University of Nebraska - Lincoln

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln

9-1-2021

Use of Emerging Technologies in the University Libraries: A Study

of Review of Literature
Kanchan Lata Bharti
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, [email protected]

Dr. Shilpi Verma

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac

Part of the Library and Information Science Commons

Bharti, Kanchan Lata and Verma, Dr. Shilpi, "Use of Emerging Technologies in the University Libraries: A
Study of Review of Literature" (2021). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 6134.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6134
 Use of Emerging Technologies in the University Libraries: A
Study of Review of Literature

Kanchan Lata Bharti

Research Scholar
Department of Library and Information Science,
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025
[email protected]

Dr. Shilpi Verma

Professor & Head
Department of Library and Information Science,
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025
[email protected]

Abstract:

The main aim of the study is to review the literature related to the use of emerging technologies
by university libraries. The primary objective of the study was to examine the core literature
related to emerging technologies used in the university libraries and to find out the changing
role of the university librarians in these technologically equipped modern libraries. The study
also focuses on the attitude of library professionals towards this modern environment. The
findings of the study are based upon four themes, they are: “status of emerging technologies in
the university libraries”, “attitude of librarians towards the emerging technologies”,
“technological compatibility among the professionals of the libraries” and “barriers in the
implementation of emerging technologies”. Nevertheless, if there have been many researches
performed at university libraries on emerging technologies, this study is primarily aimed at
improving understanding of these expanding technologies by the library and information
sciences profession.

Keywords: Emerging technologies, Technology in libraries, University libraries, Modern

technologies, University librarians, Library professionals.

1. Introduction:

Technology today plays a major role in every aspect of life. It has revolutionized the world
by its massive impact on individuals, organizations, governments bodies, etc. Libraries,
similarly, have transfigured themselves from time to time in providing the best possible
service/products to their users. Academic libraries mostly show an immense impact of
technological advancements. Web-based services, implementation of new technologies
have greatly pampered the users. Technology often is constantly linked to getting concrete
outcomes, eliminating some challenges, doing some operations using amazing skills (Lan
and Young, 1996). Nevertheless, it becomes the duty of academic librarians to identify and
understand these technologies to match their libraries with the expectation of their users,
thereby developing required technological skills.
While technology trends are rising exponentially, it is obvious that librarians may not
be able to incorporate every single trend in their libraries. Therefore, they must choose the
technology in such a way that will help them in a long run keeping in mind the information
priorities of their users. However, the academic library should be the primary centre where
these technologies should be experienced practically or in the form of a document, to
remain at the forefront of technology in a higher learning institution. The aim of this study
is to investigate several developing library technologies that are beneficial and
advantageous to university libraries.

2. Review of Literature:

Lubanga and Mumba (2021) the field of research and development, creativity and
innovation of the library are major points in a technologically driven world and are vital
aspects of restructuring library services and products for efficient service delivery and
optimum client experience. This study examined the importance of research and
development, creativity, and innovation at the University of Livingstonia (UNILIA)
library in the 21st century.
Saibakumo (2021) the long-term survival and support of academic libraries in the
technological society depends on the expansion and upgrading of information services. In
academic libraries, technological developments have pushed libraries to take all-
embracing, user-friendly, and technology-driven methods to delivery. This apparent gap
appears to be filled by new technology. The study highlights the degree to which new
technologies are understood, adopted, favoured and ready to be included in academic
library operations in Nigeria.
Chingath (2020) expressed the main objectives of his study, which is to demonstrate the
integration and seamless functioning of technology in libraries. Whereas, the author
also covered major technology developments such as Robotics, Drones, Blockchain, Big
Data and Mobile Apps as well as their use and application in libraries. However, the fields
and services of the library for which the technology may apply were also selected and
discussed based on a cumulative examination of the available literature and further research
by the author.
Funmilayo and Ayo (2020) attempt to determine the worldwide trends as well as a new
library and IT technologies, so that readers may focus on them in particular for efficient
library services. Moreover, the emerging technologies in library and IT services have led
to the occurrence of several changes, as well as social expectations of librarians and
information professionals.
Moruf and Dangani (2020) As information technology is becoming increasingly pertinent
to academic institutions, librarians and other IT professionals need to master the technology
which can be used in academic institutions, as developing digital expertise are fundamental
in all academic curriculums. Their study not only discusses the rising trend in library
technology particularly in academic libraries but also examines the need to reflect and
refocus on how technological developments are influencing their services further.
Acharya, Hiremath and Lalasangi (2019) highlight the percentage of progress in the
cutting-edge library. Then there are many modifications to the library and data benefits, as
well as to the tasks and wishes of the library specialists to meet the customer data request
in this period, according to the current advanced situation. Due to the ICT Impact,
Digitization and library modernisation, another viewpoint has emerged in the field of LIS.
It is recognised that computerised innovation in every sector and circle of life has created
room for itself.
Ajie (2019) in his research paper discussed how Nigerian information professionals are
progressing in this period of globalisation, as well as the types of opportunities and
challenges faced by them. Libraries have both opportunities and threats in today's rapidly
changing information society. Many changes have occurred in the way data is identified,
acquired, processed, and communicated to library patrons as a result of information
technology. New paradigm transformations are emerging in libraries and information
centres. The transition of information sources and systems from paper to electronic medium
is one of these transformations. Information requirements of a demanding patron are
complex. The cost and quality of information have both increased. Because library patrons
come from all areas of life, they demand equally various forms of information.
Chukwueke and Onuoha (2019) concluded that because of the many advantages it has to
provide, ICT applications in libraries are of great relevance. The benefits include improved
library services efficacy and efficiency, reduced access to information time, location and
recovery time, conserving physical space for the library and so forth. In addition, several
academic libraries are still not yet completely using these ICTs in their services despite
their many benefits.
Llewellyn (2019) identifies innovative features of digital education, collaboration and co-
creation in academic libraries, student experience and the design of learning spaces suitable
for modern pedagogy have been found by the literature research. However, the author also
examines the changing character of the academic library and the function of academic
library professionals in the context of a broader transformation in society and higher
education.
Shashikumara and et. al. (2019) the authors make an effort to understand the developing
trends in technologies to benefit the libraries and library professionals. Future changes in
the technology of libraries have full influence on the country in terms of economic,
educational, social, environmental, political and population intelligence. Their study
examines the main technological developments highlighted by ALA. Current technology
is helping libraries and library professionals improve their quality of services and products.
Knowledge of these techniques is more necessary for library professionals in order to
introduce and accept the most recent trends in libraries. In the recent decade, since the latest
technologies have been introduced into library systems the advancement in technology has
provided numerous library solutions. Library 1.0; Library 2.0; Library 3.0 has transformed
libraries dramatically from traditional library services to new ones. The developments in
technology in Library 4.0 provide a blueprint for future libraries and their user services.
Abubakar and Attahir (2018) emphasised library creativity and innovations, the
competencies which creative and innovative librarians require in academic libraries to offer
services, and the unique and new services rendered in academic libraries. Further, they also
discussed the major hurdles in designing and providing new services in the academic library
thereby providing answers to them. However, they also tried to explain the abilities required
to be attained by the 21st-century librarians to provide the best possible services in library
and information science particularly, in academic libraries.
Boruah (2018) mentioned in his research paper that the main purpose of the research was
to examine the numerous challenges with higher education in northeast India, as well as to
investigate the region's future educational possibilities. The research report also makes
recommendations for improving the quality of higher education in north-eastern India.
Higher educational institutions in India, particularly in the northeast, have encountered
numerous challenges. Furthermore, each year, a large number of students from North East
India attend universities and colleges in Delhi, Calcutta, and Bangalore, among other cities,
to pursue education in a variety of professions.
Enweani (2018) explained in his study the various possible difficulties occurring in
maintaining university libraries in today's digital age. The article employs a mix of desk
research and interview sessions in its analysis. And detailed literature research and content
analysis were used to draw conclusions. The changing library environment, the necessity
for good university library management in the digital era, and the main themes in the article
were all highlighted. The study concludes that university libraries face a lot of management
issues and that there is a pressing need for university library administration to adopt
practical and inventive initiatives to solve these issues. Only then, can university library
management in the digital world produce the intended results? For this study, the researcher
used a survey method with a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. However,
the researcher also conducted an interview of the respondents in order to match the data
collected through a questionnaire.
Hussain and Jan (2018) performed a survey research method through a google form on
the awareness of web 2.0 tools. In their study, the primary focus of their research was to
find out how much Web 2.0 technology is used in university libraries in Islamabad,
Pakistan. According to the findings, young library professionals are more interested in web
2.0 technology activities. Social networking sites are more effective for marketing library
services in Web 2.0 applications, therefore these technologies can be leveraged to give end-
users the most recent and up-to-date information. Because this study only looked at the
Islamabad region of Pakistan, further research might be done in the future to learn more
about similar applications in Pakistani libraries. The study also justifies the use of web 2.0
technology in Islamabad's academic libraries, hence, it might be used as a guide for
researchers in Pakistan in the future, and it could be proven when conducting research on
Web 2.0 in its right context. The paper presents accurate and valid data on the same
problem, which will be useful and defensible in the future by highlighting the same issue.
Barathi, Loganathan and Rajan (2017) explained in their paper how technology
advancements have enhanced information management and library services. By offering
an overview of the difficulties connected to integrating and using emerging technologies
and innovative practices inside libraries, this paper fills a gap in the digital library project
management literature. Technology that is still developing helps to identify, evaluate, and
implement the use of existing and new technology in the management and services of
libraries. Challenges arising from library services and management, as well as
technological improvements, must be updated on a regular basis to keep up with the fast-
paced world.
Brown and et. al. (2017) revealed in their study about the major goals which were to
explain the implementation of a skills development initiative in Columbia University's
Science & Engineering Libraries to increase the technology capabilities of participating
librarians in response to changing instructional needs. The researchers also suggested that
this integrated project strategy might presumably fit a wide range of library environments,
giving other institutions a great opportunity to evaluate and redesign staff capabilities,
regardless of their instructional focus. The Maker Movement's programmatic lens is used
to a collaborative staff learning model in this case study. Burgeoning technological
advancements force libraries to investigate unique techniques to expose staff to new
technology capabilities; this case study applies the Maker Movement's programmatic view
to a collaborative staff learning model.
Cross and Tucci (2017) discussed the development and implementation of the collection
with the help of new technologies at The Carleton University Library. Due to the successful
outcome of the pioneering initiatives of the library, the collection currently contains more
than seventy pieces of electrical devices available on behalf of students so that they can
borrow in order to assist their experiential learning. Community involvements, teacher
participation, Outreach and Innovative projects for students have all benefited from the
Emerging Technology Collection. A notable use of collection on the latest technology,
continuous library staff education, and marketing of the collection of the library have all
been positive outcomes for the Library. This successful initiative demonstrates the
advantages of a shared space where various campus divisions may collaborate to design
and provide a new service. Finally, this initiative highlights the importance of academic
libraries which are amenable to new advances thereby providing helpful facilities by
demonstrating the worth of innovation. It might be difficult to integrate technology into the
organisational culture of academic libraries, but it is achievable if the library administration
strongly promotes innovative thoughts and services.
Mwaniki (2017) study intended to conceive the future of academic libraries in terms of
emerging user requirements, new skills for staff and services provided. The literature of the
study demonstrates the development of new technologies and their effects on professionals,
library services and new user requirements. The debates on what library products and
services will be in future libraries are gathered together in this article. He also examines
upcoming research that investigates ways to enhance librarians' professional function. This
is a conceptual literature study based on a broad variety of literature theoretically examining
professional positions, the library collection, its services and the evolution of new
technologies on the need of the user. The library will now provide the basis for the future
function of the librarian, increasing user requirements and the effect of the provision of
services. The development of the library systems and services supplied also influenced
technological developments. In future, how advanced libraries are in the area or country,
including Kenya, will rely largely on their developing function. This article provides the
skills and services of future librarians with a flexible approach.
Patel and Darbar (2017) stated in their research the utilisation of ICT resources and
services in the selected government grant-in-aid university libraries in Gujarat State. Over
the previous 50 years, the world has experienced major developments; especially ICTs have
caused a revolution in many areas. Their study also focuses on the availability of various
ICT based services and facilities along with the problems faced while implementation of
technological infrastructure. However, the study concluded that a significant number of the
government grant-in-aid university libraries were efficiently using information and
communication technology.
Ratledge and Sproles (2017) implementation and proliferation of library technology have
changed system librarians' roles and responsibilities. 70 advertisements were reviewed by
the authors for technology-driven librarians on the Job List of ALA in 2014. The
announcements were investigated for emphasis areas and necessary expertise and
experience. Three key areas of concentration were disclosed in the ads: conventional
systems, digital efforts and online services. The technology librarians have expanded and
incorporated more inside the library, rather than only focused on keeping library databases
and ILSs alive. This study also provides insights into the increasing importance of
technology librarians in today's library in the field of library and LIS programmes.
However, the main focus of the study is to analyse the evolving role of the system librarian
in modern, technology-rich libraries in technology-related advertising.
Santosh (2017) study offers helpful insights into how librarians in Indian libraries use
Web2.0 tools. This research intends to examine the application in the Indian academic
libraries of tools and technologies of Web 2.0. Data were obtained from 46 central
university libraries in India by means of a standardised questionnaire. The results show a
reasonable degree of consciousness and familiarity among library professionals with Web
2.0 tools and technology.
Verma and Brahma (2017) after an analysis of the websites of 10 Central North East India
Universities, it has been shown, among the Central India University websites, that the
Mizoram University's Web Impact Factor is 52.73 IWIF, 30.80 EWIF, and 83.54 SWIF.
Beninghove (2016) performed a study and expressed in his paper that his work was a
qualitative, exploratory research study in which three case studies from three institutions in
the Western and Midwestern United States were examined using Peter Senge's systems
thinking conceptual framework. Interviews with ten participants were performed in order
to gain a better understanding of the drivers of innovation in academic libraries, as well as
how the organisational structure of libraries contributes to the development of ideas.
Constant comparative analysis techniques were used in order to code and understand the
data. According to the researcher, the process of innovation plays a critical role in the
deliberate design of library services, resources, and staffing.
Makori and Mauti (2016) This research was carried out in five higher education and
learning institutions, with three public and two private university libraries participating.
Although public universities in Kenya are well-funded and supported, the Commission for
University Education is working to merge the two sectors into one. Kenyan public
universities were ranked among the best in the world in a recent web ranking of higher
education institutions (Webometrics Ranking, 2015). Furthermore, university libraries
have created successful digital repositories that increase the visibility and attention of
academic and research outputs around the world. Libraries offer information and expertise
to benefit academic institutions achieve their aims and objectives.
Manoj and Sinha (2016) study present a potential methodology for designing and
constructing the Sikkim Library Network (SILIBNET), which would meet the needs of
Sikkim's academic community while also speeding up the process of creating the state's
library network. The first section of the paper gives a brief overview of library networks
for resource sharing, including their goals and purposes, as well as the many causes that
led to the formation of local, regional, and national library networks in India. The proposed
model of Sikkim Library Network (SILIBNET) with many facets for resource sharing in
Sikkim in a true sense for the general development of the society is described in the second
half of the study. In the age of open access, open-source, and open libraries, the necessity
for such a large regional network is critical. It is up to Sikkim's LIS specialists to step up
and debate the issues from many perspectives in order to develop such a network in this
distant portion of the country.
Joshi (2015) reported a survey of twelve university libraries in Chandigarh, Himachal
Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir with a focus on applications of ICT.
Eight out of twelve libraries have distinct names, according to the responses filled in the
questionnaire as well as information obtained from the websites of the universities. Despite
a widespread administrative indifference about the worrying status of empty posts, the
article finds that university libraries have obtained digital resources and Information and
Communication Technology-based infrastructures which ultimately helps them in
rendering ICT based services.
Konwar (2015) explored the different concerns and challenges associated with ICT
deployment and digitization in Barak Valley, Southern Assam college libraries. In
comparison to the rest of India, the Barak valley in Assam's interior and northeast India has
experienced less economic development. Faced with a variety of issues, the region's college
libraries are expanding day by day in order to meet the demands. With their software SOUL
and other assistance, UGC's autonomous centre INFLIBNET continues to make every
effort to encourage the automation of libraries in this region. The paper also highlights the
challenges that academic libraries face when it comes to ICT adoption and digitization.
Sinha and Gautam (2015) in the operation of libraries and information centres, ICT
caused revolutionary changes. Everyday life is marked by the effect of ICT, particularly
the WWW and the Internet. Academic libraries are facing problems with the increasing
price of learning resources available. Therefore, consortium methods for acquisition and
access to electronic resources by colleges and universities are being embraced and
explored.
Verma and Devi (2015) a checklist was drawn up and online pages from the library web
pages were rated on the basis of prior evaluations of different authors' websites. The
research was conducted to analyse the availability of information on the Indian Central
Universities' library website. The analysis was further based on information on the library
website of the selected universities.
Verma (2015) due to the effect of ICT and the digitalisation of library resources, new
paradigms have changed for the past two decades in the field of library and information
science and changed the earlier sense completely from preservation of documents to
management of knowledge. Based on the never-ending explosion of information in
different ways, caused due to globalisation, privatisation and liberalisation in all aspects of
human life, is the main cause of the emergence of the production, communication and
access to information technology and its application giving rise to the various types of
challenges faced by professionals. In order to address these challenges, the attitude and
methods of the modern librarianship need to be changed from document guardian to
information supplier. The way libraries employ the conventional shop house for providers
to access has been a paradigm shift. Furthermore, the contemporary digital environment
has brought a lot of changes to the duties and expectations of the librarian professionals not
only in terms of library and information services but also to meet the information
requirement of their users.
Yuvaraj (2015) a list of 20 characteristics that impacted the adaptation of an organisation
to innovation was developed after the examination of relevant literature on the issue.
Respondents of the study were requested to identify the relevant degree of each cloud
computing validation criterion. Furthermore, the analysis concluded that the Banaras Hindu
University library system (BHULS) favours the use of cloud computing technology.
Whereas, personnel’s of the library also were very keen to use cloud computing and were
ready to face the obstacles. Cloud computing benefits are insufficient to persuade
companies to move from the classical computer paradigm to the cloud. The cloud may not
become a widespread technology through technological progress. However, in order to
enhance the use of cloud computing services, collaboration among cloud service providers
complemented by strong Cloud laws will have to be developed. The study therefore also
provides the reaction of library professionals towards the adoption of cloud computing.
Golz (2014) performed a mixed-methods study which looked at how California community
colleges employ library/Web 2.0 technologies like social media, chat reference, and text
messaging by combining quantitative and qualitative data from library websites, library
social media posts, and a survey of library officials in California community college
libraries. More than half of California community college libraries use Facebook and
LibGuides as their primary library/Web 2.0 technologies. LibGuides was evaluated as
effective or highly effective by the majority of California community college librarians,
while Facebook was assessed as just slightly effective. The study also reveals that the
majority of librarians believed that social media might be a useful platform for promoting
library activities and events to students, as well as an effective outreach tool. Whereas, lack
of staff time, limited funds, a lack of staff training, and institutional policies were all
mentioned as hurdles to implementing new technologies. Growth of library social media
subscribers and analysis of the types of content that elicited the most student response was
used to gauge student response to library social media.
Hayman and Smith (2014) mentioned in their article the current developments in EBP
(evidence-based practise) and upcoming educational technologies, as well as a paradigm
for enabling evidence-based decision-making. The paper presents an overview and
synthesis of significant problems that are important to librarians working in a complex and
ever-changing landscape of learning and teaching technologies. Academic librarians
contemplating developing educational technologies in their pedagogy, as well as those who
assist the pedagogy of others, will benefit from the proposed strategy, which strives to
develop a sustainable model for solving evidentiary concerns. Overall, the goal of this paper
is to examine methods for making long-term decisions about how to integrate developing
educational technology into library instruction while maintaining evidence-based practice
(EBP).
Jan and Sheikh (2014) It is a well-known fact that digital technology has found a place in
almost every field and area of existence. In this way, libraries are much the same. In this
current era, all libraries retain information in the form of audio, video, and other multimedia
sources in addition to books. Their paper focuses on the effects of developing technology
on Pakistani university libraries. A total of 91 university libraries in the public sector were
chosen for this purpose out of which a sufficient number of libraries have responded. The
study's findings show that implementing emerging library technology has a favourable
influence on library services and resources at Pakistan's public sector universities.
Insufficient budget for library automation, a scarcity of qualified library personnel’s, a lack
of user education programmes on developing library technology, and repeated power
outages have all been identified as key challenges to the adoption of new technologies in
university libraries across the country. These barriers can be overcome by giving the
country's libraries the attention and resources they deserve.
Kumbhar (2014) The Horizon Report 2014 by the New Media Consortium (NMC) makes
some projections regarding new technologies and trends in higher education around the
world. The study discusses the position of academic libraries in light of the Report's
forecasts. The study mentions a few of the higher education trends highlighted in the report,
as well as reviewing and discussing academic libraries' current and potential actions.
According to the article, academic libraries are contributing to growing trends in higher
education through novel approaches and services. It concludes that, despite their efforts,
academic libraries still have room to improve their function and demonstrate their worth in
the changing higher education environment.
Sinha and Chanda (2014) there is an immediate requirement for the utilisation of RFID
technologies in the libraries and information centres of North East India. The RFID
technology is useful in the management of several universities and institutional library
activities. Implementation of RFID Technology in Universities and Institutional Libraries
of North East India has been discussed further in their report.
Corrall, Kennan and Afzal (2013) discussed in their study which found out that librarians
require a multifaceted awareness of the research environment. Academic libraries are being
challenged by changes in network technology, scholarly communication, and national
policy to develop new methods to interact with research communities during the economic
slump. In fields like bibliometrics and research data management, librarians are reacting
with service innovations.
Phuritsabam, Devi and Sagolsem (2013) discussed the developments, difficulties and
problems faced by library professionals and also provided suggestions in order to face
future technological challenges.
Sinha and Bhattacharjee (2013) depicted the current ICT awareness, internet literacy
scope and Internet usage patterns among users of Barak Valley College Library in South
Assam. The report includes the users mainly from the library where the impact of
computers and the internet is very less.
Sinha (2013) in the context of the North-Eastern India Library Network, several possible
problems and obstacles have been recognised and explored. Several ideas and proposals
have also been offered to make this endeavour an achievement.
Turner, Welch and Reynolds (2013) examined the professional discourse on information
and study spaces in university libraries, notably in the first decade of the 21st century. It
explores the history of academic libraries and the creation of learning spaces that focus on
the usage of the terminology derived from the notion of information communities. The
literary review of their study is largely determined by a notion of how alternative models
for the use of space in academic libraries for the provision of information and training
services may be visualised, till "maker spaces," have recently occurred. The language of
each model is taken into consideration, and historical changes, objectives, educational
effects and qualities for a better understanding of changes and trends are noticeable.
Yuvaraj (2013) explains clearly how cloud computing tools are used in library services
and how librarians at Indian Central Universities function. The study further concludes that
librarians depend extensively on cloud computing technologies and use different devices
to provide better library services. However, the key drivers of this phenomenon are
economies, delivery models and service tiers as well as user demand for cloud computing.
Most librarians, though, indicated their worry about safety.
Jerry and Ramasesh (2012) Technology is the ultimate cause of growth. It provides a
pathway for overcoming major obstacles. Information and communication technologies, as
well as their applications, have always been beneficial in expanding information services.
In a higher education system, they have influenced teaching, learning, research, and
extension approaches. The impact of integrated ICTs and Web technology tools on libraries
is highlighted in this study, which can help libraries modify their profiles for better and
improved information services.
Kattimani and Naik (2012) The goal of this study is to compare the ICT and librarianship
capabilities of different library personnel’s (librarians, deputy librarians, assistant
librarians, and library assistants, among others) who work at different libraries in
Karnataka, India. The research employs a mixed methodology comprising fieldwork,
theory, data collection instruments such as questionnaires, observations, and interactions
with librarians and information professionals. The bulk of library professionals employed
in Karnataka's engineering colleges fell into this field by chance. Different designations
show major differences in computer operation, file and folder creation, library automation
software modules, radio frequency identification, internet-related capabilities, multiple
operating systems, web design/ editors, IR digitization and search engines. Librarians have
exceptional web design capabilities when compared to all other professions. The maximum
number of professionals are dealing with financial difficulties, work overload, and a hostile
attitude from higher authorities against obtaining ICT skills. This is the first research of
ICT and librarianship abilities among library professionals working at technical colleges in
Karnataka, India.
Mutula (2012) shares the experiences and lessons learnt from the automation of the library
at the University of Botswana (UB). The paper presents the case study of the University of
Botswana on library automation. A number of elements have been linked to the successful
execution of the Library Automation project, including achieving strategic management,
thorough engagement of major stakeholders, aligning library automation along with the
university’s vision, strengthening library workers' capabilities and ensuring that their
employees are secure for librarians. The automation project has involved increased access
to a variety of digital resources, improved librarian images, new services, the release of the
physical spaces of the bookstore, the transformation of the bookstore into a social
environment of learning, the possibility of accessing local content through scanning, new
acquisitions of skills and access to the remote electronic resource library. The challenges
addressed included employee concerns about employment prospects, acquiring new skills,
increased bibliography obligations, increased user expectation, expensive membership fees
for whole text journals, bandwidth problems, etc. The results of automation expanded data
services, a retrained librarians' image, improved satisfaction of the users, and a university
transformation into learning- and research centre. This led to improved information
services. The study concentrates on experience and impacts in services and people and
physical resources of automation at the library of the University. However, the research
covers technological and management strategies for managing change at the University of
Botswana setting of library automation.
Susan and Baby (2012) research indicated that most professionals are not directly
connected with services based on ICT. Most Universities have noted that the ICT-based
services are supplied by a few well-educated professional librarians or computer
professionals and most professional librarians don't know about ICT services, or mainly
don't know the facilities at their institution. Data on the ICT literacy of professionals in
libraries were analysed. The study concluded about the library professionals' abilities and
understanding of various technologies, ICT applications and services. It also helped in
assessing the position of library professionals in relation to ICT applications.
Vijayakumar and Thomas (2012) libraries play a major role in fostering knowledge
growth. With the commencement of the modern era, people now have started facing many
problems to stay up with the contemporary information technology developments that have
caused the explosion of information and the information revolution.
Issa and et. al. (2011) conducted a survey research method. It had a population of 929
people at the time of data collection, which included all active users of the Federal
University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) Library, registered undergraduates and
postgraduates. The Federal University of Technology Akure Library's application of IT to
service delivery still has room for development, limiting its influence. This condition has a
number of issues, including limited funding, poor facilities, and regular power outages, all
of which obstruct the realisation of its intended benefits. At the National Open University
of Nigeria (NOUN), Ibadan Study Centre, Aramide and Bolarinwa (2010) confirmed the
existence of these issues, finding that “the key obstacles inhibiting the use of audio-visual
and electronic resources are poor power supply, inadequate infrastructure, lack of necessary
competence, high cost, and unavailability.”
Jan and Sheikh (2011) revealed in their study, the major purpose to conduct the study was
to compare the current state of automation in Islamabad, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan's
public sector university libraries. However, the major objectives of the study, on the other
hand, were- to evaluate the services and resources available in the university libraries in
Islamabad, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa using comparative analysis, to determine how happy
users are with technology-based services and resources in the aforementioned university
libraries, to make recommendations on methods to strengthen the public sector university
libraries in the study area.
Kamba (2011) In the late twentieth century, the Information Age changed industrialised
countries, and it is now set to have an equally significant impact on developing countries.
Higher education libraries have benefited from the use of information and communication
technology (ICT) to improve the availability of library and information resources and
services. African libraries are also embracing ICT in order to improve and contribute to the
growth of research and information use. The availability and high quality of services,
enough resources, and communication infrastructure are the main success factors for this
development. The study examines the efforts undertaken by African higher education
libraries to recognise, reform, and re-orient library infrastructure and employees in response
to ICT adoption. Furthermore, the study discusses numerous efforts to build library
networking and consortia, as well as the consequences that could be obtained from
incorporating ICTs into higher education libraries. The study also discusses why ICT
application is moving at a steady pace in Nigerian library development and offers
alternatives as a remedy for library growth in Africa.
Pant (2011) presented in his study the difficulties which North-East India's technical
institutes face. He has also discussed the solutions which will help to strengthen their role
as a significant participants in the new global economic order in India.
Shafique and Riedling (2011) study based on the literature review and personal interviews
was performed focusing on the status of research in Pakistan on the aspects of Web 2.0,
library development using Web 2.0, its applications, and to highlight the response of library
professionals towards Web 2.0. However, considering the review of literature results, past
surveys and current surveys, a suggestion was presented in an era of developing technology
for the survival of libraries in Pakistan. The application of Library 2.0, a second life for
Library services, was discovered by libraries in Pakistan. The study, therefore, offers a
proposal on the use of library 2.0 apps for library services by information professionals.
The article is the first to address the growing notion of a 3-D library in Pakistan, provides
a solid knowledge and application of, many ideas such as Library 1.0, 2.0 and the 3D
Library.
Somvir and Kaushik (2011) based upon the growth of websites and other information
technologies, library and information professionals now have enormous potential. In
addition to barcode technology, RFID facilitates and accelerates circulation, material
security, inspection and storage checks. However, the authors have also discussed an
overview regarding the RFID fundamental structure, function, important standards along
with their merits and demerits. The newest technology for ensuring robust security and
automatic identity surveillance systems in libraries is radio frequency identification
technology.
Sinha (2011) surveyed comprehending the perspective of the users in terms of reviews of
their daily work in academia and research.
Cervone (2010) explained in his study which aimed to explore the difficulties surrounding
developing technology and innovation in libraries, as well as their influence. The article
provides a broad review of emerging technology and innovation, as well as their application
to library practices. Librarians must be vigilant when using vocabulary such as emerging
technology, because what is new in one area may not be new in another, and librarians must
understand how those variances may play out within their broader organisations in order to
maintain credibility. Libraries must indeed be open to new experiences and explore
different things with their services and processes. However, because technology evolves at
a rapid pace, libraries must be flexible in their evaluation and implementation of new
technologies. The author also points out in his paper the challenges surrounding the
implementation and use of technological advancement and creative library practices.
Panigrahi (2010) The library and information centres have a key role to play in the
information society because of the proliferation of information. This can only be
successfully and efficiently handled by well-trained workers. To satisfy the requirement to
grow the workforce, libraries need a systematic education. This article addresses the LIS
education system of eight North-eastern India, Orissa, and West Bengal states in Eastern
and North-Eastern India. Identifies that LIS education began and expanded throughout
other neighbouring states in this region in western Bengal. The research found that
undergraduate courses were begun at numerous colleges, but most were abandoned for a
large number of reasons. Current courses, such as the DL, PGDLAN, MPhil, PhD, DLit,
MLIS, etc. are conducted at different levels in DL. DLIS is also now available. The need
for these courses to be standardised is crucial. Data concerning entrance requirements,
course content, delivery of course material: methods of instruction have been obtained by
means of questionnaires, interviews and websites. The statistics indicate the current state
of LIS education in the region.
3. Findings:

Based on the review of literature four themes emerged: “status of emerging technologies
adopted by the university libraries”, “attitude of librarians towards the emerging
technologies”, “technological compatibility among the professionals of the libraries” and
“barriers in the implementation of emerging technologies”.

3.1 Status of emerging technologies in the libraries:

Sixteen papers reported on the status of emerging technologies in the university libraries
both at national and international levels. Lubanga & Mumba (2021) the prominent factor
for the existence of new services and products at UNILIA libraries is ICT i.e.; library 2.0,
platforms on social media, emails, internet and electronic and public catalogues.
Furthermore, UNILIA libraries have been shown to be able to adapt to the quickly changing
environment and improve existing services and products while also taking advantage of the
new possibilities and trends in library and information science via research and creativity
and innovation in technology. Saibakumo (2021) nevertheless, in the midst of 18 new
technologies, adoption is stumbling whereas, very few have readiness and awareness of the
cybrary, library website, WebOPAC, institutional repository and social media. The utility
and character of learning environments have been inclusively used in technologies like the
Integrated Library Management System, the Library Guide app, RFID and the internet of
things. Chingath (2020) revealed that all of the technologies in libraries have viability, such
as the development of an encrypted database, speaking robots and flying books, etc. The
introduction of these technologies will contribute to a larger improvement in library
services. Moruf and Dangani (2020) the development of digital content in the academic
libraries will have a major influence, with the involvement of emerging library technologies
such as instructional system design software, electrical copyright management systems and
bibliographic citation software, integrated search software, library automation software,
electronic resource management and classroom management software. Acharya, Hiremath
and Lalasangi (2019) talked about the innovative technologies in their paper such as the
bleeding Edge: Facial recognition is coming of age, Updating media labs and maker spaces,
Robots, Library portable applications, Virtual reality applications, 3D printers, Kinetic
bicycles in the library, Digital narrating, Book conveyance ramble, Digital interface for
printed books, E-reader applications, Cloud printing, replicating and examining. Ajie
(2019) analysed the concept and practice of globalization in university libraries which will
be connected to Nigerian Libraries. Llewellyn (2019) reveals in his study that digital
revolutions have significantly affected the nature of learning and have given academic
libraries new chances to adapt their approach to study, teaching and research in academia.
Moreover, Shashikumara and et. al. (2019) have picked the following modes of
technological development: connected toys, data everywhere, drones, blockchain, haptic
technology, facial recognition, virtual reality, voice control, robots, plugged-in. And how
technology may transform the face of libraries, and how can new technology continue to
evolve from time to time. In order to compete with the rapidly developing environment,
technical developments must be regularly updated (Barathi, Loganathan and Rajan, 2017).
A conventional library has transformed its automated, electronic, virtual and digital library
with rapid expansion and usage of modern technology. In particular, the library scenario in
an academic set-up has transformed entirely this revolution (Jan and Sheikh, 2011).
Emerging library technology implementations have a favourable influence on the
University's library and resources services (Jan and Sheikh, 2014), numerous instances of
the solutions used by university libraries to improve services and innovation utilising new
technology (Kumbhar, 2014). Modern education demands academic institutions to have
enough information infrastructure to provide access through digital technologies, the digital
warehouses, the Internet of things, mobile computer systems and social media platforms to
education, learning, information, and knowledge resources (YouTube, Twitter and
Facebook). E-learning, e-resources, e-information and electronic archives must be
furnished in a digital environment that must be expanded using contemporary technical
resources and facilities such as social cloud computing and the internet (Makori and Mauti,
2016). The library has led to improvements in quality information services, increased
librarian image, librarians' skills, university transformation and user-friendly
satisfaction into a learning and research centre (Mutula, 2012). Sinha (2013) however,
focused on several open-source software that may be utilised for library network
development. There are various social networking sites that are suitable to link LIS experts
and provide member libraries with information via, Facebook, wiki, blogs, RSS Feed,
LinkedIn, stream media, etc. Finally, Sinha and Chanda (2014) with respect to national and
international scenarios, outlined the use of RFID Technology which has become
extremely important in libraries and other commercial organisations and the possibilities
of deploying RFID technology in libraries and information centres in Northeast India
urgently needs further study. It is not surprising that libraries today are striving in this
modern era in order to establish their worth as well as serve the users undoubtedly.

3.2 Attitude of librarians towards the emerging technologies:

Twelve papers revealed the attitude of librarians towards emerging technologies.

Saibakumo (2021) there was a strong level of awareness among Nigerian librarians
towards many developing technologies (such as RFID, institutional repositories, Cybrary,
library websites, social media, Internet of Things, use of Library Guide application,
Integrated library management system and WebOPAC for effective service delivery) and
their relevance to university libraries. Funmilayo and Ayo (2020) librarians, however, are
required to upgrade themselves along with the system in order to furnish user-oriented
services through adherence to the latest online technologies utilised worldwide to furnish
library services because any librarian who is unaware of trending problems and adoption
of the newest technology will be redundant and left behind. Ajie (2019) expressed the
changing responsibilities of librarians in this evolving information technology
environment. Abubakar and Attahir (2018) explained certain skills that must be build up in
the librarians from time to time in order to be in sync with the fast-growing world. These
skills include leadership, interpersonal relationship, technological awareness and
understanding skills, problem-solving, systems thinking and understanding, knowledge of
intervention skills, etc. Barathi, Loganathan and Rajan (2017) described the aim as to share
resources with existing information leveraging modern technologies, enhancing
community growth, improving services for library members and providing a wide variety
of time-saving features. Cervone (2010) concluded that as technology evolves rapidly,
librarians must be nimble for technology assessment and deployment for displaying better
services. Most of the researchers believed that social media might provide an effective
platform for student promotion of library programmes and activities and that social media
may be a useful instrument for communication (Golz, 2014). Kamba (2011) emphasises
the varied networking and consortium initiatives within libraries and the possible
consequences that ICTs might have for the libraries of higher education. Mwaniki (2017)
librarians must always increase their professional abilities to reflect technological progress.
The professional abilities of librarians and their educational growth must alter radically.
Susan and Baby (2012) in order to complement and strengthen navigational abilities, the
academic librarian for this decade has to possess a portfolio of technological talents. The
technology librarians have been branching off and becoming more connected with the
library rather than just managing library databases and ILSs (Ratledge and Sproles, 2017).
Yuvaraj (2013) discussed the efforts made by librarians to significantly focus on cloud
computing technologies and most of them use numerous gadgets for better library services.
It is clear from the review that librarians are trying their best possible ways to acquire
knowledge related to trends growing in this rapidly evolving world. The reviews performed
have also focused on the attitude of librarians towards the growing technologies in order to
meet their users need.

3.3 Technological compatibility among the professionals of the libraries:

A significant number of papers (Fourteen) outlined the technological compatibility among

the professionals of the university libraries. Chingath (2020) illustrates a roadmap for LIS
professionals, in particular among the younger generation, to integrate library technology
and enhance library image. Ajie (2019) focused on the opportunities and dangers Nigerian
information professionals face in this era of globalisation. Furthermore, the article also
addresses the constraints of the libraries. The literature states that earlier training methods
for the library's professionals were mostly designed for freshly enrolled graduates who were
prepared for employee participation. The development of new technology requires libraries
to develop new ways of exposing professionals to new technological abilities; which is
based on a collaborative employee learning model with the Maker Movement's (Brown and
et. al., 2017). Adequate/qualified staff recruiting and library staff training/retraining
(Enweani, 2018). A summary of the major concerns pertinent to library professionals
working in a complex and constantly changing ecosystem of accessible learning and
learning technology (Hayman and Smith, 2014). Hussain and Jan (2018) suggest that young
professional librarians have a greater interest in Web 2.0 technological activities. LIS
professionals must have an understanding of ICT and web technologies and their tools as
well as their communication skills (Jerry and Ramasesh, 2012). The difference between the
different designations for computer operation competence, identification of radio
frequencies, creation of files and folders, operating systems, IR digitalisation, software for
the automation of libraries and internet-related competencies, Internet editors, web design
and search engines is significant (Kattimani and Naik, 2012). Makori and Mauti (2016)
demonstrated that pedagogy, teaching, learning and digital literacy abilities, computer
science and quantitative analysis, electronic resources planning and business
entrepreneurship are key to the academic and non-academic community of information
professionals, academics and professors. The concerns of professionals were around job
losses, learning new skills, increasing user demands, additional libraries duties, expensive
subscription fees for full-text papers and bandwidth problems among others were all
countered (Mutula, 2012). The library professionals have a decent degree of competence
but lack a proper grasp on the tools and technology of Web 2.0 (Santosh, 2017). Shafique
and Riedling (2011) addressed the growing notion of the 3-D library in Pakistan. It also
offers information professionals a suggestion for the use of library 2.0 and library 3-D
applications. Technological abilities enable library professionals to more broadly control
the knowledge and transmit these skills as suitable to the users (Susan and Baby, 2012).
Because of the unprecedented explosion of information and the availability of it in various
forms, which are created in one way by privatisation, liberalisation and globalisation of
every aspect of human life and the emergence, in a different way, of the information
technology industry and its application in information generation, communication and
access. There have been many modifications not only to libraries and information services
but also to library professionals' responsibilities and anticipations to respond to the
demands of their users for information, in the current digital world (Verma, 2015). This
finding clearly shows that the new era of modernisation has brought about a great challenge
for the professionals working in the library environment. To bring about a change requires
a great amount of mental stability as well as knowledge. Although the new technologies
have made things much easier for everyone it is equally important to first build up a
complete understanding of that technology in hand.

3.4 Barriers in the implementation of emerging technologies:

Twelve papers focused on the barriers to the implementation of emerging technologies in

university libraries. Lubanga & Mumba (2021) violators in research and innovation
policies, lack of established research and innovation centre, unpredictable technological
changes in the 21st-century landscape and universities culture without supporting research
and innovating are key questions that hinder library R&D, creativity and innovation in the
libraries of UNILIA. Saibakumo (2021) inadequate financing, a lack of power supply, poor
maintenance are the major barriers that restrict efforts made to adopt new technology.
Increase in information costs and quality. Infrastructure problem, Lack of
informatics/learning, The lack of government assistance might be due to fiscal restrictions,
Poor upkeep and culture updating, Record conversion issue. Nigeria and other poor
countries are facing a number of problems in the current information revolution, though
(Ajie, 2019). Barathi, Loganathan and Rajan (2017) focused on the picture of the problems
relating to the use and utilisation of new technologies and creative library practices.
Cervone (2010) discusses concerns relating to implementation and the use of new library
practices and emerging technologies. Appropriate finance for university libraries, effective
communication and adoption of excellent management style are some of the methods for
efficient library management in a digital world (Enweani, 2018). Lack of staff time,
restricted resources, lack of employee training, and institutional regulations have been
reported as impediments to the introduction of new technology in the libraries (Golz, 2014).
The use of Web 2.0 technology in library services poses several important barriers like time
consumption and concern of violation of personal information (Hussain and Jan, 2018).
The main obstacles to the deployment of the latest technology in university libraries
identified were poor financing for library automation, lack of qualified library personnel or
user education programmes on developing library technology, and frequent power failures
(Jan and Sheikh, 2014). Kamba (2011) outlines the causes for ICT applications in library
development in Nigeria and also provides solutions to those problems. Fund crises and the
unavailability of well-qualified staff in libraries are the fundamental issues of ICT
deployment (Konwar, 2015). Moreover, Makori and Mauti (2016) highlighted the absence
of skills and competence, insufficient knowledge, insufficient ICI infrastructure,
insufficient information resources, sufficient social computers, poor institutional and
physical structures, which have an adverse influence on the use of digital technology. New
opportunities always come with challenges, this section of the review clearly depicts the
areas which have become the major hurdle in the process of modernisation of university
libraries.

4. Discussion:

This literature review focuses on the new or emerging technologies and services in
university libraries. Emerging technology therefore can be defined as “technology that is
on the cusp of adoption” (Cervone, 2010). These engagements of growing technologies
have affected the services of academic libraries tremendously. After a careful examination
of the relevant literature presented above, four themes were identified. The findings of the
study clearly illustrate that the studies focusing on the status of emerging technologies in
the university libraries are way more than the studies performed on the attitude of librarians
towards technologies, compatibility of library staffs towards growing technologies and of
course lastly the barriers which hinder these technologies to get implemented in the
libraries. Researchers are trying to explore the status of university libraries in this growing
technological environment. WebOPAC, library websites, automation software’s, digital
repositories, social media, mobile apps, digital resources, e-readers, RFID, barcodes, QR
codes, cloud printing, web 2.0 and 3.0 technologies, etc. have all been playing major roles
in the library services in this digital environment (Makori and Mauti, 2016; Acharya,
Hiremath and Lalasangi, 2019; Saibakumo, 2021). Furthermore, it is also revealed that
librarians are having a positive attitude towards technologies. They are making efforts to
introduce new services and products in their libraries so that they can cater to their user's
information needs. Today, Ratledge and Sproles (2017) stated that technology librarians
are branching off and becoming more connected with the library rather than just managing
library databases and ILSs. They are experiencing changes in their role from being
traditional librarians to modern information providers. The efforts made by librarians to
substantially focus on technologies of cloud computing and making use of innumerable
gadgets for improved library services (Yuvaraj, 2013).
Moreover, Brown and et. al., 2017 mentioned in their research that the development of
staff and their training remain essential pillars for library work; the process of creating new
knowledge provides an opportunity and helps in the inclusion of new staff to serve different
communities. Learning practices among library staff are influenced by a number of reasons
such as, the introduction of emerging technology, the constantly developing demands of
library users, changing library operations and procedures and professional mandates are all
possible drivers. Although, it is the fact that engagement of new technologies have changed
the overall role of the libraries from traditional ones to the modern ones it has also created
huge hay of challenges for the professionals working in the libraries. Konwar (2015) stated
about the crises of funds and the nonavailability of well-qualified staff in libraries are the
significant issues of the deployment of technology.

5. Conclusion and suggestions:

The purpose of the study is to examine literature available on the application of technology
in libraries. This literature review helps library professionals and librarians about the
technology used by libraries and also the barriers faced by them. Furthermore, it raises
awareness of the challenges these new technologies poses both for users and for libraries.
This review article examines library information services in this context of the internet
environment. It offers an insight into the new technologies which are becoming the need of
the hour of every individual. Users have now recognised the value of technology and hence
accordingly their expectations and demands are growing. The analysis of the literature
showcases that with the growing intervention of technology, challenges related to it also
grows equally. Therefore, it is necessary for library resources and services to go in sync
with the emerging library technologies.
The study further suggests exploring users experiences with these emerging
technologies, to investigate the effectiveness of these new technologies in providing
information services. Studies based on different technologies should be performed which
prove to be the most useful ones for different libraries. Furthermore, studies related to
 challenges faced by library professionals in pursuit of these emerging technologies can also
be made.

References:

Abubakar, A. and Attahir, I. S. (2018). Innovative and Creative Skills for the 21st Century
Librarian: Benefits and Challenges in Nigerian Academic Libraries. Journal of Information
and Knowledge Management, 9(2), 113-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/iijikm.v9i2.9

Acharya, S., Hiremath, S. and Lalasangi, S. (2019). Technological trends in modern libraries.
Indian Journal of Library Science and Information Technology, 4(2), 63-65. DOI:
10.18231/j.ijlsit.2019.018

Ajie, I. (2019). Information Service Provision by Librarians in the Era of Globalization. Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2517. Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2517

Barathi, S., Loganathan, G. and Rajan, V. R. (2017). Emerging Technological Innovations in

Library Knowledge Management and Services. Advances in Computational Sciences and
Technology, 10(5), 1479-1486. ISSN: 0973-6107. Retrieved from
http://www.ripublication.com

Beninghove, L. (2016). Exploring Innovation: A Qualitative Study of Academic

Libraries (PhD). New Jersey City University.

Boruah, P. J. (2018). Problems and Future Prospects of Higher Education in North East India.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI), 7(2), 9-12. ISSN
(Online): 2319 – 7722.

Brown, J. and et. al. (2017). Evolving Skills for Emerging Technologies: A Collaborative
Approach. Library Hi Tech, 35(3), 346-359. DOI https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-12-2016-0156

Cervone, H. F. (2010). Emerging Technology, Innovation, and the Digital Library. OCLC
Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives, 26(4), 239-242. DOI
10.1108/10650751011087594

Chingath, V. (2020). Technology Trends in Libraries. Transforming libraries: Smart users,

smart services and smart resources. 65-70.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346975783

Chukwueke, C. and Onuoha, J. (2019). Emergent Trends in Library Services Delivery: The
Application of Information and Communication Technologies in Academic Libraries. Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2602. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2602

Corrall, S., Kennan, M. A. and Afzal, W. (2013). Bibliometrics and Research Data
Management Services: Emerging Trends in Library Support for Research. Library Trends,
61(3), 636-674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2013.0005
Cross, E. and Tucci, R. (2017). The Emerging Technology Collection at Carleton University
Library: Supporting Experiential Learning in the University Curriculum. Partnership: The
Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 12(1), 1-19. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v12i1.3917

Enweani, U. V. (2018). Challenges of Managing University Libraries in Contemporary

Digital Environment. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2073. Retrieved from
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2073

Funmilayo, R. and Ayo, O. (2020). Global Trends and Emerging Technologies in Libraries
and Information Science. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 3835.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/3835

Golz, N. S. (2014). Library 2.0 and Emerging Communication Technologies in Community

College Libraries (PhD). Saint Mary’s College of California.

Hayman, R. and Smith, E. E. (2015). Sustainable Decision Making for Emerging Educational
Technologies in Libraries. Reference Services Review, 43(1), 7-18, 0090-7324. DOI
10.1108/RSR-08-2014-0037

Hussain, A. H. (2018). Awareness of Web 2.0 Technology in the Academic Libraries: An

Islamabad Perspective. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1945. Retrieved from
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1945

Issa, A. O. and et. al. (2011). Application of Information Technology to Library Services at the
Federal University of Technology, Akure Library, Ondo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy
and Practice, ISSN 1522-0222. Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/

Jan, S. U. and Sheikh, R. A. (2011). Automation of University Libraries: A Comparative

Analysis of Islamabad and Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Pakistan. Library Philosophy and
Practice, ISSN 1522-0222. Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/

Jan, S. U. and Sheikh, R. A. (2014). Impact of Emerging Technologies on University Libraries

of Pakistan. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 4(3), 56-69. ISSN:2250-1142
(Online).

Jerry, A. R. and Ramasesh, C. P. (2011). Emerging Trends and Technologies: Impact of

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) on Libraries and LIS Professionals.
mySCIENCE University of Mysore, 7(1-2), 34-41. Retrieved from http://myscience.uni-
mysore.ac.in

Joshi, M. K. (2015). University Libraries in North India: Current Status and Information
Technology Use Trends. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(4), 258-
265.

Kamba, M. A. (2011). Implication of ICT’s in Libraries of Higher Education Institutes: A

Panacea Catapulting Library Development in Africa. DESIDOC Journal of Library &
Information Technology, 31(1), 65-71.
Kattimani, S. F. and Naik, R. R. (2013). Evaluation of Librarianship and ICT Skills of Library
and Information Professionals Working in the Engineering College Libraries in Karnataka,
India: A Survey. Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, 47(4), 345-369. DOI
https://doi.org/10.1108/PROG-07-2012-0041

Konwar, U. K. (2015). Problems and Prospect of ICT Implementation and Digitization among
the Major College Libraries of Barak Valley, Southern Assam: A Case Study. IOSR Journal
Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 20(2), 16-21. e-ISSN: 2279-0837

Kumbhar, R. (2014). Academic Library’s Responses to the Emerging Trends in Higher

Education. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 34(6), 477-485.

Lan, P., & Young, S. (1996). International Technology Transfer Examined at Technology
Component Level: A Case Study in China. Technovation, 16 (6), 277-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(96)00005-3

Llewellyn, A. (2019). Innovations in Learning and Teaching in Academic Libraries: A

Literature Review. New Review of Academic Librarianship. DOI:
10.1080/13614533.2019.1678494

Lubanga, S. and Mumba, J. (2021). Research and Development (R&D), Creativity and
Innovation in Academic Libraries in Malawi: A Way To Rethink Library Development in the
21st Century. Retrieved from SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3867430
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3867430

Makori, E. O. and Mauti, N. O. (2016). Digital Technology Acceptance in Transformation of

University Libraries and Higher Education Institutions in Kenya. Library Philosophy and
Practice (e-journal), Paper 1379. Retrieved from
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1379

Manoj, N. K. and Sinha, M. K. (2016). Design and Development of Sikkim Library Network
(SILIBNET): A Proposed Model. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-
JHSS), 21(11), 13-20. ISSN: 2279-0845. Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org

Moruf, H. A. and Dangani, B. U. (2020). Emerging Library Technology Trends in Academic

Environment - An Updated Review. Science World Journal, 15(3). ISSN 1597-6343.
https://doi.org/10.47514/swj/15.03.2020.002

Mutula, S. M. (2012). Library Automation in Sub Saharan Africa: Case Study of the University
of Botswana. Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, 46(3), 292-307, 0033-
0337. DOI 10.1108/00330331211244832

Mwaniki, P. W. (2018). Envisioning the Future Role of Librarians: Skills, Services and
Information Resources. Library Management, 39(1/2), 2-11. DOI 10.1108/LM-01-2017-0001

Panigrahi, P. (2010). Library and Information Science Education in East and North-East India:
Retrospect and Prospects. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 30(5), 32-
47.
Pant, R. M. (2011). Technical Education in North-Eastern India: Problems and Prospects. 3rd
International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering IPEDR, 12, Singapore.

Patel, K. M. and Darbar, M. (2017). Use of ICT Resources and Services at Selected
Government Grant-in-Aid University Libraries in Gujarat- A Study. International Research:
Journal of Library & Information Science, 7(1).

Phuritsabam, B., Devi, T. P. and Sagolsem, M. (2013). Paradigm Shift of LIS Education in the
North East Region India. iConference 2013 Proceedings, 757-763. DOI 10.9776/13362

Ratledge, D. and Sproles, C. (2017). An analysis of the changing role of systems librarians.
Library Hi Tech, 35(2), 303-311, 0737-8831. DOI 10.1108/LHT-08-2016-0092

Saibakumo, W. T. (2021). Awareness and acceptance of emerging technologies for extended

information service delivery in academic libraries in Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice
(e-journal).5266. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5266

Santosh, S. (2017). Awareness, Use and Attitude of Library Professionals towards Web 2.0
Applications in Central University Libraries in India. Annals of Library and Information
Studies, 64, 155-164.

Shafique, F. and Riedling, A. (2013). Survival avenues for Pakistani libraries in the era of
emerging technologies Adoption of Library 2.0 and Library 3-D. The Electronic Library, 31(4),
412-432. DOI 10.1108/EL-02-2011-0025

Shashikumara, A. A. and et. al. (2019). Emerging Technology Trends for Libraries and Library
Professionals. Librarianship Development through Internet of Things & Customer Service
(LDITCS 2019), 75-81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348871131

Sinha, M. K. (2011). Information Communication Technology (ICT) Awareness amongst

University and College Teachers of North Eastern Region of India: A Survey. Library Progress
(International), 31(2), 217-234. ISSN: 0970-1052.

Sinha, M. K. (2013). Prospects of Developing North Eastern India Library Network

(NEILIBNET) for Resource Sharing Issues and Challenges. National Seminar on North East
India Library Network (NEILIBNET): Challenges and Opportunities, Guwahati University,
Guwahati.

Sinha, M. K. and Chanda, A. (2014). Exploring RFID Technology Application for Managing
Library and Information Services in University and Institutional Libraries of North East India:
An Overview. International Journal of Information Sources and Services, 1(3). ISSN 2349-
428X (Print).

Sinha, M. K. and Gautam, A. (2015). Electronic Resource Management in University and

Institutional Libraries of India in Changing Environments: An Overview. In Embedded
Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age: Conference Proceedings of
60th ILA International (Diamond Jubilee) Conference, 470-478. Delhi: Indian Library
Association, Delhi.
Sinha, M. K., Bhattacharjee, S. and Bhattacharjee, S. (2013). A Study on ICT Literacy and
Internet Use Pattern among College Library Users of Barak Valley, South Assam, North East
India. Current Trends in Technology and Science, 2(5), ISSN 2279-0535.

Somvir and Kaushik, S. (2011). The New Emerging Technology in Libraries: RFID
Technology. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 1(2).

Susan, M. K. and Baby, M. D. (2012). Developing Technology Skills for Academic Librarians:
A Study based on the Universities in Kerala, India. Library Philosophy and Practice, ISSN
1522-0222. Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/

Turner, A., Welch, B. and Reynolds, S. (2013). Learning Spaces in Academic Libraries – A
Review of the Evolving Trends, Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 44(4), 226-234,
DOI: 10.1080/00048623.2013.857383

Verma, M. K. (2015). Changing Role of Library Professional in Digital Environment: A Study.

International Journal of Library Science, 13(2), ISSN 0975-7546.

Verma, M. K. and Brahma, K. (2017). Websites of Central Universities in North East India: A
Webometric Analysis. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(3), 186-
191. DOI: 10.14429/djlit.37.3.10906

Verma, M. K. and Devi, K. (2015). Content Analysis of Central Universities Library Websites
of North Eastern States of India: A Survey. Journal of Research in Librarianship, 2(5), 48-59.

Vijayakumar, A. and Thomas, J. (2012). Application of Information Communication

Technology in College Libraries. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(2), 91-
94. ISSN: 2231-6302

Wahab, S. A., Rose, R. C. & Osman, S. W. (2012). Defining the Concepts of Technology and
Technology Transfer: A Literature Analysis. International Business Research, 5 (1), 61-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p61

Yuvaraj, M. (2013). Cloud Computing Applications in Indian Central University Libraries: A

Study of Librarians` Use. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 992. Retrieved from
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/992

Yuvaraj, M. (2015). Problems and Prospects of Implementing Cloud Computing in University

Libraries: A Case Study of Banaras Hindu University Library System. Library Review, 64(8/9),
567-582, 0024-2535. DOI 10.1108/LR-01-2015-0007