10.0v 10.8 x 4.3' 33 Com
260 NGC 4725 12 50 26.3 +25 30 03 9.4 10.7 x 7.6' 33 Com
262 NGC 4178 12 12 46.4 +10 51 58 12.9b 5.1 x 1.8' D2 Vir
NGC 4294 12 21 17.6 +11 30 46 12.1 2.3 x 0.9'
264 D2 Vir
NGC 4299 12 21 40.0 +11 30 16 12.5 1.6 x 1.5'
266 NGC 4303 (M 61) 12 21 54.7 +04 28 29 9.7 9.7 x 5.8' 57, D3 Vir
268 NGC 4438 12 27 45.7 +13 00 32 10.17v 8.6’ x 3.1’ 45, D2 Vir
270 NGC 4486 (M 87) 12 30 49.7 +12 23 24 8.3 7.2 x 6.8' 45, D2 Vir
272 NGC 4532 12 34 19.3 +06 28 04 11.9 2.8 x 1.1' D3 Vir
274 NGC 4535 12 34 20.2 +08 11 57 9.7 5.9 x 2.9' 45, 57, D3 Vir
276 NGC 4536 12 34 27.0 +02 11 19 10.6 4.6 x 2.4' 57, D3 Vir
278 NGC 4654 12 43 56.5 +13 07 42 11.9 4.5 x 2.0 45 Vir
280 NGC 4731 12 51 01.0 -06 23 35 12.0 4.0 x 1.1' 57, 69 Vir
282 UGC 8091 (GR 8) 12 58 40.2 +14 13 08 15.0 0.8' 45 Vir
284 NGC 4939 13 04 14.4 -10 20 24 13.8 3.0 x 2.0' 69 Vir
286 NGC 5068 13 18 54.9 -21 02 26 9.9 6.4 x 4.4' 69, 81 Vir
288 NGC 5147 13 26 19.7 +02 06 03 11.8 1.9 x 1.5' 57 Vir
290 NGC 5247 13 38 02.5 -17 53 01 10.0 5.6 x 4.9' 69 Vir
292 NGC 5468 14 06 34.9 -05 27 11 12.5 2.6 x 2.4' 56, 68 Vir
294 NGC 5584 14 22 23.8 -00 23 15 11.4 3.4 x 2.5' 56 Vir
296 NGC 3023 09 49 52.6 +00 37 04 13.0 2.9 x 1.4' 59 Sex
298 NGC 3423 10 51 14.3 +05 50 24 12.1b 3.8 x 3.2' 58 Sex
300 NGC 2835 09 17 52.8 -22 21 17 10.5 6.6 x 4.4' 71 Hya
302 NGC 3621 11 18 16.5 -32 48 51 9.6v 11.0 x 4.8' 82 Hyd
304 NGC 5236 (M 83) 13.37 00.9 -29 51 57 7.5v 12.8 x 11.4' 81 Hyd
306 NGC 3109 10 03 05.8 -26 09 39 10.7 19.1 x 3.7' 82, 83 Hyd
308 NGC 4027 11 59 30.2 -19 15 15 11.1v 2.8 x 2.5' 69, 70 Crv
NGC 4038 12 01 53.0 -18 52 03 10.9p 3.7 x 1.7'
310 69, 70 Crv
NGC 4039 12 01 53.8 -18 53 05 11.1p 4.0 x 2.2'
312 NGC 5128 13 25 27.8 -43 01 21 6.8 25.6 x 20.0' 93 Cen
314 NGC 5253 13 39 56.0 -31 38 24 10.9 5.0 x 1.9' 81 Cen
316 NGC 5398 14 01 21.6 -33 03 50 12.4v 2.8 x 1.6' 80,81 Cen
318 NGC 5408 14 03 20.9 -41 22 40 11.6 2.0 x 1.2' 92, 93 Cen

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Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
320 NGC 5248 13 37 32.3 +08 52 12 11.0 6.2 x 4.5' 45, 57 Boo
322 NGC 6070 16 09 58.6 +00 42 32 11.8 3.5 x 1.9' 55 Ser
324 NGC 6207 16 43 03.9 +36 49 57 11.6 3.0 x 1.3' 31 Her
326 NGC 6239 16 50 05.6 +42 44 22 12.4 2.6 x 1.1' 19 Her
328 NGC 6764 19 08 16.4 +50 56 00 11.8 2.3 x 1.3' 9, 18 Cyg
330 NGC 6946 20 34 54.8 +60 09 08 9.6 11.6 x 9.8' 8, 9 Cep
332 NGC 7250 22 18 17.8 +40 33 45 12.6v 1.7 x 0.8' 16, 17 Lac
334 NGC 7218 22 10 11.7 -16 39 40 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 64 Aqr
336 NGC 7496 23 09 47.3 -43 25 40 11.1 3.3 x 3.0' 88 Gru

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 19 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 20 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Extragalactic Objects Within Host
Galaxies Observer’s Guide

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 21 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 7331 (Pegasus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7678 (Pegasus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7678

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7678 23 28 27.9 +22 25 17 11.8 2.2 x 1.7' 28, 40

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NGC 7678 (Pegasus)

NGC 7678 is a type SAB(rs)c grand design spiral galaxy sitting about 130 mly distant. It was calculated to be about 95 kly across.
For observing notes with a 24” and a 48” telescope, see Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 7678. Also see Glahn’s sketch with his 16”
reflector.
Hubble Space Telescope image.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 29 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 7741 (Pegasus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7768
NGC 7720

NGC 7741

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7741 23 43 54.9 +26 04 26 11.3 2.3 x 1.0' 28

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 30 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 7741 (Pegasus)

NGC 7741 is a type SB(s)cd barred spiral galaxy. It sits 40 mly distant and about 50 kly across.
M.F. Duval, et al. “A Detailed Study of the Ionized Hydrogen Distribution and of the Velocity Field of the Barred Galaxy NGC
7741,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 241 (Jan 1991): 375-388.
Glahn picked up [HK83] 20 with a 16” reflector as seen in his sketch.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 31 www.FaintFuzzies.com

UGC 12856 (Pegasus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7814

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

UGC 12856 23 56 45.3 +16 48 50 13.9 1.8 x 0.7' 40,51

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UGC 12856 (Pegasus)

UGC 12856 is about 65 mly away.

The lone observable star forming region is labeled as MCG +3-1-3. Glahn detected the one lone labeled H II region in his 27” as
seen in this sketch.
Gottlieb picked up the knot in his 18” reflector, see his notes (scroll to UGC 12856)

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NGC 470 (Pisces)
N
E

N
E

IC 89

NGC 520

NGC 474
NGC 470
NGC 467

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 470 01 19 44.7 +03 24 37 11.8 2.0 x 1.3' 63

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NGC 470 (Pisces)

NGC 470 is a type SA(rs)b spiral sitting about 91 mly distant.

Halton Arp, et al, “Two Quasars Seen Near the Spiral Galaxy NGC 470,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 138 (Sept 1984):
179-182. Dr. Arp has this thing about associating quasars with his Arp peculiar galaxies. It has been shown that the quasars are
background objects and in no way associated with the peculiarity of galaxies.

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NGC 628, M 74 (Pisces)
N
E

N
E

M 74

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 628 (M 74) 01 36 41.6 +15 46 57 9.4 10.5 x 9.5' 51

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NGC 628, M 74 (Pisces)

M 74 is a beautiful grand design spiral galaxy. Type SA(s)c. It is relatively close at 32 mly and about 95 kly across.
H II Annotations from K. Chuvaev and I Pronik, “H II Regions in NGC 628, NGC 4254, and 5194,” The Spiral Structure of our
Galaxy, Proceedings from 38th International Astronomical Union Symposium Edited by Wilhelm Becker and Georgios Ioannou
Kontopoulos. International Astronomical Union Symposium, no. 38, Dordrecht, Reidel, (1970): 83
Hodge has a more comprehensive mapping of H II regions, but I used a much simpler labeling from Chuvaev. For a more
detailed mapping, see Paul W. Hodge. “H II Regions in NGC 628. I. Positions and Sizes,” Astrophysical Journal, Volume 205 (May
1976): 728-744.
For observing notes with a 48-inch reflector, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 628. For a sketch in a 27” by Uwe Glahn showing
detail.

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NGC 45 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 45

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 45 00 14 03.9 -23 10 52 10.7 8.5 x 5.9' 87

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NGC 45 (Cetus)

NGC 45 is a type SA(s)dm small spiral galaxy with a few interfering foreground stars. It sits only 22 mly distant and located in
the area of the Sculptor galaxy group, but likely behind it.
For star forming region [SL2001] annotations, see E. Silva-Villa, and S.S. Larsen. "The star cluster - field star connection in
nearby spiral galaxies. II. Field star and cluster formation histories and their relation" Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 529, Article
ID A25 (May 2011): 17pp.

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NGC 157 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

Hickson 3A

MCG -1-2-34

Hickson 6A NGC 157

MCG -2-2-73

NGC 151

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 157 00 34 46.9 -08 23 42 10.4 3.0 x 1.7' 63, 75

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NGC 157 (Cetus)

NGC 157 is a type SAB(rs)bc galaxy sitting about 39 mly away and about 90 kly across.
The SDSS inset image is labeled without the [HK83] annotation for clarity.
For observing notes with a 48-inch reflector, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 157.
Glahn observed with his 16” reflector under NELM 6+ skies were able to pick up #11 and #76 as shown in his sketch.

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NGC 210 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 210

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 210 00 40 34.8 -13 52 28 10.9 5.0 x 3.3' 75

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NGC 210 (Cetus)

NGC 210 is a type SAB(s)b galaxy at a distance of 67 mly away.

H II region [BLB2006] annotations from Bradley, T. R., J. H. Knapen, J. E. Beckman, S. L. Folkes, “A composite H ii region
luminosity function in Hα of unprecedented statistical weight,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 459, Issue 1 (Nov 2006): L13-
L16.
Glahn has detected both knots, one as a single knot on the northwestern part and a combined knot on the northeastern edge with a
27” reflector. See his sketch.

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NGC 247 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 247

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 247 00 47 08.5 -20 45 37 9.9v 21.4 x 6.9' 75, 87

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NGC 247 (Cetus)

NGC 247 is a type SAB(s)d nearly edge on spiral galaxy sitting pretty close at 11.1 mly away. It is a member of the Sculptor
group which is near the Local Group.
PanSTARRS image used here as it offers better clarity for the variety of extragalactic objects in NGC 247. There are some
overlapping and other artifacts from the image.
For star cluster annotations starting with AS, see M. J. Rodríguez, et al, “The young stellar population in NGC 247,” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, Volume 626, article A35 (June 2019): 5
The MRSS annotations is from the Muenster Red Sky Survey.
For the recently discovered globular cluster (GC1), see Aaron J. Romanowsky, et al, “Low-density star cluster formation:
discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, Volume 518, Issue 2, (Jan 2023): 3164-3182
For discussion on the background quasar (PHL 6625), see Lian Tao, et al, “PHL 6625: A Minor Merger-associated QSO Behind
NGC 247,” The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 841, Issue 2, article 118, (June 2017) and Martin Elvis, et al, “X-raying a galaxy: PHL
6625 behind NGC 247,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 291, Issue 3 (Nov 1997): L49-L52
For the “void in spiral structure”, see R. Wagner-Kaiser, et al, “The void in the Sculptor group spiral galaxy NGC 247,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 443, Issue 4, (Oct 2014): 3260-3269
For observing notes with a 48-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 247. Also see Glahn’s sketch with his 16” where he
picked up at least 4 knots on the western edge.
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NGC 337 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E MCG -1-3-85
NGC 357

NGC 337
NGC 337A

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 337 00 59 50.3 -07 34 43 11.6 2.9 x 1.8' 75

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NGC 337 (Cetus)

NGC 337 is a type SB(s)d galaxy sitting about 63 mly distant.

For star formation region [LMD2020] annotations, see S. T. Linden, et al. “The Star Formation in Radio Survey: 3-33 GHz
Imaging of Nearby Galaxy Nuclei and Extranuclear Star-forming Regions,” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume
248, Issue 2, Article ID 25 (June 2020).
See Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector showing at least 5 extragalactic knots.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 47 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 428 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 428

NGC 430

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 428 01 12 55.7 +00 58 56 12.1 2.3 x 2.0' 63

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NGC 428 (Cetus)

NGC 428 is a type SAB(s)m galaxy sitting about 48 mly distant.

UM 309 annotations from Gabriel Kojoian, et al, “Accurate Optical Position of Extragalactic Emission -Line Objects: University
of Michigan Lists I-IV,” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 50 (Oct 1982): 161-168
HII region [ZBF2015] annotation from Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel, et al, “Comparative internal kinematics of the H II regions in
interacting and isolated galaxies: implications for massive star formation modes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 451, Issue 2 (Aug 2015): 1307 – 1330
J.V. Smoker, et al, “H I and optical observations of the NGC 428 field,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 281, Number 2, (July 1996): 393 – 405
For observing notes with a 48-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 428. For a sketch in a 27” telescope showing the
knots that he picked up, which is all the labeled ones.
Hubble Space Telescope image.
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 49 www.FaintFuzzies.com
NGC 450 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 450

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 450 01 15 30.5 -00 51 39 11.5 3.1 x 2.3' 63

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NGC 450 (Cetus)

NGC 450 is a type SAB(s)cd galaxy sitting about 80 mly distant. UGC 807 is not a companion as the red shift is six times higher
thus making it far in the background.
Possible Wolf Rayet star (super luminous star or stars) [BKD2008] annotations from J. Brinchmann, D. Kunth, F. Durret.
“Galaxies with Wolf-Rayet signatures in the low-redshift Universe. A survey using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,” Astronomy and
Astrophysics, Volume 485, Issue 3 (July 2008): 657-677.
For a sketch with a 27” telescope, showing that he picked up all three labeled extragalactic objects.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 51 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 864 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 864

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 864 02 15 27.8 +06 00 09 10.9 4.7 x 3.5' 62

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NGC 864 (Cetus)

NGC 864 is a type SAB(rs)c galaxy and about 72 mly distant.

H II region [BLB2006] annotations from Bradley, T. R., J. H. Knapen, J. E. Beckman, S. L. Folkes, “A composite H ii region
luminosity function in Hα of unprecedented statistical weight,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 459, Issue 1 (Nov 2006): L13-
L16.
Glahn observed this object and deleted two knots on the northern edge and one at the southern tip with his 27” reflector. See his
sketch.

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NGC 1068, M 77 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E NGC 1073

NGC 1032

NGC 1055

M 77

NGC 1090
NGC 1094
NGC 1087

NGC 1015

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1068 (M 77) 02 42 40.8 -00 00 48 8.9v 7.1 x 6.0' 62
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 54 www.FaintFuzzies.com
NGC 1068, M 77 (Cetus)

M 77 is one the first Seyfert galaxies I learned as a kid. It sits about 47 mly distant, about 90 kly across and type (R)SA(rs)b.
Some calls it the Squid Galaxy.
See inset for PanSTARRS image. Three marked regions should be observable through large amateur telescopes. Annotations
from I.N. Evans, et al, “An Atlas of H II Regions in Nearby Seyfert Galaxies,” Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Volume 105 (July
1996): 93-127.
For observing notes with a 48-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 1068. Also see Howard Banich’s sketches and
notes (scroll to M77): Banich Notes. Uwe Glahn detected all three extragalactic objects with his 27” reflector as shown in his sketch.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 55 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 1073 (Cetus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1016

NGC 1073

NGC 1032

NGC 1055

M 77

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1073 02 43 40.3 +01 22 33 11.0v 4.9 x 4.5' 62

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NGC 1073 (Cetus)

NGC 1073 is a type SB(rs)c barred spiral galaxy sitting 55 mly away from us and 80 kly across.
For the three marked quasars, see J. S. Dunlop, et al, “The Parkes selected regions: deep optical and infrared observations of radio
galaxies and quasars at high redshifts,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 238 (June 1989): 1171-1231
H II [ZBF2015] annotations from Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel, et al, “Comparative internal kinematics of the H II regions in
interacting and isolated galaxies: implications for massive star formation modes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 451, Issue 2 (Aug 2015): 1307 – 1330
For observing notes with a 48-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 1073.
For a sketch in a 27” reflector, see Uwe Glahn’s sketch of NGC 1073, where he picked up several H II regions.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 57 www.FaintFuzzies.com

NGC 7793 (Sculptor)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7793

NGC 10

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7793 23 57 50.3 -32 35 15 9.1 8.4 x 6.9' 76, 87

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NGC 7793 (Sculptor)

NGC 7793 is a type SA(s)d spiral sitting 12.2 mly distant and 30 kly across. It is part of the Sculptor Group.
H II region [H69] annotations, see Paul W. Hodge, “H II Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies,” The Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Series, Volume 18, Number 157 (1969): 73-124
H II region [DD80] annotations, see E. Davoust, G. de Vaucouleurs. “Velocity fields in late-type galaxies from Halpha Fabry-
Perot interferometry. II. Kinematics and dynamics of the Sd spiral NGC 7793,” Astrophysical Journal, Volume 242 (1980): 30-52
For observing notes with a 48-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 7793. For a sketch through a 24” reflector by a
skilled observer, see Uwe Glahn’s sketch of NGC 7793.

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NGC 55 (Sculptor)
N
E

N
E

NGC 55

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 55 00 14 54.0 -39 11 34 7.9 32.4 x 5.6' 88, 99

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NGC 55 (Sculptor)

NGC 55 is a type SB(s)m galaxy sitting just 6.5 mly distant. It is between the Sculptor Group and the Local Group. Some calls it
the String of Pearls Galaxy for the rich knotty detail running across the middle.
M# annotations from Laura Magrini, et al, “NGC 55: A Disc Galaxy with Flat Abundance Gradients,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 464, Issue 1 (Jan 2017): 739–753
H II [WS83] annotations from B. Louis Webster and Malcom G. Smith, “Abundance Gradients in Galaxies in the Sculptor and
Centaurus Groups,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 204 (1983): 743-763
For observing notes with a 30-inch telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 55. Uwe Glahn picked up all 5 extragalactic
objects in his sketch with his 14.5” reflector.

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NGC 672 (Triangulum)
N
E

N
E
NGC 661

NGC 684

NGC 672
IC 1727

Cr 21

NGC 656

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 672 01 47 54.2 +27 25 51 11.4 6.5 x 1.8' 38, 39

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NGC 672 (Triangulum)

NGC 772 01 59 19.2 +19 00 23 10.3 4.7 x 3.8' 50, 51

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NGC 772 (Aries)

NGC 772 is a type SA(s)b galaxy sitting about 130 mly away. It is a pretty large galaxy at 200 kly across.
For observing notes with 24-inch and 48-inch telescopes, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 772. Uwe Glahn’s sketch with a 20”
reflector showing a couple knots in the “strong arm”
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 2:
Aquila, Ara, Aries, Auriga, Boötes, Caelum. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2015), 106-109.

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NGC 972 (Aries)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1012

NGC 972

NGC 1056

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 972 02 34 12.8 +29 18 34 12.1 2.4 x 1.0' 38

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NGC 972 (Aries)

NGC 972 is a type Sab galaxy laying 50 mly distant.

Ravindranath (1998) discusses massive star formation in NGC 972. Regions k15 and k18 appears to be the brightest H II regions
of the 18 identified in the paper. See Swara Ravindranath and Tushar P. Prabhu, “Massive Star Formation in the Infrared-bright
Galaxy NGC 972,” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 115, Issue 6 (June 1998): 2320-2330.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 2:
Aquila, Ara, Aries, Auriga, Boötes, Caelum. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2015), 102-105.
Uwe Glahn’s sketch with his 27” shows the three knots.

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NGC 1012 (Aries)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1012

NGC 972

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1012 02 39 14.9 +30 09 05 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 38

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NGC 1012 (Aries)

NGC 1012 is a type S0/a? galaxy sitting 49 mly away from us.
NED does not have any labeling for extragalactic features, but Glahn was able to see the knot on the north tip with his 27”. He
also noted a small stellar knot at the southern tip, but probably a star. See sketch.

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NGC 1156 (Aries)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1156

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1156 02 59 42.3 +25 14 16 11.7 2.6 x 1.7' 38

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NGC 1156 (Aries)

NGC 1253 03 14 09.1 -02 49 22 11.7 5.2 x 2.3' 62

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NGC 1253 (Eridanus)

NGC 1253 is a type SA(rs)cd galaxy about 70 mly away and 110 kly across.
NED and SIMBAD does not have any H II region or SFR labeling, but marking those that are observable. There may be more.
Glahn picked up all of the marked star forming regions (SFR) including the extended region to the east as seen in this sketch with his
27” reflector.
Also see Gottlieb’s detailed notes with a 48” reflector.
Hubble Space Telescope image.

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NGC 1300 (Eridanus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1297

NGC 1300

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1300 03 19 40.3 -19 24 33 10.4 7.1 x 3.4' 74

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NGC 1300 (Eridanus)

NGC 1300 is a type (R')SB(s)bc galaxy sitting 65 mly away and 110 kly across. One of the better examples of a barred spiral
galaxy.
H II region [H69] annotations, see Paul W. Hodge, “H II Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies,” The Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Series, Volume 18, Number 157, (1969): 73-124.
For observing notes with a 30”and 48” telescopes, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 1300.
See Glahn’s sketch with his 16”, where he noted the brighter western arm.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 10: Draco, Equuleus,
Eridanus, Fornax. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2023), 282-290.

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NGC 1507 is an edge on galaxy with a huge missing chunk on the northeast side.. The De Vaucouleurs type is SB(s)m pec?. It sits
about 41 mly away and about 41 kly across.
NED did not have any extragalactic regions listed; however, the more obvious object is marked.

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NGC 1532 (Eridanus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1537

NGC 1532

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1532 04 12 02.5 -32 51 01 9.8 12.6 x 3.0 85, 86

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NGC 1532 (Eridanus)

NGC 1532 is a type SB(s)b pec galaxy sitting about 58 mly away and 210 kly across. Some gives it a popular name of Haley's
Coronet.
I noted some of the brighter knots within NGC 1532. There is a possible background galaxy, but not sure based on the available
images. The SDSS and PanSTARRS images were not available for this region making identification difficult.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 10: Draco, Equuleus,
Eridanus, Fornax. (Richmond, VA: Willman-Bell, Inc., 2023), 276-282.

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For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 1385. The annotated knots are likely non-stellar
regions of the galaxy and not H II regions. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” SCT.
Hubble Space Telescope image.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 10: Draco, Equuleus,
Eridanus, Fornax. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2023), 383-384.

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IC 342 (Camelopardalis)
N
E

N
E

UGC 2765

IC 342

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

IC 342 03 46 46.2 +68 05 32 9.1 21.4 x 20.9' 6, 7, 14

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IC 342 (Camelopardalis)

IC 342 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy. It would be one of the brighter galaxies in the night sky if it were not in the plane of the Milky
Way and being partially obscured. It is located only 10.7 million light years from us or about 5 times farther than the Andromeda
Galaxy. It was estimated that it is about 2 magnitudes fainter than it could be if not obscured. The cool thing is an observer in IC 342
would see the Milky Way as a very bright edge on galaxy in a star poor region.
For identification of H II regions in IC 342, see M. M. Vucetic, et al, “Optical Observations of the Nearby Galaxy IC342 with
Narrow Band [SII] and H alpha Filters. I,” Serbian Astronomical Journal, Volume 187, (Dec 1983): 11-18. The numerical
annotations are from Vucetic’s work. Oddly the northern third were not labeled by Vucetic as the third field was not included in the
paper.
Also see the original article on H II regions, see Marshall L. McCall, “H II Regions, Extinction, and IC 342: A New View of the
Galactic Neighborhood,” Astronomical Journal, Volume 97 (May 1989): 1341-1349
For discussion on the nature and observing comments from various medium to large amateur telescopes, see Jeff Kanipe and
Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 3: Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes
Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 48-53

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NGC 1569 (Camelopardalis)
N
E

N
E

NGC 1569

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1569 04 30 46.7 +64 50 42 11.0 3.4 x 1.5 6, 7, 14

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NGC 2633 (Camelopardalis)
N
E

N
E

UGC 4841

NGC 2633
NGC 2634
IC 529

IC 520

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2633 08 48 00.3 +74 06 05 12.4 1.8 x 0.9' 5, 6

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NGC 2633 (Camelopardalis)

NGC 2633 is a type SB(s)b galaxy and sits 98 mly away.

For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 2633. Also see Glahn’s sketch with his 27” where he
saw the brightening on the end of the north arm.

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NGC 2276 (Cepheus)
N
E

N
E

IC 512
NGC 2276
NGC 2300

NGC 2268

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2276 07 26 56.6 +85 45 19 12.3 2.4 x 1.7' 1

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NGC 2276 (Cepheus)

NGC 2276 is a SAB(rs)c midsized galaxy and 120 mly away near the celestial north pole. The distortion is probably due to
interaction with NGC 2300 nearby.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 2276.
Glahn sketched this object with his 27” and picked up two knots, specifically [HK83] 17/42/46/51 and [HK83] 63.

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NGC 2535 (Cancer)
N
E

N
E

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2535 08 11 13.5 +25 12 23 12.8 2.5 x 1.2' 35

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NGC 2535 (Cancer)

NGC 2535 is a type SA(r)c pec galaxy sitting 190 mly away and 140 kly in diameter.
For the [HHS2007] annotations, see Mark Hancock, Beverly J. Smith, Curtis Struck, Mark L. Giroux, et al. “Large-Scale Star
Formation Triggering in the Low-Mass Arp 82 System: A Nearby Example of Galaxy Downsizing Based on UV/Optical/Mid-IR
Imaging” The Astronomical Journal Volume 133 Number 2 (Jan 2007): 676-693.
Five H I star clouds in the galaxy, see Michele Kaufman, , et al., “ Observations of the Ocular Galaxy NGC 2535 and its Starburst
Companion NGC 2536,” Astronomical Journal, Volume 114 (Dec 1997): 2323 – 2840.
Glahn detected one knot just south of the core with his 27”, see sketch. He didn’t see the unlabeled knots.
Also see Gottlieb’s observing notes through a 48” reflector.

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NGC 1832 (Lepus)
N
E

N
E

MCG -2-14-4

NGC 1832

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 1832 05 12 02.1 -15 41 11 12.2 2.0 x 1.7' 73

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NGC 1832 (Lepus)

NGC 1832 is a type SB(r)bc galaxy and 80 mly away from us.
No observations published to date with knots.

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NGC 2207 (Canis Major)
N
E

N
E
MCG -3-17-2

NGC 2207
IC 2163

NGC 2196

NGC 2223
Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA
NGC 2207 06 16 22.1 -21 22 22 10.9 3.9 x 2.2' 72, 84

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NGC 2207 (Canis Major)

NGC 2207 and IC 2163 pair are types SAB(rs)bc pec and SB(rs)c pec galaxies respectively. They lie about 89 mly away.
From the DSS image, a number of knots appears observable with a fairly large amateur telescope, however none are labeled in
NED, but in SIMBAD. For the [MRL2014] annotations, see S. Mineo, S. Rappaport, A. Levine, et al. “A Comprehensive X-Ray and
Multiwavelength Study of the Colliding Galaxy Pair NGC 2207/IC 2163” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 797, Number 2 (Dec
2014): 24 pp.
Elmegreen (1995) wrote that there are disturbances as a result of the interaction with nearby IC2163. Both galaxies do not have
excess star formation, but there are several large gas clouds. See Elmegreen, Debra Meloy et al, “The Interaction between Spiral
Galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207. I. Observations,” Astrophysical Journal Volume 453: 100-138
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 2207. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 14.5”.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 3:
Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 308-316.

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NGC 2188 (Columba)
N
E

N
E

NGC 2188

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2188 06 10 09.5 -34 06 22 11.7 4.3 x 1.1' 84, 85, 97

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NGC 2188 (Columba)

NGC 2188 is a type SB(s)m edge on galaxy and is about 24 mly away and 50 kly long.
The southern tip appears to have two substantial knots. Stasińska noted at least one, see G. Stasińska, et al, “Spectrophotometry of
H II regions in irregular galaxies,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 154 (Jan 1986): 352-356.
Glahn’s sketch with a 20” from an observing site in La Palma. He picked up two brighter knots on the southern tip.

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Henize 2-10 (ESO 495-21) (Eridanus)
N
E

N
E

ESO 495-21

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

He 2-10 (ESO 495-21) 08 36 15.1 -26 24 34 11.1 1.8' 83

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Henize 2-10 (ESO 495-21) (Eridanus)

Henize 2-10 is a small galaxy that sits at 30 mly away and just 3,000 light years across. That is a really small galaxy with a huge
rate of star formation.
Inset from PanSTARRS and slightly enhanced to remove the glare from the photo. Two regions annotated. See Scott Harrington,
“Celestia Obscura: Henize 2-10,” Deep Sky Observer, Issue 192 (Autumn 2023): 3-7

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NGC 2997 (Antlia)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3001

NGC 2997

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2997 09 45 38.8 -31 11 27 9.4v 9.2 x 7.4' 82,83

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NGC 2997 (Antlia)

NGC 3359 is a type SB(rs)c galaxy at a distance of 59 mly away.

H II region [RBZ2000] annotations from M. Rozas, A Zurita, J.E. Beckman, “The ionized gas in the spiral galaxy NGC 3359. I.
Photometry,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 354 (2000): 823-835. The SDSS inset annotations is without [RBZ2000] for
clarity.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3184. Gottlieb’s reference to [H69] 42 is [RBZ2000]
7/9 in the image above.
Uwe Glahn picked up two knots on the western edge, see his sketch with the 27” reflector, specifically [RBZ2000] 5/57 and 7/9.

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NGC 3448 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3448

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3448 10 54 39.2 +54 18 19 12.2b 4.8 x 1.4' 12, 22

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NGC 3448 (Ursa Major)

NGC 3448 is a type I0 dwarf irregular galaxy sitting 77 mly away and 125 kly in diameter.
NED did not have any extragalactic objects. Only the brighter regions are noted.
Noreau (1985) wrote a short piece on the star burst in NGC 3448 comparing it to M-82 in radio signals and dust lane. His case
for starburst is the bulk of radio emission came from the nuclear region and the spectrum is mostly by FIR emission among a couple
other attributes. See L. Noreau and P.P. Kronberg, “The Star-Burst in NGC 3448,” Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society,
Volume 17 (June 1985): 757.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3448. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector
where the eastern knot and a diagonal dust lane was picked up.

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NGC 3556, M 108 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

M 108

M 97
Hickson 50A

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3556 (M108) 11 11 29.9 +55 40 43 10.0 8.7 x 2.2' 12

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NGC 3556, M 108 (Ursa Major)

M 108 is a type SB(s)cd late type galaxy sitting 28 mly away. The popular name given was Surfboard Galaxy.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3556.
Uwe Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector, where he picked up [HK83] 4/5, 86, and 137/139/146.

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NGC 3631 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E NGC 3738

NGC 3549

NGC 3729 NGC 3631

NGC 3718
MCG +9-19-113

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3631 11 21 02.9 +53 10 10 11.0b 5.0 x 4.7' 12,22

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NGC 3631 (Ursa Major)

NGC 3631 is a type SA(s)c grad design spiral that sits 35 mly away and 60 kly in diameter.
Annotations from Plate 10. See G.O. Boeshaar and P.W. Hodge, “H II Regions and the Spiral Structure of NGC 3631,” The
Astrophysical Journal, Volume 213 (Apr 1977): 361-377
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3631. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector
where he picked up a couple knots.

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NGC 3690 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3642

NGC 3610
NGC 3690
IC 694

NGC 3613

NGC 3619

NGC 3683A

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3690 11 28 32.3 +58 33 43 11.5 2.9 x 2.1' 11, 12

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NGC 3690 (Ursa Major)

NGC 3690 is a double interacting galaxy sitting 150 mly away. The collision created so much star formation and remarkable to
see 14 supernovae since 1992. Also it is a super luminous X-ray star forming galaxy and both cores seems to have intense X-ray
regions. See A. Zezas, M. J. Ward,. And S. S. Murray. “Chandra Observations of the X-Ray-luminous Star-forming Galaxy Merger
Arp 299,” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 594, Number 1 (Aug 2003): L31-L34 for locations of 18 X-ray regions annotated by
[ZWM2003].
Willem A. Baan, Aubrey Haschick. “H I Absorption and OH Emission in IC 694/NGC 3690,” The Astrophysical Journal,
Volume 364 (Nov 1990), 65-76.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector.
Hubble Space Telescope snapped a photo.

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Kiso 5639 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

Kiso 5639 (PGC 36252) 11 41 07.5 +32 25 37 15.5 0.4 x 0.2’ 34
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Kiso 5639 (Ursa Major)

Kiso 5639 is a dwarf galaxy sitting at 85 mly distant and a maximum of 2,700 light years long.
Harrington wrote about this interesting tadpole galaxy in his article. 13 The H II region appears brighter than the galaxy itself, so
take the time to look carefully so you can catch the galaxy. Use high magnification.

13
Harrington, Scott. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021).

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NGC 3893 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

UGC 6930

NGC 3893

NGC 3949
NGC 3811

NGC 3877

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3893 11 48 38.2 +48 42 39 10.7v 4.5 x 2.7' 21,22

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NGC 3893 (Ursa Major)

NGC 3893 is a type SAB(rs)c sitting 50 mly away and 70 kly in diameter. It has a ton of H II regions on the arms, but
unfortunately both NED and SIMBAD doesn’t have much labeled.
J.K. Werk, et al, “Metal Transport to the Gaseous Outskirts of Galaxies,” The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 735, Number 2
(July 2011)
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3893. Glahn picked up the H II regions as one
brightening on the eastern edge with a 16” reflector in this sketch.

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NGC 3938 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4051

NGC 3938
NGC 4013

IC 749
IC 750
Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA
NGC 3938 11 52 48.9 +44 07 30 10.4 4.0 x 3.8' 21, 22

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NGC 3938 (Ursa Major)

NGC 3938 is a type SA(s)c spiral sitting 43 mly away and 67 kly across.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3938. Gottlieb’s reference to knots #3 and #4 is
[HK83] 4 and [HK83] 6 respectively. It is not easy, but using NED’s near object search and IRSA finder chart tool helped me identify
the knots. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 14.5” reflector.

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NGC 4605

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4605 12 39 59.4 +61 36 33 10.3 5.8 x 2.2' 11, 12

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NGC 4605 (Ursa Major)

NGC 4605 is a type SB(s)c pec dwarf galaxy at a distance of 18 mly from Earth. It is part of the M 81 Group.
Taking a closer look at the PanSTARRS image, it appears that the southwestern half of the galaxy shows significant star forming
regions. See inset from PanSTARRS.
Steve Gottlieb noted that the SE tip is brighter with mottled H II regions through his 18” reflector. See: NGC 4605. Also see
Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing 3 knots on the eastern half.

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NGC 5204 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5204

CGCG 295-3

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5204 13 29 36.8 +58 25 26 11.7 2.7 x 1.9' 11

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NGC 5204 (Ursa Major)

NGC 5204 is a type SA(s)m galaxy that sits 13 mly away and 19 kly across.
Additional labels provided in the SDSS as they are lost in the brighter center.
Glahn picked up 4 knots in his sketch with a 27” reflector, specifically [HK83] 28, 31/33, 48, and 50/51.

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Holmberg IV (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5422
NGC 5485
NGC 5473

M 101

NGC 5474

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

Holmberg IV 13 54 46.3 +53 54 20 14.2 2.1 x 0.7' 11

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Holmberg IV (Ursa Major)

Holmberg IV is a type IB(s)m dwarf galaxy that lies 24 mly away from us. It is part of the M101 Group.

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NGC 5430 (Ursa Major)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5322

NGC 5389

NGC 5376

NGC 5430

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5430 14 00 45.8 +59 19 43 11.9 2.2 x 1.1' 11

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NGC 5430 (Ursa Major)

NGC 5430 is a type SB(s)b galaxy and sits 130 mly away. Some call this galaxy the Wolf Rayet Galaxy due to the
superluminous H II regions with Wolf Rayet spectra.
H II region [BCS2012a] annotation from É. Brière, et al, “Properties of the giant H II regions and bar in the nearby spiral galaxy
NGC 5430,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 425, Issue 1 (Sept 2012): 261-272. Only the brightest H II
region is marked on the SE tip.
Glahn picked up a knot with his 27” on the southern tip of the bar, which could be the combined light of 17/19 and the
superluminous star, see sketch.

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NGC 4258, M 106 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4220

NGC 409
NGC 4248
M 106

NGC 4217
NGC 4346

NGC 4144

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4258 (M 106) 12 18 58.1 +47 18 13 8.4 18.6 X 7.2' 21, 22

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NGC 4258, M 106 (Canes Venatici)

M 106 is a type SAB(s)bc midsized spiral galaxy. It is 23,7 mly away from us and 135 kly from end to end. It has an active
nucleus and a Type 2 Seyfert galaxy.
H II region [CPH93] annotations from G. Courtes, et al, “Structure of the spiral arms of NGC 4258 in H-alpha and at 2000A,”
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 268 (Feb 1993): 419-442
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4258. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” where he
picked up the knotty brighter arm and a couple knots on the southern tip.
For an excellent discussion, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic
Objects, Volume 3: Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 164-172.

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NGC 4395 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4395

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4395 12 25 48.7 +33 33 01 10.2 13.3 x 11.0’ 33

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NGC 4395 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 4395 is a SA(s)m galaxy sitting 14 mly away. This low surface brightness Type 1 Seyfert galaxy is a bit smaller than most.
Several H II regions are so bright that they have their own NGC designations.
Jean-Rene Roy, Julien Belley, et al, “The O/H Distribution in the Low-Mass Galaxies NGC 2366 and NGC 4395,” The
Astrophysical Journal, Volume 460 (Mar 1996): 284–294.
Not sure if the variability of the nucleus is observable, here is a journal article that discuss the variability, see J. E. Skelton, et al,
“Short time-scale optical variability of the dwarf Seyfert nucleus in NGC 4395,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 358, Issue 3, (Apr 2005): 781-794.
Glahn picked up the knots on the south and eastern ends in his sketch with a 16” reflector.

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NGC 4618 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 4618 is a type SB(rs)m dwarf barred spiral that located 21 mly away in the direction of Canes Venatici.
For an observing article, see Scott Harrington. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021), 22-29.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes at: NGC 4618. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16”, where he
picked up IC 3668.

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NGC 4631 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4627
NGC 4631

NGC 4657
NGC 4656

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4631 12 42 08.0 +32 32 29 9.2v 15.4 x 2.6' 33

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NGC 4631 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 4631 is a type SB(s)d late type spiral about 30 mly away from us. The common name is Whale Galaxy.
Annotations from Paul W Hodge and Robert C Kennicutt, Jr., “An Atlas of H II Regions in 125 galaxies,” The Astronomical
Journal, Volume 88, Number 3 (March 1983): 296-328. Note: I’ve left out “[HK83]” to reduce clutter.
Two tidal streams are in the field, see inset and David Martínez-Delgado, et al, “A Stellar Tidal Stream Around the Whale
Galaxy, NGC 4631,” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 150, Number 4 (Sept 2015): 116-125. The source of the inset is on page 119
of the above journal article.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4631. Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing incredible
detail.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 3:
Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 178-183

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NGC 4656 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4627
NGC 4631

NGC 4657
NGC 4656

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4656 12 43 57.6 +32 10 13 10.5v 9.1 x 1.7' 33

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NGC 4656 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 4656 is a type SB(s)m pec galaxy that looks like a hockey stick with NGC 4657 at the north end, which gives it the name. It
sits 30 mly away and 78 kly long.
Super Star Cluster [DBT2008] annotation from Jayce D. Dowell, et al. “The Initial Cluster Mass Function of Super Star Clusters
in Irregular and Spiral Galaxies,” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 135, Issue 3, (Mar 2008): 823-835
See SDSS inset image showing detail of the “hockey stick” at the NE end.
An extremely faint dwarf companion is NNE of NGC 4656, see Anatoly V. Zasov, et al, “Interacting galaxy NGC4656 and its
unusual dwarf companion,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 469, Issue 4 (Aug 2017): 4370–4377. Note:
The source of the inset is from page 4371 in A. V. Zasov’s article.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4214. See Glahn’s sketch with a 16”.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 3:
Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 184-185
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NGC 4861 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4861

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4861 12 59 02.3 +34 51 34 12.3v 4.2 x 1.5' 33

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NGC 4861 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 4861 is a SB(s)m galaxy that sits 35 mly away. It has a huge H II region on one end that gives it an odd comet like
appearance.
Annotations from J. van Eymeren, M. Marcelin, et al, “A kinematic study of the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 4861 using H I and
Hα observations,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 505, Issue 1 (2009): 105-116
For an observing article, see Scott Harrington. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021), 22-29.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4861. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing that
he picked up 1 Zw 49.
Hubble Space Telescope image.

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NGC 5033 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5005

NGC 5033

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5033 13 13 27.8 +36 35 40 10.2 10.7 x 5.0' 21, 33

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NGC 5033 (Canes Venatici)

NGC 5033 is a type SA(s)c galaxy with graceful and detailed arms lies about 40 mly distant.
H II regions annotated as [EKS96]. See I.N. Evans, A.P. Koratkar, T. Storchi-Bergmann, et al, “An Atlas of H II Regions in
Nearby Seyfert Galaxies,” Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Volume 105 (July 1996): 93-127.
For observing notes with a 24” and a 48” reflector, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 5033. Note: The extremely faint nearly stellar
knot Steve noted in his notes through his 24” is [EKS96] 45.
See Glahn’s sketch with his 27” showing detail in the spiral arms

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NGC 5055, M 63 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

M 63

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5055 (M 63) 13 15 49.4 +42 02 01 8.6 13.2 x 7.9' 21

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NGC 5055, M 63 (Canes Venatici)

M63 is a SAbc galaxy that lies 29 mly distant and part of the M51 group of galaxies. Some calls it the Sunflower Galaxy.
H II region [KWB2013] annotations from M.S. Khramtsova, D.S. Wiebe, et al, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in spatially
resolved extragalactic star forming complexes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 421, Issue 2 (May 2013):
2006-2016.
[HK83] 28 is the closest to this obvious H II region, but the coordinates are off a tinge to the right, so I used [HK83] 28.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 14.5” reflector.
For an excellent discussion, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic
Objects, Volume 3: Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016), pp. 172-177.

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NGC 5194, M 51 (Canes Venatici)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5195
M 51

NGC 5198

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5194 (M 51) 13.29 52.7 +47 11 43 8.4v 10.3 x 8.1' 45,D2

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NGC 5194, M 51 (Canes Venatici)

M51 is one of the best examples of a face on spiral galaxy and lies 23 mly away from us.
For an advanced observing article, see Howard Banich. “Sketching M51” Sky & Telescope (July 2011), 36-39. All annotations are
from Banich’s article, however for more, see the article. Also see his website, Banich Notes
For detailed observing notes of M 51 plus H II regions through a 48” reflector, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 5194.
See Glahn’s sketch with his 27” and 14.5” reflectors showing how much detail can be picked up.
In addition to the annotations from Banich and others, [L2000] 750 and [BGG2008] a1 are among the two brightest SSCs.
For more on the history and astrophysics, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and
Extragalactic Objects, Volume 3: Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc.,
2016), pp. 186-203

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IC 2497 (Leo Minor)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3021
NGC 3003

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

IC 2497 09 41 04.1 +34 43 59 15.5g 0.4 x 0.3' 35

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IC 2497 (Leo Minor)

IC 2497 is a non-descript galaxy that was made famous because of Hanny's Voorwerp. It is 640 mly away.
For discussion of Hanny’s Voorwerp, see Chris J. Lintott, et al, “Galaxy Zoo: `Hanny's Voorwerp: a quasar light echo?,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Oct 2009): 129-140.
Hanny’s Voorwerp is an ionized gas injected from the host galaxy. Observation note: use a broadband filter that passes 524nm
(5243 Angstroms). The object is over 600 million light years away so the primary O-III line at 500.7nm was redshifted almost 24nm
to 524.3nm, which would take it outside the typical O-III filter and any well-made narrowband filters. For O III redshift, see Lintott,
Chris J., et al, “Galaxy Zoo: `Hanny's Voorwerp', a quasar light echo?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Oct
2009), 133
A quasar is likely at the core of IC 2497, see H. Rampadarath, et al, “Hanny's Voorwerp . Evidence of AGN activity and a nuclear
starburst in the central regions of IC 2497,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 517 (July 2010): L8
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NGC 3395, 3396 (Leo Minor)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3396
NGC 3430 NGC 3395

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3395 10 49 49.3 +32 59 09 12.1 1.7 x 0.8' 34
NGC 3396 10 49 55.1 +32 59 38 12.5 1.1 x 0.9’

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NGC 3395, 3396 (Leo Minor)

NGC 3395 and 3396 are types SAB(rs)cd pec and IBm pec respectively. Both interactive galaxies lie about 54 mly away with an
large uncertainty of +/- 23 mly.
Annotations from D. Weistrop, C. H. Nelson, R. Angione, and R. Bachilla, “Physical Properties of the Star-forming Regions in
the Interacting Galaxies NGC 3395/NGC 3396,” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 159, Issue 1, article 17 (Jan 2020). For further
detail, see annotated SDSS image (bottom left inset).
Mark Hancock, Donna Weistrop, Diane Eggers, Charles H. Nelson, “Star-Forming Knots in the UV-Bright Interacting Galaxies
NGC 3395 and NGC 3396,” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 125, Issue 4, (Apr 2003): 1696-1710.
See Glahn’s sketch with his 14.5” reflector under NELM 6 skies. This observation indicated that 14.5” is not enough under below
ideal conditions.

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NGC 3432 (Leo Minor)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3432

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3432 10 52 31.1 +36 37 08 11.7v 6.8 x 1.4' 22,34

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NGC 3432 (Leo Minor)

NGC 3432 is a SB(s)m edge on galaxy that lies 40 mly away.

Papenkova reported the discovery of a super bright variable star on the NE end of NGC 3432. The J2000 coordinates are RA:
10h52m41s.40, Dec: +36o40'08". The magnitudes reported was as high as 17.4 and as low as 21. See Papenkova, M., W. D. Li,
“Variable Star in Field of NGC 3432,” International Astronomical Union Circular, No. 7415, #1 (2000). Edited by Green, D. W. E.
For further study of the variability and magnitude ranges, see Ancla Müller, et al, “Multi-epoch variability of AT 2000ch (SN 2000ch)
in NGC 3432. A radio continuum and optical study,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 670, article id A130 (Feb 2023). Inset
showing the variable star is from a screengrab of the PanSTARRS image on the CDS portal found here.
The Hubble Space Telescope image shows a lot of rich H II region across the surface with highest concentration on the northwest
end. Note that NED does not have any extragalactic regions labeled. The brighter regions are noted.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing the combined light of the two major H II regions plus the extended knot on the north end.

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NGC 2903 (Leo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 2916

NGC 2903

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 2903 09 32 10.1 +21 30 03 9.1v 12.6 x 6.0' 35,47

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NGC 2903 (Leo)

NGC 2903 is a type SAB(rs)bc barred spiral galaxy that is fairly isolated. It lies 30 mly away in the direction of Leo. This was
considered one of the brightest non-Messier galaxies.
Numerical annotations from F. Bresolin, D. Schaerer, et al, “A VLT Study of metal-rich extragalactic H II regions,” Astronomy &
Astrophysics, Volume 441, Number 3 (Oct 2005): 981-997
H II region [VS65] annotations from Véron, P. and A.Sauvayre, “Étude des Galaxies en lumière monochromatique H. II. NGC
2403 - NGC 2903 - NGC 4490,” Annales d'Astrophysique, Volume 28 (Feb 1965): 698-715.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes at: NGC 2903. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 14.5”
Hubble Space Telescope image.

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NGC 3239 (Leo)
N
E

N
E

CGCG 94-14

NGC 3239

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3239 10 20 05.5 +17 09 35 12.9 1.4 x 1.3' 46

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NGC 3239 (Leo)

NGC 3239 is a type IB(s)m pec galaxy sitting 86 mly away.

For observing notes with a 48’ telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3239.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing 2 knots.

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NGC 3389 (Leo)
N
E

N NGC 3377
E

NGC 3367

NGC 3412

NGC 3384
M 105
NGC 3389

M 96
M 95

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3389 10 48 27.2 +12 32 05 12.8 2.8 x 1.3' 46

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NGC 3389 (Leo)

NGC 3389 is a type SA(s)c galaxy and lies about 65 mly away.
For observing notes with a 24” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3389.

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NGC 3447 (Leo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3455

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3447 10 53 23.4 +16 46 26 14.7 4.2 x 2.4 46

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NGC 3447 (Leo)

NGC 3447 is a type SAm galaxy that lies 45 mly away. It is interacting with NGC 3447A to the east.
Inspecting the Hubble Space Telescope image helps clarify which “knot” is a background galaxy or star. [HK83] 3 is a bright
blue object in the Hubble image, possibly a Wolf Rayet star?

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NGC 3627, M 66 (Leo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3628

M 65
M 66
NGC 3593

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3627 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 8.9v 9.1 x 4.1' 46

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NGC 3627, M 66 (Leo)

M66 is a type SAB(s)b galaxy that lies 31 mly away in the direction of Leo. The diameter is 96 kly.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3627. Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing knotty detail.

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NGC 4189 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N NGC 4262 M 98
E

NGC 4298
NGC 4302
M 99

NGC 4212

NGC 4189

NGC 4168
NGC 4216 NGC 4193
NGC 4206

NGC 4267

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4189 12 13 47.0 +13 25 36 11.7 2.6 x 1.5' D2

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NGC 4189 (Coma Berenices)

NGC 4189 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy and about 100 mly away.

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NGC 4204 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4204

NGC 4158

NGC 4336

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4204 12 15 14.4 +20 39 33 12.4 3.6 x 2.9' 45

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NGC 4204 (Coma Berenices)

NGC 4204 is a type SB(s)dm small dwarf galaxy and lies about 32 mly away.
On the PanSTARRS image, Markarian 1315 appears as a bright Wolf Rayet star (?) or a very compact OB association.

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NGC 4254, M 99 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N
E M 100
NGC 4396
NGC 4379
NGC 4312
NGC 4421
NGC 4237

NGC 4419

NGC 4262 M 98
NGC 4377
NGC 4298
NGC 4302
M 99

NGC 4212

NGC 4189

NGC 4216 NGC 4193

NGC 4435 NGC 4402
NGC 4438 NGC 4206
M 86

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4254 12 18 49.6 +14 24 59 9.87v 5.4’ x 4.7’ 45, D2

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NGC 4254, M 99 (Coma Berenices)

M99 is a type SA(s)c galaxy that lies 45 mly away.

Annotations from K. Chuvaev and I Pronik, “H II Regions in NGC 628, NGC 4254, and 5194,” The Spiral Structure of our
Galaxy, Proceedings from 38th International Astronomical Union Symposium Edited by Wilhelm Becker and Georgios Ioannou
Kontopoulos. International Astronomical Union Symposium, no. 38, Dordrecht, Reidel, (1970): 83
For an observing article, see Scott Harrington. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021), 22-29.
Note that annotation #27 is the same as HK 1 = “[HK83] 1” in Harrington’s article.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4254.
Glahn’s sketch using a 16” showing two knots plus spiral detail.

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NGC 4321, M 100 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N
E
NGC 4450

NGC 4498
NGC 4489
NGC 4340
NGC 4350
NGC 4383

NGC 4405

M 100
NGC 4396
NGC 4379
NGC 4312
NGC 4421
NGC 4237

NGC 4419
IC 3392
NGC 4262
NGC 4377
NGC 4298
NGC 4302
M 88 M 99

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4321 (M 100) 12 22 54.7 +15 49 28 9.4 7.4 x 6.3' 45, D2

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NGC 4321, M 100 (Coma Berenices)

M100 is a type SAB(s)bc galaxy sitting 55 mly away in the direction of Coma Berenices. The diameter is about 107 kly across.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4321.
Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector.

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NGC 4559 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4559

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4559 12 35 57.6 +27 57 36 10.0v 10.8 x 4.3' 33

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NGC 4559 (Coma Berenices)

NGC 4559 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy sitting at a distance of 29 mly from us.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4559.
Glahn picked up several knots with a 16” reflector in this sketch.

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NGC 4725 (Coma Berenices)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4747

NGC 4725

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4725 12 50 26.3 +25 30 03 9.4 10.7 x 7.6' 33

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NGC 4725 (Coma Berenices)

NGC 4725 is a type SAB(r)ab pec midsized barred spiral galaxy sitting 40 mly away in the direction of the north celestial pole.
Observers from this galaxy would see the Milky Way as a face on barred spiral galaxy.
H II regions annotated with [BSB2006] is from T. R. Bradley, et al, “A composite H ii region luminosity function in Hα of
unprecedented statistical weight,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 459, Issue 1 (Nov 2006): L13-L16. Note that the SDSS inset
has the same annotations, but without “[BSB2006]” for clarity.
For observations with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4725. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” showing Darth
Vader’s tie fighter shape.
These may be very difficult to observe.

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NGC 4178 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4294
NGC 4299

NGC 4178

NGC 4124

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4178 12 12 46.4 +10 51 58 12.9b 5.1 x 1.8' D2

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NGC 4178 (Virgo)

NGC 4178 is a type SB(s)dm late type small barred spiral galaxy. It lies 44 mly away as part of the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies.
R. C. Kennicutt Jr., “H II regions as extragalactic distance indicators. IV - The Virgo cluster,” Astrophysical Journal, Part 1,
Volume 247 (July 1981): 9-16.
Glahn picked up two knots on the southern tip with a 16” reflector in this sketch.

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NGC 4294, 4299 (Virgo)
N
E

N M 86
E M 84
NGC 4387 NGC 4267
NGC 4425NGC 4388
NGC 4413

NGC 4476
NGC 4478 NGC 4440
NGC 4351

NGC 4452 NGC 4313

NGC 4371

NGC 4294
NGC 4299

NGC 4429

NGC 4380
Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA
NGC 4294 12 21 17.6 +11 30 46 12.1 2.3 x 0.9' D2
NGC 4299 12 21 40.0 +11 30 16 12.5 1.6 x 1.5'
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NGC 4294, 4299 (Virgo)

NGC 4294 is a type SB(s)cd galaxy that is 55 mly away and part of the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4299 is a type SAB(s)dm dwarf
galaxy.
A possible variable star was detected by Dimai (2013), see A Dimai, et al., “Psn J12211796+1130252 in NGC 4294,” Central
Bureau Electronic Telegrams, No. 3419, #1 (Feb 2013). Edited by Green, D. W. E.
Glahn picked up incredible detail in both galaxies with his 27” reflector in this sketch.

NGC 4532 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E NGC 4470
NGC 4623 NGC 4526

NGC 4612
NGC 4570

NGC 4532

NGC 4580

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4532 12 34 19.3 +06 28 04 11.9 2.8 x 1.1' D3

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NGC 4532 (Virgo)

NGC 4532 is a type IBm small irregular galaxy that sits about 45 mly from the Milky Way.
Note that NED does not have any extragalactic regions labeled. The brighter regions are noted. Gottlieb noted that the NNW end
is a bit brighter and mottled than the other end with his 24”, which is consistent with the H II regions/SFR.

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NGC 4535 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E NGC 4578

NGC 4522

NGC 4469
NGC 4519

NGC 4488
NGC 4535 NGC 4464
NGC 4492
M 49

NGC 4470
NGC 4526

NGC 4612
NGC 4570

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4535 12 34 20.2 +08 11 57 9.7 5.9 x 2.9' 45, 57, D3

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NGC 4535 (Virgo)

NGC 4535 is a type SAB(s)c barred spiral galaxy that sits 54 mly away and part of the Virgo cluster.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4535. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 20”
Hubble Space Telescope image.

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NGC 4536 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E NGC 4457

NGC 4636 NGC 4527

NGC 4536

NGC 4643

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4536 12 34 27.0 +02 11 19 10.6 4.6 x 2.4' 57, D3

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NGC 4536 (Virgo)

NGC 4536 is a type SAB(rs)bc midsized barred spiral galaxy that is 49 mly away from us and part of the Virgo Cluster.
H II region [MKH2012] annotations from Ye-Wei Mao, et al, “Characterizing Ultraviolet and Infrared Observational Properties
for Galaxies. I. Influences of Dust Attenuation and Stellar Population Age” The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 757, Issue 1, article 52
(Sept 2012).
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4536. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16”
Taking a closer look at the Hubble Space Telescope image indicates that most of the [HK83] annotations are star forming regions
or OB associations.

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NGC 4654 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4689

NGC 4639
NGC 4654

NGC 4606

M 59
Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA
NGC 4654 12 43 56.5 +13 07 42 11.9 4.5 x 2.0 45

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NGC 4654 (Virgo)

NGC 4654 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy sitting 55 mly away as part of the Virgo cloud of galaxies.
Glahn’s sketch showing all of the knots picked up with his 27” reflector as labeled in the SDSS inset.
Hubble Space Telescope image.

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NGC 4731 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4697

MCG -1-33-3

NGC 4731

NGC 4775

NGC 4786

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4731 12 51 01.0 -06 23 35 12.0 4.0 x 1.1' 57, 69

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NGC 4731 (Virgo)

NGC 4731 is a type SBc flat barred spiral galaxy that is about 43 mly away.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4731. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector.

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UGC 8091 (GR 8) (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4866

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

UGC 8091 (GR 8) 12 58 40.2 +14 13 08 15 0.8' 45

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UGC 8091 (GR 8) (Virgo)

GR 8 is a small dwarf galaxy of type ImV sitting not too far from the Local Group at 7.9 mly away. For discussion on the nature
of this very small galaxy. See Paul W. Hodge, “The Nature of the Remarkable Galaxy G. R. 8,” Astrophysical Journal, Volume 148
(June 1967): 719-725. It was later determined that GR 8 is 7.9 million light years distant, which is outside of the Local Group.
The PanSTARRS image shows that [HK83] 4 is a H II region next to two foreground stars (white), which forms an equilateral
triangle. However, the Hubble Space Telescope image shows that the H II region envelops the entire area including the “double” star.
The H II region, [HK83]13/14 appears to have a brighter knot on the western edge.

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NGC 4939 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

MCG -2-34-6 NGC 4939

NGC 4933A

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4939 13 04 14.4 -10 20 24 13.8 3.0 x 2.0' 69

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NGC 4939 (Virgo)

NGC 4939 is a type SA(s)bc galaxy that sits 118 mly distant and a giant 190 kly across.
H II region [EKS96] annotations, see I.N. Evans, A.P. Koratkar, T. Storchi-Bergmann, et al, “An Atlas of H II Regions in Nearby
Seyfert Galaxies,” Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Volume 105 (July 1996): 93-127.

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NGC 5247 is a type SA(s)bc galaxy that is about 60 mly away.

Gottlieb observed this object with a 48” reflector, see his notes and notated the five marked knots on the PanSTARRS image.
Also, Glahn sketched this object with his 16” reflector and detected one knot at the tip of the southern arm. See his sketch.

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NGC 5468 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5493

NGC 5468

NGC 5427
NGC 5476 NGC 5426

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5468 14 06 34.9 -05 27 11 12.5 2.6 x 2.4' 56, 68

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NGC 5468 (Virgo)

NGC 5468 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy that is 138 mly away. Six supernovae were seen since 1999.
Taking a closer look at the composite James Webb Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope image resulted in the above
labels. Glahn picked up both SFRs with his 14.5” reflector as shown in this sketch and Gottlieb also picked up both knots with a 48”,
see notes.

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NGC 5584 (Virgo)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5584

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5584 14 22 23.8 -00 23 15 11.4 3.4 x 2.5' 56

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NGC 5584 (Virgo)

NGC 5584 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy that sies 75 mly away and more than 50 kly across.
Taking a closer look at the Hubble Space Telescope image (Note: The Hubble image is almost upside down) indicates that there
are two foreground stars and one H II region.
NED does not have any extragalactic regions labeled, only the brightest region is noted.

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NGC 3023 (Sextans)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3044

NGC 3023

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3023 09 49 52.6 +00 37 04 13.0 2.9 x 1.4' 59

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NGC 3023 (Sextans)

NGC 3023 is a type SAB(s)c pec galaxy and located 90 mly away.
Possible Wolf Rayet star (super luminous star or stars) [BKD2008] annotation from J. Brinchmann, D. Kunth, F. Durret.
“Galaxies with Wolf-Rayet signatures in the low-redshift Universe. A survey using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,” Astronomy and
Astrophysics, Volume 485, Issue 3 (July 2008): 657-677.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 27” reflector, showing the one lone labeled extragalactic object as a knot.

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NGC 3423 (Sextans)
N
E

N
E

NGC 3423

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3423 10 51 14.3 +05 50 24 12.1b 3.8 x 3.2' 58

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NGC 3423 (Sextans)

NGC 3423 is a type SA(s)cd galaxy and situated about 42 mly away.
H II region [ZBF2015] annotations from Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel, et al, “Comparative internal kinematics of the H II regions in
interacting and isolated galaxies: implications for massive star formation modes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 451, Issue 2 (Aug 2015): 1307-1330.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3423.

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NGC 3109 (Hydra)
N
E

N
E

MCG -4-24-7
NGC 3109

NGC 3078

IC 2537

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 3109 10 03 05.8 -26 09 39 10.7 19.1 x 3.7’ 82, 83

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NGC 3109 (Hydra)

NGC 3109 is a type SB(s)m small galaxy that is just outside the Local Group at 4.3 mly away. In addition to the H II regions,
there is potentially very difficult planetary nebula that may be observable with a very large telescope.
H II region [RM92] annotation from Michael G. Richer and Marshall L. McCall, “Planetary Nebulae and H II Regions in NGC
3109,” Astronomical Journal, Volume103, Number 1 (Jan 1992): 54-59.
For PNe7, the brightest planetary nebula in NGC 3109, see M. Pena, et al, “A catalog of planetary nebula candidates and HII
regions in NGC 3109,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 466 (2007): 75-82. Also see Michael G. Richer, Marshall L. McCall,
“Planetary Nebulae and H II Regions in NGC 3109,” Astronomical Journal, Volume 103 (Jan 1992): 54-59 for the original paper on
planetary nebulae. See PanSTARRS inset. Note: PNe7 is my own designation for the planetary nebula.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 3109.

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NGC 4027 (Corvus)
N
E

N
E
NGC 4033

NGC 4024

NGC 4038
NGC 4039

NGC 4027

NGC 3957

NGC 3981

NGC 3956

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4027 11 59 30.2 -19 15 15 11.1v 2.8 x 2.5' 69, 70

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NGC 4027 (Corvus)

NGC 4027 is a type SB(s)dm small barred spiral galaxy that shows a weird asymmetrical huge arm. It lies 83 mly away towards
west Corvus near the border with Crater.
The distortion of the one-armed galaxy is likely due to the interaction with its companion 4’ to the south. See Bikram Phookun, et
al, “NGC 4027: an Interacting One-armed Spiral Galaxy with a Warped Ring,” Astrophysical Journal, Volume 400 (Dec 1992): 516-
527.
For observing notes with a 24” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4027
Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector.

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NGC 4038, 4039 (Corvus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 4033

NGC 4024

NGC 4038
NGC 4039

NGC 4027

NGC 3981

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 4038 12 01 53.0 -18 52 03 10.9p 3.7 x 1.7' 69, 70
NGC 4039 12 01 53.8 -18 53 05 11.1p 4.0 x 2.2'
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NGC 4038, 4039 (Corvus)

NGC 4038 and 4039 are the famous Antennae Galaxies which are interacting and spewing out two long curved streams of stars
giving it the name. It lies 45 mly away.
V. G. Metlov, “Giant H II regions in the interacting galaxies NGC 4038-4039,” Soviet Astronomy, Volume 22 (Nov-Dec 1978):
660-663. See inset for detailed annotations. Inset is from PanSTARRS image on the CDS tool.
For observing notes with 24, 48 and 82” telescopes, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 4038/9
Glahn picked up incredible detail in this sketch with a 28” reflector and a 14.5” reflector.

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NGC 5408

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5408 14 03 20.9 -41 22 40 11.6 2.0 x 1.2' 92, 93

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NGC 5408 (Centaurus)

NGC 5408 is a type IB(s)m small irregular galaxy with a huge H II region on one end. It sits 16 mly away in the direction of
central Centaurus, which is not too far from the plane of the Milky Way. Imagine an observer from this small galaxy would see the
Milky Way within 10-20 degrees of being edge on.
Three SSCs were detected and annotated as SSC1-3 in the Hubble Space Telescope image inset. The inset has been cropped and
rotated such that north is up and aligned the DSS photo. See Ian R. Stevens, et al, “Radio observations of super star clusters in dwarf
starburst galaxies,” Monthly Notice of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 335, Issue 4 (Oct 2002): 1079-1084.
For an observing article, see Scott Harrington. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021), 22-29.
Glahn picked up two of the three super star clusters with a 28” reflector as shown in this sketch.
Cropped and rotated inset is from this image from the Hubble Space Telescope.
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NGC 5248 (Boötes)
N
E

N
E

NGC 5248

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 5248 13 37 32.3 +08 52 12 11.0 6.2 x 4.5' 45, 57

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NGC 5248 (Boötes)

NGC 5248 is a type SAB(rs)bc galaxy that sits 59 mly distant near the southern border of Boötes with Virgo. Two arms, both
with rich strings of H II regions which a number are observable.
See inset for SDSS with annotations. I have left out [HK83] for clarity.
For observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 5248. Also see Glahn’s sketch with a 16” reflector.
For more, see Jeff Kanipe and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 2:
Aquila, Ara, Aries, Auriga, Boötes, Caelum. (Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2015), 212-214.

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NGC 6070 (Serpens)
N
E

N
E

NGC 6070

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 6070 16 09 58.6 +00 42 32 11.8 3.5 x 1.9' 55

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NGC 6070 (Serpens)

NGC 6070 is a type SA(s)cd galaxy and is situated about 95 mly away. Two observable H II region are on the eastern edge.
H II region [ZBF2015] annotations from Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel, et al, “Comparative internal kinematics of the H II regions in
interacting and isolated galaxies: implications for massive star formation modes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
Volume 451, Issue 2 (Aug 2015): 1307 – 1330.
See Glahn’s sketch picking up both H II regions with his 27” reflector.

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NGC 6946 (Cepheus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 6939

NGC 6946

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 6946 20 34 54.8 +60 09 08 9.6 11.6 x 9.8' 8, 9

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NGC 6946 (Cepheus)

NGC 6946 is a type SAB(rs)cd galaxy that sits 25 mly away and about 87 kly across. The sheer number of H II region gave it the
name of Fireworks Galaxy.
Matonick reported 27 possible supernova remnants. I think at least one, MF 16, may be observable with a very large amateur
telescope. See David M. Matonick and Robert A. Fesen, “Optically Identified Supernova Remnants in the Nearby Spiral Galaxies:
NGC 5204, NGC 5585, NGC 6946, M81, and M101,” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 112, Issue 1 (Sept
1997): 49-107. Also see Bryan Dunne, et al. “What Produced the Ultraluminous Supernova Remnant in NGC 6946?” The
Astronomical Journal Volume 119, Issue 3 (Mar 2000): 1172-1179. See inset for finder chart.
A brighter SNR was uncovered in C. Lacey, et al, “A Survey of Compact Radio Sources in NGC 6946.” The Astrophysical
Journal Supplement Series Volume 109 (Apr 1997): 417-460. It is annotated as LDG 23.
For more, see Gottlieb, Steve “Celestial Fireworks” Sky & Telescope (July 2013), Howard Banich, “NGC 6946” Amateur
Astronomy, Issue 73 (Winter 2012): 54-55, and Scott Harrington, “A Field Guide to Observing NGC 6946”.
For extensive observing notes with a 48” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes at: NGC 6946.
Uwe Glahn’s beautiful sketch with a 14.5” reflector.
[H69] 33 (NGC 6946-1447)may be a young globular cluster, see the article by a German amateur astronomer and detailed sketch
by Glahn of this extragalactic object with his 27” at 837x

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NGC 7250 (Lacerta)
N
E

N
E

UGC 11973

NGC 7223

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7250 22 18 17.8 +40 33 45 12.6v 1.7 x 0.8’ 16, 17

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NGC 7250 (Lacerta)

NGC 7250 is an irregular galaxy that is 50 mly away. A blazing mag 10.9 star lies less that 1’ SSE from the center and can
interview with the observation. On the north end, there is an interesting triangle shaped star forming region.
The H II region [HMR2016] annotation, see Samantha L. Hoffman1, Lucas M. Macri, Adam G. Riess, et al. “Optical
Identification of Cepheids in 19 Host Galaxies of Type 1a Supernovae and NGC 4258 with the Hubble Space Telescope,” The
Astrophysical Journal Volume 830, Number 1 (Oct 2016), 10 pp.
For observing notes with a 24” telescope, see Steve Gottlieb’s notes: NGC 7250.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 27” reflector showing two distinct knots where it was labeled.

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NGC 7218 (Aquarius)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7218

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7218 22 10 11.7 -16 39 40 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 64

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NGC 7218 (Aquarius)

NGC 7218 is a type SB(r)c galaxy sitting 73 mly in the direction of southern part of Aquarius.
In the PanSTARRS image, there are two possibly observable H II regions on each end and one large star cloud on the west side.

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NGC 7496 (Grus)
N
E

N
E

NGC 7590
NGC 7582
NGC 7599
NGC 7552

NGC 7496

NGC 7531

Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA

NGC 7496 23 09 47.3 -43 25 40 11.1 3.3 x 3.0' 88

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NGC 7496 (Grus)

NGC 7496 is a type (R')SB(rs)bc galaxy that sits 61 mly away and about 75 kly across. It is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy. Two notable
features are observable: a super star cluster on the south end and a string of star forming region on the north arm.
Note that NED does not have any extragalactic regions labeled. The brighter regions are noted.
See Glahn’s sketch with a 24” reflector showing the knotty SFR region and the SSC.
A composite image from the Hubble, James Webb and a radio telescope shows a massive star forming region that stretches across
¼ of the north arm and a blue super star cluster at the southern tip. Composite image of NGC 7496

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Extragalactic Objects within Host Galaxies (Sorted by Host Galaxy)

Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const

Henize 2-10
132 08 36 15.1 -26 24 34 11.1 1.8' 83 Pix
(ESO 495-21)
Holmberg II
138 08 19 01.2 +70 43 19 11.4 7.9 x 6.3' 5, 6 UMa
(UGC 4305)
Holmberg IV
182 13 54 46.3 +53 54 20 14.2 2.1 x 0.7' 11 UMa
(UGC 8837)
108 IC 342 03 46 46.2 +68 05 32 9.1 21.4 x 20.9' 6, 7, 14 Cam
198 IC 1291 18 33 52.6 +49 16 43 13.0 1.8 x 1.5' 18, 19 Dra
234 IC 2497 09 41 04.1 +34 43 59 15.5 0.4 x 0.3' 35 LMi
152 IC 2574 10 28 21.2 +68 24 59 10.4 13.2 x 5.4' 5, 12 UMa
Kiso 5639
166 11 41 07.5 +32 25 37 15.5 0.4 x 0.2' 34 UMa
(PGC 36252)
38 NGC 45 00 14 03.9 -23 10 52 10.7 8.5 x 5.9' 87 Cet
60 NGC 55 00 14 54.0 -39 11 34 7.9 32.4 x 5.6' 88, 99 Scl
40 NGC 157 00 34 46.9 -08 23 42 10.4 3.0 x 1.7' 63, 75 Cet
42 NGC 210 00 40 34.8 -13 52 28 10.9 5.0 x 3.3' 75 Cet
44 NGC 247 00 47 08.5 -20 45 37 9.9v 21.4 x 6.9' 75, 87 Cet
62 NGC 253 00 47 33.2 -25 17 18 8.0v 27.5 x 6.8' 87 Scl
72 NGC 278 00 52 04.3 +47 33 02 10.8 2.1 x 2.0' 27 Ari
64 NGC 300 00 54 53.5 -37 41 03 9.0 21.9 x 15.5' 87, 99 Scl
46 NGC 337 00 59 50.3 -07 34 43 11.6 2.9 x 1.8' 75 Cet
48 NGC 428 01 12 55.7 +00 58 56 12.1 2.3 x 2.0' 63 Cet
50 NGC 450 01 15 30.5 -00 51 39 11.5 3.1 x 2.3' 63 Cet
34 NGC 470 01 19 44.7 +03 24 37 11.8 2.0 x 1.3' 63 Psc
66 NGC 625 01 35 04.6 -41 26 12 11.1 5.8 x 1.9' 98, 99 Phe
68 NGC 672 01 47 54.2 +27 25 51 11.4 6.5 x 1.8' 38, 39 Tri
36 NGC 628 (M 74) 01 36 41.6 +15 46 57 9.4 10.5 x 9.5' 51 Psc
74 NGC 772 01 59 19.2 +19 00 23 10.3 4.7 x 3.8' 50, 51 Ari
52 NGC 864 02 15 27.8 +06 00 09 10.9 4.7 x 3.5' 62 Cet
100 NGC 922 02 25 04.4 -24 47 18 12.2 1.9 x 1.8' 86 For
70 NGC 925 02 27 16.3 +33 34 36 10.1 7.3 x 3.2' 38 Tri
76 NGC 972 02 34 12.8 +29 18 34 12.1 2.4 x 1.0' 38 Ari
78 NGC 1012 02 39 14.9 +30 09 05 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 38 Ari
54 NGC 1068 (M 77) 02 42 40.8 -00 00 48 8.9v 7.1 x 6.0' 62 Cet
56 NGC 1073 02 43 40.3 +01 22 33 11.0v 4.9 x 4.5' 62 Cet
82 NGC 1084 02 45 59.3 -07 34 38 10.7 2.6 x 1.6' 62, 74 Eri
102 NGC 1097 02 46 18.4 -30 16 19 9.5 6.0 x 3.3' 86 For
84 NGC 1140 02 54 32.9 -10 01 37 12.5 0.9 x 0.5' 74 Eri
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Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
80 NGC 1156 02 59 42.3 +25 14 16 11.7 2.6 x 1.7' 38 Ari
86 NGC 1232 03 09 44.8 -20 34 37 9.9 5.4 x 4.5' 74, 86 Eri
88 NGC 1253 03 14 09.1 -02 49 22 11.7 5.2 x 2.3' 62 Eri
90 NGC 1300 03 19 40.3 -19 24 33 10.4 7.1 x 3.4' 74 Eri
92 NGC 1359 03 33 46.8 -19 29 24 12.6 1.7 x 0.5' 74 Eri
104 NGC 1365 03 33 35.4 -36 08 15 9.6 5.4 x 4.1' 86, 98, D10 For
106 NGC 1385 03 27 28.7 -24 30 08 10.9 3.4 x 2.0' 86 For
94 NGC 1421 03 42 29.4 -13 29 20 11.4 3.5 x 0.9' 74 Eri
96 NGC 1507 04 04 27.2 -02 11 19 12.3 3.6 x 0.9' 61 Eri
98 NGC 1532 04 12 02.5 -32 51 01 9.8 12.6 x 3.0 85, 86 Eri
110 NGC 1569 04 30 46.7 +64 50 42 11.0 3.4 x 1.5 6, 7, 14 Cam
126 NGC 1832 05 12 02.1 -15 41 11 12.2 2.0 x 1.7' 73 Lep
112 NGC 1961 05 42 04.8 +69 22 42 11.0 4.6 x 3.0' 6 Cam
114 NGC 2146 06 18 37.7 +78 21 25 10.6 5.4 x 2.9' 5, 6 Cam
130 NGC 2188 06 10 09.5 -34 06 22 11.7 4.3 x 1.1' 84, 85, 97 Col
128 NGC 2207 06 16 22.1 -21 22 22 10.9 3.9 x 2.2' 72, 84 CMa
122 NGC 2276 07 26 56.6 +85 45 19 12.3 2.4 x 1.7' 1 Cep
116 NGC 2366 07 28 51.9 +69 12 31 11.4v 8.2 x 3.3' 5, 6, 13 Cam
118 NGC 2403 07 36 48.2 +65 36 13 8.9v 21.9 x 12.3' 5, 6, 13 Cam
200 NGC 2445 07 46 55.1 +39 00 55 13.0 1.4 x 1.1' 23, 24, 36 Lyn
202 NGC 2500 08 01 51.2 +50 44 19 11.6 2.3 x 1.5' 13, 23, 24 Lyn
124 NGC 2535 08 11 13.5 +25 12 23 12.8 2.5 x 1.2' 35 Cnc
204 NGC 2537 08 13 12.8 +45 59 29 11.7 2.2 x 1.9' 23, 24 Lyn
206 NGC 2541 08 14 40.2 +49 03 43 11.8 6.3 x 3.2' 23, 24 Lyn
120 NGC 2633 08 48 00.3 +74 06 05 12.4 1.8 x 0.9' 5, 6 Cam
208 NGC 2782 09 14 03.7 +40 06 59 11.6 1.7 x 1.3' 23 Lyn
140 NGC 2805 09 20 17.9 +64 06 21 11.9 1.8 x 1.5' 12, 13 UMa
142 NGC 2820A 09 21 30.1 +64 14 20 15.0v 0.8 x 0.4' 12, 13 UMa
300 NGC 2835 09 17 52.8 -22 21 17 10.5 6.6 x 4.4' 71 Hya
240 NGC 2903 09 32 10.1 +21 30 03 9.1v 12.6 x 6.0' 35,47 Leo
144 NGC 2976 09 47 12.8 +67 55 12 10.2 6.0 x 2.2' 5, 12 UMa
134 NGC 2997 09 45 38.8 -31 11 27 9.4v 9.2 x 7.4' 82, 83 Ant
296 NGC 3023 09 49 52.6 +00 37 04 13.0 2.9 x 1.4' 59 Sex
146 NGC 3031 (M 81) 09 55 30.5 +69 04 09 6.9 26.9 x 14.1' 5, 12 UMa
148 NGC 3034 (M 82) 09 55 52.4 +69 40 47 8.4v 11.3 x 4.2' 5 UMa
306 NGC 3109 10 03 05.8 -26 09 39 10.7 19.1 x 3.7' 82, 83 Hya
136 NGC 3125 10 06 33.1 -29 56 08 13.0 1.1 x 0.7' 82, 83 Ant
150 NGC 3184 10 18 17.0 +41 25 28 12.7 6.7 x 5.8' 22, 23 UMa
242 NGC 3239 10 20 05.5 +17 09 35 12.9 1.4 x 1.3' 46 Leo
154 NGC 3319 10 39 09.5 +41 41 13 11.1 6.2 x 3.4' 22 UMa
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Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
156 NGC 3359 10 46 35.2 +63 13 41 10.6 4.7 x 1.9' 12 UMa
244 NGC 3389 10 48 27.2 +12 32 05 12.8 2.8 x 1.3' 46 Leo
NGC 3395 10 49 49.3 +32 59 09 12.1 1.7 x 0.8'
236 34 LMi
NGC 3396 10 49 55.1 +32 59 38 12.5 1.1 x 0.9'
298 NGC 3423 10 51 14.3 +05 50 24 12.1b 3.8 x 3.2' 58 Sex
238 NGC 3432 10 52 31.1 +36 37 08 11.7v 6.8 x 1.4' 22,34 LMi
246 NGC 3447 10 53 23.4 +16 46 26 14.7 4.2 x 2.4 46 Leo
158 NGC 3448 10 54 39.2 +54 18 19 12.2b 4.8 x 1.4' 12, 22 UMa
160 NGC 3556 (M 108) 11 11 29.9 +55 40 43 10.0 8.7 x 2.2' 12 UMa
302 NGC 3621 11 18 16.5 -32 48 51 9.6v 11.0 x 4.8' 82 Hya
248 NGC 3627 (M 66) 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 8.9v 9.1 x 4.1' 46 Leo
162 NGC 3631 11 21 02.9 +53 10 10 11.0b 5.0 x 4.7' 12, 22 UMa
164 NGC 3690 11 28 32.3 +58 33 43 11.5 2.9 x 2.1' 11, 12 UMa
168 NGC 3893 11 48 38.2 +48 42 39 10.7v 4.5 x 2.7' 21, 22 UMa
170 NGC 3938 11 52 48.9 +44 07 30 10.4 4.0 x 3.8' 21, 22 UMa
172 NGC 3991 11 57 30.5 +32 20 03 13.1 1.4 x 0.4' 33, 34 UMa
308 NGC 4027 11 59 30.2 -19 15 15 11.1v 2.8 x 2.5' 69, 70 Crv
NGC 4038 12 01 53.0 -18 52 03 10.9p 3.7 x 1.7'
310 69, 70 Crv
NGC 4039 12 01 53.8 -18 53 05 11.1p 4.0 x 2.2'
174 NGC 4051 12 03 09.6 +44 31 53 12.9v 5.2 x 4.6' 21, 22 UMa
11, 12, 21,
176 NGC 4102 12 06 23.0 +52 42 40 11.2 3.0 x 1.7' UMa
22
262 NGC 4178 12 12 46.4 +10 51 58 12.9b 5.1 x 1.8' D2 Vir
250 NGC 4189 12 13 47.0 +13 25 36 11.7 2.6 x 1.5' D2 Com
252 NGC 4204 12 15 14.4 +20 39 33 12.4 3.6 x 2.9' 45 Com
210 NGC 4214 12 15 39.2 +36 19 37 9.9v 7.4 x 6.5' 21,22,33,34 CVn
190 NGC 4236 12 16 41.4 +69 28 05 10.5 21.9 x 7.2' 4, 5 Dra
254 NGC 4254 (M 99) 12 18 49.6 +14 24 59 9.87v 5.4’ x 4.7’ 45, D2 Com
212 NGC 4258 (M 106) 12 18 58.1 +47 18 13 8.4 18.6 X 7.2' 21, 22 CVn
NGC 4294 12 21 17.6 +11 30 46 12.1 2.3 x 0.9'
264 D2 Vir
NGC 4299 12 21 40.0 +11 30 16 12.5 1.6 x 1.5'
266 NGC 4303 (M 61) 12 21 54.7 +04 28 29 9.7 9.7 x 5.8' 57, D3 Vir
256 NGC 4321 (M 100) 12 22 54.7 +15 49 28 9.4 7.4 x 6.3' 45, D2 Com
214 NGC 4395 12 25 48.7 +33 33 01 10.2 13.2 x 11.0' 33 CVn
268 NGC 4438 12 27 45.7 +13 00 32 10.17v 8.6’ x 3.1’ 45, D2 Vir
216 NGC 4449 12 28 11.1 +44 05 37 9.6v 6.1 x 4.3' 21, 22 CVn
NGC 4485 12 30 31.1 +41 42 04 11.9v 2.6 x 1.9'
218 57, 69 CVn
NGC 4490 12 30 36.4 +41 38 37 9.8v 6.3 x 2.7'
270 NGC 4486 (M 87) 12 30 49.7 +12 23 24 8.3 7.2 x 6.8' 45, D2 Vir
272 NGC 4532 12 34 19.3 +06 28 04 11.9 2.8 x 1.1' D3 Vir
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Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
274 NGC 4535 12 34 20.2 +08 11 57 9.7 5.9 x 2.9' 45, 57, D3 Vir
276 NGC 4536 12 34 27.0 +02 11 19 10.6 4.6 x 2.4' 57, D3 Vir
258 NGC 4559 12 35 57.6 +27 57 36 10.0v 10.8 x 4.3' 33 Com
178 NGC 4605 12 39 59.4 +61 36 33 10.3 5.8 x 2.2' 11, 12 UMa
220 NGC 4618 12 41 32.9 +41 09 03 10.8 4.2 x 3.4' 21 CVn
222 NGC 4631 12 42 08.0 +32 32 29 9.2v 15.4 x 2.6' 33 CVn
278 NGC 4654 12 43 56.5 +13 07 42 11.9 4.5 x 2.0 45 Vir
224 NGC 4656 12 43 57.6 +32 10 13 10.5v 9.1 x 1.7' 33 CVn
260 NGC 4725 12 50 26.3 +25 30 03 9.4 10.7 x 7.6' 33 Com
280 NGC 4731 12 51 01.0 -06 23 35 12.0 4.0 x 1.1' 57, 69 Vir
226 NGC 4861 12 59 02.3 +34 51 34 12.3v 4.2 x 1.5' 33 CVn
284 NGC 4939 13 04 14.4 -10 20 24 13.8 3.0 x 2.0' 69 Vir
228 NGC 5033 13 13 27.8 +36 35 40 10.2 10.7 x 5.0' 21, 33 CVn
230 NGC 5055 (M 63) 13 15 49.4 +42 02 01 8.6 13.2 x 7.9' 21 CVn
286 NGC 5068 13 18 54.9 -21 02 26 9.9 6.4 x 4.4' 69, 81 Vir
312 NGC 5128 13 25 27.8 -43 01 21 6.8 25.6 x 20.0' 93 Cen
288 NGC 5147 13 26 19.7 +02 06 03 11.8 1.9 x 1.5' 57 Vir
232 NGC 5194 (M 51) 13.29 52.7 +47 11 43 8.4v 10.3 x 8.1' 45,D2 CVn
180 NGC 5204 13 29 36.8 +58 25 26 11.7 2.7 x 1.9' 11 UMa
304 NGC 5236 (M 83) 13.37 00.9 -29 51 57 7.5v 12.8 x 11.4' 81 Hya
290 NGC 5247 13 38 02.5 -17 53 01 10.0 5.6 x 4.9' 69 Vir
320 NGC 5248 13 37 32.3 +08 52 12 11.0 6.2 x 4.5' 45, 57 Boo
314 NGC 5253 13 39 56.0 -31 38 24 10.9 5.0 x 1.9' 81 Cen
316 NGC 5398 14 01 21.6 -33 03 50 12.4v 2.8 x 1.6' 80,81 Cen
318 NGC 5408 14 03 20.9 -41 22 40 11.6 2.0 x 1.2' 92, 93 Cen
184 NGC 5430 14 00 45.8 +59 19 43 11.9 2.2 x 1.1' 11 UMa
186 NGC 5457 (M 101) 14 03 12.6 +54 20 56 7.9v 28.9 x 26.9' 11 UMa
292 NGC 5468 14 06 34.9 -05 27 11 12.5 2.6 x 2.4' 56, 68 Vir
188 NGC 5474 14 05 02.2 +53 40 01 10.8 2.6 x 2.3' 11, 20 UMa
294 NGC 5584 14 22 23.8 -00 23 15 11.4 3.4 x 2.5' 56 Vir
192 NGC 5678 14 32 06.6 +57 55 34 11.8 2.4 x 1.4' 10, 11 Dra
194 NGC 6015 15 51 27.2 +62 18 50 11.1 3.7 x 1.8' 3, 10, 11 Dra
322 NGC 6070 16 09 58.6 +00 42 32 11.8 3.5 x 1.9' 55 Ser
324 NGC 6207 16 43 03.9 +36 49 57 11.6 3.0 x 1.3' 31 Her
326 NGC 6239 16 50 05.6 +42 44 22 12.4 2.6 x 1.1' 19 Her
328 NGC 6764 19 08 16.4 +50 56 00 11.8 2.3 x 1.3' 9, 18 Cyg
330 NGC 6946 20 34 54.8 +60 09 08 9.6 11.6 x 9.8' 8, 9 Cep
334 NGC 7218 22 10 11.7 -16 39 40 12.0 2.5 x 1.1' 64 Aqr
332 NGC 7250 22 18 17.8 +40 33 45 12.6v 1.7 x 0.8' 16, 17 Lac
22 NGC 7331 22 37 05.1 +34 24 50 9.5 10.5 x 3.7' 28, D13 Peg
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 342 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Page Object RA Dec Mag Size iSDA Const
24 NGC 7448 23 00 03.6 +15 58 49 11.6v 2.5 x 1.2' 40 Peg
26 NGC 7479 23 04 57.3 +12 19 21 10.9 4.1 x 3.1' 40 Peg
336 NGC 7496 23 09 47.3 -43 25 40 11.1 3.3 x 3.0' 88 Gru
28 NGC 7678 23 28 27.9 +22 25 17 11.8 2.2 x 1.7' 28, 40 Peg
30 NGC 7741 23 43 54.9 +26 04 26 11.3 2.3 x 1.0' 28 Peg
58 NGC 7793 23 57 50.3 -32 35 15 9.1 8.4 x 6.9' 76, 87 Scl
282 UGC 8091 (GR 8) 12 58 40.2 +14 13 08 15.0 0.8' 45 Vir
196 UGC 10214 16 06 03.9 +55 25 32 13.7 1.5 x 0.7' 10 Dra
32 UGC 12856 23 56 45.3 +16 48 50 13.9 1.8 x 0.7' 40,51 Peg

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Additional Resources
Books
The following books are among my favorites and listed here for reference. This list is by no means complete
list but gives a solid start for the intermediate and some advanced observers.

Star Atlas
Stoyan, Ronald and Stephan Schurig,\. interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press, 2015
If I bring just one paper atlas, the iDSA would be in my field bag. It has a good balance between the
number of pages and convenience. I like the scale, which isn’t too “zoomed” in, where it would be
difficult to identify the sky from the narrow fields in more detailed atlas and the right amount of detail
for the brighter deep sky objects visible in telescopes up to 12 to 14-inches. And it is at the right level of
detail for star hoppers with a TelRad or similar.

Stoyan, Ronald and Uwe Glahn. interstellarum Deep Sky Guide. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press,
2018.
Excellent collection of images and deep sky sketches by Uwe Glahn and Ronald Stoyan. The Guide
contains a curated collection of interesting and “cool” deep sky objects arranged by page number of the
iDSA.

There are more Star Atlas in my library but listed only my favorite. I currently own the Uranometria, Sky Atlas
2000.0 and Pocket Sky Atlas, but use only the iDSA on the field.

Semi-Technical Books
Hodge, Paul W. Galaxies: The Harvard Books on Astronomy. Edited by Owen Gingerich and Charles A,
Whitney. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.
Classic text about galaxies written by well-known galaxy astronomer, Paul Hodge. It is not technical
and accessible by the lay amateur astronomer. It may be a little dated, but a good read.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 1.: Andromeda, Antlia, Apus, Aquarius Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2015.
The Annals of the Deep sky Series is considered the modern Burnham’s Celestial Handbook by Robert
Burnham. It contains the latest scholarship and other interesting ponderings. If you enjoyed Burnhams’s
this this series may be for you. It is taking time for Kanipe to write the volumes as he averages 1
volume a year. At the time of writing, the latest volume, Volume 10, contains Fornax, so you can see
that he still has a long way to go.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 2: Aquila, Ara, Aries, Auriga, Boötes, Caelum. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2015.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 3: Camelopardalis, Cancer, Canes Venatici, Canis Major. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc.,
2016.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 4: Canis Minor, Capricornus, Carina, Cassiopeia. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2016.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 5: Centaurus, Cepheus, Cetus. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2017.

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Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects,
Volume 6: Chamaeleon, Circinus, Columba, Coma Berenices, Corona Australis. Richmond, VA:
Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2018.

Kanipe, Jeff. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 7: Corona
Borealis, Corvus, Crater, Crux. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2019.

Kanipe, Jeff. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 8: Cygnus,
Delphinus, Dorado. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2020.

Kanipe, Jeff. Annals of the Deep Sky: A Survey of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects, Volume 10: Draco,
Equuleus, Eridanus, Fornax. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, Inc., 2023.

Kitchen, Chris. Galaxies in Turmoil: The Active and Starburst Galaxies and the Black Holes That Drive Them.
London: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
Very accessible read for the amateur astronomer who wants to learn more about radio active and
starburst galaxies.

Observing Books
Eicher, David J. Galaxies and the Universe. Milwaukee, WI: Kalmbach Publishing Co., 1992.
This contains a collection of Deep Sky Magazine articles from yesteryear, the 1980s. Good collection.

Kanipe, Jeff and Dennis Webb. The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies: A Chronicle and Observer’s Guide.
Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 2006.

Kepple, George R. and Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer’s Guide, Volume 1 Autumn & Winter.
Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 1998.
The Night Sky Observer’s Guide series is a guide with a compilation of objects and observing notes.
Deep Sky observing notes with telescopes from 4 to 20+ inches from a wide variety of observers
comprise the bulk of the series.

Kepple, George R. and Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer’s Guide, Volume 2 Spring & Summer.
Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 1998.

Luginbuhl, Christian B. and Brian A. Skiff. Observing Handbook and Catalogue of Deep-Sky Objects. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
One of the first observing handbooks containing a collection of curated observing notes by the authors.
Most, if not all, objects in this book are observable with 8 to 10 inch telescopes.

Steinicke, Wolfgang and Richard Jakiel. Galaxies and How to Observe Them. New York: Springer Publishing
Company, 2007.
Well written text on observing galaxies. This is a must have in the library of any serious galaxy
observer. This is easily one of the best, if not the best, book in the Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy
series.

Webb Society. Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer’s Handbook, Volume 4: Galaxies. Edited by Kenneth Glyn
Jones. Hillside, NJ: Enslow Publishers Hillside, 1982.
A bit dated, but solid handbook to have in your library. This was one of my first observing guides I had
when I was a budding young astronomer in the early 80s.
There are more observing books but listed only the relevant books for this observing program. I included only
the books in my personal library, and that I have read them. Any books not included are not intentional, just
that I have not read nor acquired them.
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 346 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Journal Articles
This list contains the journal articles I have referenced one way or another while building this observing project.
By no means this is an exhaustive list. As I mentioned in my introduction, this is not an exhaustive research
project to include every feature in host galaxies or every host galaxy with observable extragalactic features
within reach of a 20-inch telescope, but to give a solid start for this observing program.

Annibali, F., M. Tosi, et al. “PNe and H II Regions in the Starburst Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449 from LBT
MODS Data.” Astrophysical Journal. Volume 843, Issue 1 (July 2017).

Appleton, P. N., J. M. Schombert, E. I. Robson. “A Multiwavelength Study of the Peculiar Interacting Galaxies
ARP 143 = VV 117: Evidence for an Emerging Ring Galaxy?” Astrophysical Journal. Volume 385 (Feb
1992): 491-500.

Arp, Halton, J. Surdej, and J.P. Swings. “Two Quasars Seen Near the Spiral Galaxy NGC 470” Astronomy &
Astrophysics. Volume 138 (Sept 1984): 179-182

Billett, Olivia H., Deidre A. Hunter, and Bruce G Elmegreen. “Compact Star Clusters in Nearby Dwarf
Irregular Galaxies” The Astronomical Journal. Volume 123, Issue 3 (Mar 2002): 1454-1475

Boeshaar, G.O. and P.W. Hodge. “H II Regions and the Spiral Structure of NGC 3631” The Astrophysical
Journal. Volume 213 (Apr 1977): 361-377

Bosma, A., C. Casini, J. Heidmann, J. M. van der Hulst, H. van Woerden. “The group of galaxies NGC 2805-
2814-2820 - MRK 108” Astronomy and Astrophysics. Volume 89 (Sept 1980): 345-352

Bradley, T. R., J. H. Knapen, J. E. Beckman, S. L. Folkes. “A composite H ii region luminosity function in Hα

of unprecedented statistical weight” Astronomy and Astrophysics. Volume 459, Issue 1 (Nov 2006): L13-
L16

Bresolin, F., D. Schaerer, et al. “A VLT Study of metal-rich extragalactic H II regions” Astronomy &
Astrophysics. Volume 441, Number 3 (Oct 2005): 981-997

Brière, E., S. Cantin, K. Spekkens. “Properties of the giant H II regions and bar in the nearby spiral galaxy
NGC 5430” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Volume 425, Issue 1 (Sept 2012): 261-272

Brinchmann, J., D. Kunth, F. Durret. “Galaxies with Wolf-Rayet signatures in the low-redshift Universe. A
survey using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey” Astronomy and Astrophysics. Volume 485, Issue 3 (July 2008):
657-677

Bronkalla, W., P. Notni, and A. A.-R. Mutter. “Stellar populations and dust in the galaxy NGC 2976, a low-
luminosity member of the M 81 group” Astronomische Nachrichten. Volume 313 (Jan 1992): 1-20

Calzetti, D., K. E. Johnson, A. Adamo, J. S. Gallagher III, J. E. Andrews, L. J. Smith, G. C. Clayton, J. C. Lee,
et al. “The Brightest Young Star Clusters in NGC 5253” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 811, Number 2,
(Sept 2015)

Chuvaev, K., and I Pronik. “H II Regions in NGC 628, NGC 4254, and 5194” The Spiral Structure of our
Galaxy, Proceedings from 38th IAU Symposium Edited by Wilhelm Becker and Georgios Ioannou
Kontopoulos. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 38, Dordrecht, Reidel, (1970): 83

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Courtes, G., H. Petit, C. T. Hua, P.Martin, A. Blecha, D. Huguenin, M.Golay. “Structure of the spiral arms of
NGC 4258 in H-alpha and at 2000A” Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 268 (Feb 1993): 419-442

Croxall, Kevin V. and Liese van Zee. “Chemical Abundances of Seven Irregular and Three Tidal Dwarf
Galaxies in the M81 Group” Astrophysical Journal Volume 705 (2009): 723-738

Davis, Davis S., William C. Keel, John S.Mulchaey, Patricia A.Henning. “Gravitational Interactions in Poor
Galaxy Groups” Astronomical Journal Volume 114 (Aug 1997): 613-625 (1997)

Davoust, E., G. de Vaucouleurs. “Velocity fields in late-type galaxies from Halpha Fabry-Perot interferometry.
II. Kinematics and dynamics of the Sd spiral NGC 7793” Astrophysical Journal Volume 242 (1980): 30-52

Dimai, A. et al. “Psn J12211796+1130252 in NGC 4294” Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams No. 3419, #1
(Feb 2013). Edited by Green, D. W. E.

Dowell, Jayce D., Brent A. Buckalew, Jonathan C. Tan. “The Initial Cluster Mass Function of Super Star
Clusters in Irregular and Spiral Galaxies” The Astronomical Journal Volume 135, Issue 3, (Mar 2008): 823-
835

Dunlop, J. S., J. A. Peacock, et al. “The Parkes selected regions: deep optical and infrared observations of radio
galaxies and quasars at high redshifts” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 238
(June 1989): 1171-1231

Dunne, Bryan, Robert A. Gruendl, and You-Hua Chu. “What Produced the Ultraluminous Supernova Remnant
in NGC 6946?” The Astronomical Journal Volume 119, Issue 3 (Mar 2000): 1172-1179

Duval, M.F., G. Monnet, J. Boulesteix, Y. Georgelin, E. Le Coarer, and M. Marcelin. “A Detailed Study of the
Ionized Hydrogen Distribution and of the Velocity Field of the Barred Galaxy NGC 7741” Astronomy &
Astrophysics Volume 241 (Jan 1991): 375-388

Egorov, O. V., T. A. Lozinskaya, A. V. Moiseev, G. V. Smirnov-Pinchukov. “The supergiant shell with

triggered star formation in the dwarf irregular galaxy IC 2574: neutral and ionized gas kinematics” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 444, Issue 1 (Oct 2014): 376-391

Elagali, Ahmed, O. Ivy Wong, Se-Heon Oh, Lister Staveley-Smith, Bärbel S. Koribalski, Kenji Bekki,;Martin
Zwaan. “An H I study of the collisional ring galaxy NGC 922” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society Volume 476, Issue 4 (June 2018): 5681-5691

Elmegreen, Debra Meloy, Frederick R. Chromey, Benjamin D. Knowles, Robert A. Wittenmyer. “Observations
of a Tidal Tail in the Interacting Galaxies NGC 4485/4490” The Astronomical Journal Volume 115, Issue 4
(Apr 1988): 1433-1437

Elmegreen, Debra Meloy, Michele Kaufman, Elias Brinks, Bruce G.Elmegreen, Maria Sundin. “The Interaction
between Spiral Galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207. I. Observations” Astrophysical Journal Volume 453: 100-
138

Elvis, Martin, Fabrizio Fiore, Paolo Giommi, and Paolo Padovani. “X-raying a galaxy: PHL 6625 behind NGC
247” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 291, Issue 3 (Nov 1997): L49-L52

Evans, I.N., A.P. Koratkar, T. Storchi-Bergmann, et al. “An Atlas of H II Regions in Nearby Seyfert Galaxies”
Astrophysical Journal Supplement Volume 105 (July 1996): 93-127
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Garcia-Gomez, C. and E. Athanassoula. “Analysis of the Distribution of HII Regions in External Galaxies. I.
Position and inclination angles” Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series Volume 89 (July 1991): 159-
184

Gelatt, Deidre A., Hunter, J. S. Gallagher. “The Star Clusters in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449” Andrea E. The
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume 113, Issue 780 (Feb 2001): 142-153

Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Enrique Perez, et al. “H II Region Population in a Sample of Nearby Galaxies with
Nuclear Activity. I. Data and General Results” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 108
Number 1 (Jan 1997): 155-198

Greve, A., T. Becker, et al. “NGC 1569 The Molecular and Ionized Gas Near the Superluminous Star Clusters
A and B” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 312 (1996): 391 – 396

Hancock, Mark, Beverly J. Smith, Curtis Struck, Mark L. Giroux, et al. “Large-Scale Star Formation Triggering
in the Low-Mass Arp 82 System: A Nearby Example of Galaxy Downsizing Based on UV/Optical/Mid-IR
Imaging” The Astronomical Journal Volume 133 Number 2 (Jan 2007): 676-693

Hermelo, I., U. Lisenfeld, et al. “The dust SED of dwarf galaxies I. The case of NGC 4214” Astronomy &
Astrophysics Volume 549 (Jan 2013)

Hodge, Paul W. “H II Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Volume 18, Number 157 (1969): 73-124

Hodge, Paul W. “The Nature of the Remarkable Galaxy G. R. 8” Astrophysical Journal Volume 148 (June
1967): 719-725

Hodge, Paul, Nicolas V. Strobel, and Robert C. Kennicutt. “The H II Regions of Holmberg II” Publications of
the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume 106 (Mar 1994): 309

Hodge, Paul W. and Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr. “An Atlas of H II Regions in 125 galaxies” The Astronomical
Journal Volume 88, Number 3 (March 1983): 296–328

Hoffman, Samantha L., Lucas M. Macri, Adam G. Riess, et al. “Optical Identification of Cepheids in 19 Host
Galaxies of Type 1a Supernovae and NGC 4258 with the Hubble Space Telescope” The Astrophysical
Journal Volume 830, Number 1 (Oct 2016), 10 pp.

Holland, S., P. Côté, and J. E. Hesser. “Globular Clusters in NGC 5128” Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume
348 (Aug 1999):418-436

Kaufman, Michele, Elias Brinks, Debra Meloy Elmegreen, Magnus Thomasson, Bruce G. Elmegreen, et al.
“Observations of the Ocular Galaxy NGC 2535 and its Starburst Companion NGC 2536,” Astronomical
Journal Volume 114 (Dec 1997): 2323 – 2840.

Kennicutt Jr., R. C. “H II regions as extragalactic distance indicators. IV - The Virgo cluster” Astrophysical
Journal, Part 1 Volume 247 (July 1981): 9-16

Kennicutt, Robert, Bruce Balick, and Timothy Heckman. “A Remarkable H II Region Complex in NGC 2366”
Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications Volume 92, (Apr 1980): 134-144

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Kenney, Jeffrey D. P., Vera C. Rubin, Pere Planesas, Judith S, Young. “Gas Filaments in the Collisional Debris
of NGC 4438” Astrophysical Journal Volume 438 (Jan 1995): 135-154

Khramtsova, M.S., D.S. Wiebe, et al. “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in spatially resolved extragalactic star
forming complexes” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 421, Issue 2 (May 2013):
2006-2016

Kirshnerm Robert P. and William P. Blair. “The extraordinary extragalactic supernova remnant in NGC 4449”
Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 Volume 236 (Feb 1980): 135-142

Kojoian, Gabriel, Robert Elliot, and Michael D. Bicay. “Accurate Optical Position of Extragalactic Emission -
Line Objects: University of Michigan Lists I-IV” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume 50
(Oct 1982): 161-168

Lacey, C., N. Duric, and W.M. Goss, “A Survey of Compact Radio Sources in NGC 6946.” The Astrophysical
Journal Supplement Series Volume 109 (Apr 1997): 417-460

Larsen, S.S. “Young massive star clusters in nearby galaxies. II. Software tools, data reductions and cluster
sizes” Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Volume 139 (Oct 1999): 393-415

Larson, S. S., “The structure and environment of young stellar clusters in spiral galaxies” Astronomy and
Astrophysics Volume 416 (Mar 2004): 537-553

Lianou, S., P. Barmby. et al. “Probing the interstellar medium of NGC 1569 with Herschel” Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 445 (2014): 1003–1022

Linden, S. T., E. J. Murphy, D. Dong, E. Momjian, et al. “The Star Formation in Radio Survey: 3-33 GHz
Imaging of Nearby Galaxy Nuclei and Extranuclear Star-forming Regions” The Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Series Volume 248, Issue 2, Article ID 25 (June 2020)

Lintott, Chris J., Kevin Schawinski, William Keel, Hanny van Arkel, Nicola Bennert, Edward Edmondson, et
al. “Galaxy Zoo: `Hanny's Voorwerp', a quasar light echo?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society (Oct 2009)

Magrini, Laura, Denise R Goncalves, Bruna Vajgel. “NGC 55: A Disc Galaxy with Flat Abundance Gradients”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 464, Issue 1 (Jan 2017): 739–753

Mao, Ye-Wei, Robert C. Kennicutt Jr., Cai-Na Hao, et al. “Characterizing Ultraviolet and Infrared
Observational Properties for Galaxies. I. Influences of Dust Attenuation and Stellar Population Age” The
Astrophysical Journal Volume 757, Issue 1, article 52 (Sept 2012)

Martínez-Delgado, David, Aaron J. Romanowsky, R. Jay Gabany, Francesca Annibali, Jacob A. Arnold, Jürgen
Fliri, Stefano Zibetti. “Dwarfs Gobbling Dwarfs: A Stellar Tidal Stream around NGC 4449 and Hierarchical
Galaxy Formation on Small Scales” The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume 748, Issue 2, article id. L24
(Apr 2012)

Martínez-Delgado, David, Elena D'Onghia, Taylor S. Chonis, Beaton, Rachael L., et al. “A Stellar Tidal Stream
Around the Whale Galaxy, NGC 4631” The Astronomical Journal, Volume 150, Number 4 (Sept 2015):
116-125

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 350 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Matonick, David M. and Robert A. Fesen. “Optically Identified Supernova Remnants in the Nearby Spiral
Galaxies: NGC 5204, NGC 5585, NGC 6946, M81, and M101” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Series Volume 112, Issue 1 (Sept 1997): 49-107

McCall, Marshall L. “H II Regions, Extinction, and IC 342: A New View of the Galactic Neighborhood”
Astronomical Journal Volume 97 (May 1989): 1341-1349

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(Nov-Dec 1978): 660-663

Micheva, Genoveva, M.S. Oey, et al. “Mrk 71 / NGC 2366: The Nearest Green Pea Analog” The Astrophysical
Journal Volume 845, Number 2 (2017): 165-178

Mineo, S., S. Rappaport, A. Levine, et al. “A Comprehensive X-Ray and Multiwavelength Study of the
Colliding Galaxy Pair NGC 2207/IC 2163” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 797, Number 2 (Dec 2014):
24 pp.

Monrad, L.A.G. “Supernova 2009em in NGC 157” Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams No. 1798, #1 (May
2009). Edited by Green, D. W. E.

Müller, Ancla, Vanessa Frohn, Lukas Dirks, Michael Stein, et al. “Multi-epoch variability of AT 2000ch (SN
2000ch) in NGC 3432. A radio continuum and optical study” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 670,
article id A130 (Feb 2023)

Noreau, L. and P.P. Kronberg. “The Star-Burst in NGC 3448” Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
Volume 17 (June 1985): 757

Papenkova, M., W. D. Li. “Variable Star in Field of NGC 3432” IAU Circ., No. 7415, #1 (2000). Edited by
Green, D. W. E.

Pellerin, A., G. R. Meurer, K, Bekki, et al. “The star cluster population of the collisional ring galaxy NGC 922,”
The Astronomical Journal Volume 139 (April 2010): 1369-1382

Pena, M., M.G. Richer, and G. Stasinska. “A catalog of planetary nebula candidates and HII regions in NGC
3109” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 466 (2007): 75-82

Petit, H. “Catalogue of HII regions in NGC 7331 at the 6 meter telescope” Astronomy and Astrophysics
Supplement Volume 131 (Aug 1998): 317-318

Petit, H., J. -P. Sivan, and I.D. Karachentsev. “Optical HII Regions in M81” Astronomy & Astrophysics
Supplement Series Volume 74 (1988): 475-484

Phookun, Bikram, Lee G. Mundy, Peter J. Teuben, Richard J. Wainscoat. “NGC 4027: an Interacting One-
armed Spiral Galaxy with a Warped Ring” Astrophysical Journal Volume 400 (Dec 1992): 516-527

Rampadarath, H., M. A. Garrett, G. I. G. Józsa, T.Muxlow, et al. “Hanny's Voorwerp . Evidence of AGN
activity and a nuclear starburst in the central regions of IC 2497” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 517
(July 2010): L8

Ramya, S., D. K. Sahu, and T. P. Prabhu. “Study of star formation in NGC 1084” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society Volume 381, Issue 2 (Sept 2007): 511-524
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 351 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Ravindranath, Swara and Tushar P. Prabhu. “Massive Star Formation in the Infrared-bright Galaxy NGC 972”
The Astronomical Journal Volume 115, Issue 6 (June 1998): 2320-2330

Rejkuba1, M., P. Dubath, D. Minniti, and G. Meylan. “Bright globular clusters in NGC 5128: the missing link
between young massive clusters and evolved massive objects” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 469
(2007): 147-162

Richer, Michael G. and Marshall L. McCall. “Planetary Nebulae and H II Regions in NGC 3109” Astronomical
Journal Volume 103, Number 1 (Jan 1992): 54-59

Rodríguez, M. J., G. Baume, and C. Feinstein. “The young stellar population in NGC 247” Astronomy &
Astrophysics Volume 626, article A35 (June 2019): 5

Rozas, M., A. Zuritas, et al. “Global properties of the population of HII regions in NGC 7479 from photometric
Hα imaging” Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series Volume 135 (Feb 1999): 145-158

Romanowsky, Aaron J., Søren S. Larsen, Alexa Villaume, Jeffrey L. Carlin, Joachim Janz, David J. Sand, Jay
Strader, et al. “Low-density star cluster formation: discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the
low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 518, Issue 2,
(Jan 2023): 3164-3182

Rozas, M., A. Zurita, J.E. Beckman. “The ionized gas in the spiral galaxy NGC 3359. I. Photometry”
Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 354 (2000): 823-835

Roy, Jean-Rene, Julien Belley, et al. “The O/H Distribution in the Low-Mass Galaxies NGC 2366 and NGC
4395” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 460 (Mar 1996): 284–294

S.van den Bergh, J. E. Hesser, G. L. H. Harris. “Observations of the brightest globular clusters associated with
NGC 5128,” Astronomical Journal Volume 86 (Jan 1981): 24-29

Seaquist, E. R.; R. C.Bignell. “Radio emission from a possible supernova remnant in the galaxy NGC 4449”
Astrophysical Journal, Volume 226, (Nov 1978): L5-L6

Sidoli, Fabrizio, Linda J. Smith, and Paul A. Crowther. “The Massive Star Population in the Giant H II Region
Tol 89 in NGC 5398” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 370, Issue 2(Aug 2006):
799-818

Sivan, J.-P., H. Petit, et al. “Optical H II Regions in NGC 2403” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 237
(1990): 23-35

Skelton, J. E., A.Lawrence, A.Pappa, P. Lira, O. Almaini. “Short time-scale optical variability of the dwarf
Seyfert nucleus in NGC 4395” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 358, Issue 3,
(Apr 2005): 781-794

Skillman, Evan D., Stéphanie Côté, Bryan W. Miller. “Star Formation in Sculptor Group Dwarf Irregular
Galaxies and the Nature of ‘Transition’ Galaxies,” The Astronomical Journal Volume 125, Issue 2 (Feb
2003): 593-609

Smith, Beverly J. “The Discovery of a Long H i Plume near the Peculiar Galaxy NGC 2782 (Arp 215)”
Astrophysical Journal Volume 378: 39-46
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Smoker, J.V., R.D. Davies, and D.J. Axon. “H I and optical observations of the NGC 428 field” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 281, Number 2 (July 1996): 393 – 405

Stasińska, G., G. Comte, L.Vigroux. “Spectrophotometry of H II regions in irregular galaxies,” Astronomy and
Astrophysics Volume 154 (Jan 1986): 352-356

Stevens, Ian R. Duncan A. Forbes, Ray P. Norris. “Radio observations of super star clusters in dwarf starburst
galaxies,” Monthly Notice of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 335, Issue 4 (Oct 2002): 1079-1084

Tao, Lian, Hua Feng, Yue Shen, Luis C. Ho, Junqiang Ge, Philip Kaaret, Shude Mao, et al. “PHL 6625: A
Minor Merger-associated QSO Behind NGC 247” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 841, Issue 2, article
118, (June 2017)

Tran, H. D., M. Sirianni, H.C. Ford, G.D. Illingworth, et al. “Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations of
Young Star Clusters in the Interacting Galaxy UGC 10214” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 585, Issue
2, (Mar 2003): 750-755.

van Eymeren, J., M. Marcelin, et al. “A kinematic study of the irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 4861 using H I and
Hα observations” Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 505, Issue 1, (2009): 105-116

Verdes-Montenegro, L., A. Bosma, and E Athanassoula. “The ringed, warped and isolated galaxy NGC 6015,”
Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 321: 754-764

Véron, P., A.Sauvayre. “Étude des Galaxies en lumière monochromatique H. II. NGC 2403 - NGC 2903 - NGC
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“Optical Observations of the Nearby Galaxy IC342 with Narrow Band [SII] and H_alpha Filters. I” Serbian
Astronomical Journal Volume 187 (Dec 1983): 11-18

Wagner-Kaiser, R., T. De Maio, A. Sarajedini, and S. Chakrabarti. “The void in the Sculptor group spiral
galaxy NGC 247” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 443, Issue 4, (Oct 2014):
3260-3269

Wang, Song, Jifeng Liu, Yanli Qiu, et al. “CHANDRA ACIS Survey of X-Ray Point Sources: The Source
Catalog,” The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume 224, Issue 2, Article ID 40 (Jube 2016): 22
pp.

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Groups” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 204 (1983): 743-763

Weistrop, D., C. H. Nelson, R. Angione, and R. Bachilla. “Physical Properties of the Star-forming Regions in
the Interacting Galaxies NGC 3395/NGC 3396” The Astronomical Journal Volume 159, Issue 1, article 17
(Jan 2020)

Werk, J. K., M. E. Putman, G. R. Meurer, N. Santiago-Figueroa. “Metal Transport to the Gaseous Outskirts of
Galaxies,” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 735, Issue 2, Article ID. 71 (Jul 2011).

Westmoquette, M. S., J. S. Gallagher, III and L. de Poitiers. “Ionized gas in the starburst core and halo of NGC
1140” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 403, Issue 4, (April 2010): 1719-1728
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 353 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Yoshida, Michitoshi, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Takashi Murayama. “A Forming Dwarf Galaxy in a Tidal Tail of the
Merging Galaxy NGC 2782” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume 46 (Dec 1994):
L195-L198

Zaragoza-Cardiel, Javier, John E. Beckman, Joan Font, et al. “Comparative internal kinematics of the H II
regions in interacting and isolated galaxies: implications for massive star formation modes” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume 451, Issue 2 (Aug 2015): 1307 – 1330

Zasov, Anatoly V., Anna S. Saburova, Oleg V. Egorov, Roman I. Uklein. “Interacting galaxy NGC4656 and its
unusual dwarf companion” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 469, Issue 4 (Aug
2017): 4370–4377.

A. Zezas, M. J. Ward,. And S. S. Murray. “Chandra Observations of the X-Ray-luminous Star-forming Galaxy
Merger Arp 299” The Astrophysical Journal Volume 594, Number 1 (Aug 2003): L31-L34

Amateur Observing and Sketching Articles

List of articles written by accomplished deep-sky observers.

Banich, Howard. “The Determined Observer’s Guide to M 101”, Sky & Telescope (June 2013)

Banich, Howard. “NGC 6946” Amateur Astronomy, Issue 73 (Winter 2012): 56-57

Banich, Howard. “Sketching M51” Sky & Telescope (July 2011)

Banich, Howard. “The Definitive Barred Spiral, NGC 1365”, Sky & Telescope (Jan 2016)

Banich, Howard. “Two Cool Galaxies – the Incomparable M81 and M82” Sky & Telescope (May 2016)

Banich, Howard. “Spotlight on a Seyfert” Sky & Telescope (Nov 2018)

Banich, Howard. “M33, An Observer’s Guide” Sky & Telescope (Nov 2023)

Gottlieb, Steve. “Unraveling NGC 6946” Sky & Telescope (July 2013)

Gottlieb, Steve. “Digging Deep in Messier 83” Sky & Telescope (May 2014), 60-61

Gottlieb, Steve. “Celestial Fireworks” Sky & Telescope (Mar 2013)

Gottlieb, Steve. “HII Regions Galore in M101” Sky & Telescope (Jun 2004)

Harrington, Scott. “Star-Forming Regions in Faraway Galaxies” Sky & Telescope (May 2021)

Harrington, Scott. “Celestia Obscura: Henize 2-10,” Deep Sky Observer, Issue 192 (Autumn 2023): 3-7

Harrington, Scott. “M 31 Observing Guide” Link to guide

Harrington, Scott. “M 33 Observing Guide” Link to guide

Harrington, Scott. “A Field Guide to Observing NGC 6946” Link to guide

Tosteson, Dave. “The Farthest Star” Sky & Telescope (Nov 2019), 57-59
Extragalactic Objects v1.0 354 www.FaintFuzzies.com
Websites
Deep Sky Forum – The premier Deep Sky forum where advanced deep sky observers converge and discuss
various aspects of deep sky observing.

Cloudy Nights – Great resource for like-minded amateurs discussing various aspects of the hobby.

Adventures in Deep Space - Great source of observing projects for all skill levels by Steve Gottlieb and Mark
Wagner.

Uwe Glahn’s website with incredible sketches of deep sky objects. His sketches are also in the interstellarum
Deep Sky Guide, another incredible resource.

Howard Banich’s website with his sketches and his 30” f/2.7 rebuild project.

NASA-IPAC Extragalactic Database – NED. Wealth of data and helps immensely with identification of knots.

Strasbourg astronomical Data Center. An impressive tool to use to validate many objects and host galaxies.

The STScI Digitized Sky Survey

SkyServer DR10 Tools for Visual Exploration (SDSS)

Sources of charts
Charts by Megastar version 5. Willmann-Bell Richmond, VA

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 355 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Acknowledgements and Citations for the three main image sources
Digital Sky Survey (DSS) images: Acknowledgements

Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS): Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V has been provided by the
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the
Participating Institutions. SDSS acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance
Computing at the University of Utah. SDSS telescopes are located at Apache Point Observatory, funded by the
Astrophysical Research Consortium and operated by New Mexico State University, and at Las Campanas
Observatory, operated by the Carnegie Institution for Science. The SDSS web site is www.sdss.org.

SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS
Collaboration, including Caltech, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Chilean National Time Allocation
Committee (CNTAC) ratified researchers, The Flatiron Institute, the Gotham Participation Group, Harvard
University, Heidelberg University, The Johns Hopkins University, L’Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA
Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Nanjing University, National
Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC), New Mexico State University, The Ohio State University,
Pennsylvania State University, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Space Telescope Science Institute
(STScI), the Stellar Astrophysics Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University
of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of
Toronto, University of Utah, University of Virginia, Yale University, and Yunnan University.

PanSTARRS: The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible
through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project
Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy,
Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University,
Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National
Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G Issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA
Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST–1238877, the University of
Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty
Moore Foundation.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 356 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Revision History
Date Revision

August 2024 New Observing Guide with 158 host galaxies.

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 357 www.FaintFuzzies.com

Extragalactic Objects v1.0 358 www.FaintFuzzies.com

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