Association Connecting Electronics Industries

IPC-4412C
®

Specification for Finished

Fabric Woven from ‘‘E’’
Glass for Printed Boards

Developed by the IPC Woven Glass Reinforcement Task Group (3-12d)

of the Printed Board Base Materials Committee (3-10) of IPC

Supersedes: Users of this publication are encouraged to participate in the

IPC-4412B WAM3, December 2018 development of future revisions.

Contact:

IPC

Tel 847 615.7100

Fax 847 615.7105
September 2021 IPC-4412C

Table of Contents
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.4  Fabric Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.5  Fabric Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.6  Fabric Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.7  Feather Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.8  Filament Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Definition of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.2.9  Bare Glass Nominal Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Process Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.3  Chemical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 Order of Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3.3.1  Finish Level (Organic Content) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.1 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.4  Workmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.2 Clause References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.5  Laser Machinability Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7.3 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.6  Alternate Fabric Styles and Weaves . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.8 Use of “Lead” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4  QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.9 Abbreviations and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.1  Statistical Process Control (SPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2  Responsibility for Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10.1 Defect Major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2.1  Test Equipment and Inspection Facilities . . . . . . . . 7
1.10.2 Defect Minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2.2  Preparation of Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10.3 Defect per Hundred Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4.2.3  Standard Laboratory Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.10.4 Dielectric Constant (Permittivitty-Dk) 4.3  Inspection Requirements and Acceptability . . . . . 7
for Bulk Form E-Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.3.1  Sample Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.10.5 E-Glass (Electrical Grade Glass Fiber) . . . . . . . . . 2
4.3.2  Sampling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.10.6 Hollow Filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.3.3  Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.10.7 Leno End Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4  Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.10.8 Mark Heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.1  Fabric Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.10.9 Light Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.2  Fabric Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10.10 Pick Broken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.3  Weave Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10.11 Pick Missed (Mis-Pick) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.4  Fabric Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10.12 Spread Glass Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.5  Weight per Unit Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10.13 TEX System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.6  Fabric Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10.14 Yarn Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.4.7  Fabric Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.4.8  Finish Level (Organic Content) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1  IPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.4.9  Bias or Bowed Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2  American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5  PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3  International Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.1  Preservation and Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.2  Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3  REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.3  Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1  Visual Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2  Physical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6  NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2.1  Fabric Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6.1  Ordering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2.2  Weave Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6.2  New Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2.3  Fabric Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

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IPC-4412C September 2021

Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Tables
Table 3-1  Classification of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3-2  Filament Diameter Designations . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 3-3  Bare Glass Nominal Measurements . . . . . . . 6
Table 4-1  Sample Size per Number of Rolls Shipped . 8
Table 4-2  Sample Size per Yardage of Individual Roll
Shipped and the Acceptable Quality Level . . 8
Table A-1 Cross Reference Between IPC-4412,
Standards Called Out by IPC-4412,
and ISO Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table AI-2 Cross Reference Between IPC-4412,
ASTM and ISO Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table B-1  Finished Fabric Glass Styles in SI Units† . . 12

Table B-2  Finished Fabric Glass Styles for US System† 14

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September 2021 IPC-4412C

Specification for Finished Fabric Woven

from ‘‘E’’ Glass for Printed Boards

1 SCOPE
This specification covers finished fabrics woven from ‘‘E’’ glass electrical grade glass fiber yarns that are intended as a reinforcing
material in laminated plastics for electrical and electronic use. All fabrics covered by this specification are plain weave.

1.1 Purpose This specification determines the nomenclature, definitions, general and chemical requirements for the glass, and
physical requirements for finished woven glass fiber fabrics.

1.2 Designation Appendix A provides the user with a cross reference between the IPC-4412 requirements and ISO specifications
applicable to woven glass. Appendix B of this standard provides a style designator for each finished fabric glass style, with
specifications on yarn, fabric count, thickness and weight in both SI and US system. Fabrics listed in Appendix B also categorize
fabrics by their current availability status.
1.3 Classification
CLASS 1 General Electronic Products
Includes products suitable for applications where the major requirement is function of the completed assembly.
CLASS 2 Dedicated Service Electronic Products
Includes products where continued performance and extended life is required, and for which uninterrupted service is desired but
not critical. Typically, the end-use environment would not cause failures.
CLASS 3 High Performance/Harsh Environment Electronic Products
Includes products where continued high performance or performance-on-demand is critical, equipment downtime cannot be
tolerated, end-use environment may be uncommonly harsh, and the equipment must function when required, such as life support
or other critical systems.

1.4 Measurement Units This Standard uses International System of Units (SI) units per ASTM SI10, IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Section 3
[Imperial English equivalent units are in brackets for convenience]. The SI units used in this Standard are millimeters (mm) [in] for
dimensions and dimensional tolerances, Celsius (°C) [°F] for temperature and temperature tolerances, grams (g) [oz] for weight,
and lumens (lm) [footcandles] for illuminance.
Note: This Standard uses other SI prefixes (ASTM SI10, Section 3.2) to eliminate leading zeroes (for example, 0.0012 mm
becomes 1.2 μm) or as an alternative to powers-of-ten (3.6 x 103 mm becomes 3.6 m).

1.5 Definition of Requirements The words shall or shall not are used in the text of this document wherever there is a requirement
for materials, preparation, process control or acceptance. The word “should” reflects recommendations and is used to reflect
general industry practices and procedures for guidance only. Line drawings and illustrations are depicted herein to assist in the
interpretation of the written requirements of this Standard. The text takes precedence over the figures.

1.6 Process Control Requirements The primary goal of process control is to continually reduce variation in the processes,
products, or services to provide products or processes meeting or exceeding User requirements. Process control tools such as
IPC-9191, JESD557 or other User-approved system may be used as guidelines for implementing process control.
Manufacturers of Class 3 products shall develop and implement a documented process control system.
A documented process control system, if established, shall define process control and corrective action limits. For Class 1 and 2
products, the use of “statistical process control (SPC)” shall be optional and should be based on factors such as design stability, lot
size, production quantities, and the needs of the manufacturer, See paragraph 4.1 for the quality assurance section regarding SPC.
1.7 Order of Precedence
The contract shall take precedence over this Standard, referenced standards and drawings.
In the event of conflict, the following order of precedence applies:
1) Procurement as agreed and documented between customer and supplier.
2) Master drawing reflecting the customer’s detailed requirements.
3) When invoked by the customer or per contractual agreement, this standard.
1
IPC-4412C September 2021

When documents other than this standard are cited, the order of precedence shall be defined in the procurement documents.
The User has the opportunity to specify alternate acceptance criteria.

1.7.1 Conflict In the event of conflict between the requirements of this standard and the applicable drawing(s) and documentation,
the applicable user-approved drawing(s) and documentation govern.
Some examples of documentation include the contract, purchase order, technical data package, engineering specification or
performance specification. In the event of a conflict between the text of this standard and the applicable documents cited herein,
the text of this standard takes precedence. In the event of conflict between the requirements of this standard and drawing(s) and
documentation that has not been user approved, this standard governs.

1.7.2 Clause References When a clause in this document is referenced its subordinate clauses apply, unless the requirement
references specific subordinate clauses.

1.7.3 Appendices Appendices to this standard are not binding requirements unless separately and specifically required by this
standard, the applicable contracts, assembly drawing(s), documentation or purchase orders.
1.7.3.1 Appendix A Cross Reference List
1.7.3.2 Appendix B Finished Fabric Glass Styles SI Units
1.7.3.3 Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms

1.8 Use of “Lead” For readability and translation, this document uses the noun lead only to describe leads of a component. The
metallic element lead is always written as Pb.

1.9 Abbreviations and Acronyms Periodic table elements are abbreviated in the standard. See Appendix C for full spellings of
abbreviations (including elements) and acronyms used in this standard.

1.10 Terms and Definitions Other than those terms listed below, the definitions of terms used in this standard are in accordance
with IPC-T-50.

1.10.1 Defect Major A defect that is likely to result in failure, or to reduce materially the usability of the unit of product for its
intended purpose.

1.10.2 Defect Minor A defect that is not likely to reduce materially the usability of the unit of product for its intended purpose.

1.10.3 Defect per Hundred Units

Number of Defects X 100
Number of Units Inspected
1.10.4 Dielectric Constant (Permittivitty-Dk) for Bulk Form E-Glass The permittivity (dielectric constant-Dk) of bulk form E glass
to be used for printed board applications, as a reference only value, is 7.1 @ 1 GHz, as measured by IPC-TM-650, Method 2.5.5.9.

1.10.5 E-Glass (Electrical Grade Glass Fiber)E-glass, which is to be used for printed board applications, is a continuous filament
glass yarn with a chemical composition* by weight that is within the following limits:
B2O3** 5% - 10%
CaO 16% - 25%
Al2O3
12% - 16%
SiO2
52% - 56%
MgO 0% - 5%
Na2O and K2O 0% - 2%
TiO2
0% - 0.8%
Fe2O3
0.05% - 0.4%
F2
0% - 1.0%
* Composition is to be certified by yarn supplier as requested.
**For convenience, the composition of borosilicate glass is often expressed in terms of oxides (B2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, CaO,
etc.). This does not imply anything about the nature and structure of glass. Borates are network formers and are part of the structure
of borosilicate glass. All raw materials are completely consumed during manufacturing, and no raw materials are present in the
final product.