TM PORTANT \ DEFINITIONS XI! Pry sree: @ Electra frele): Elective RW onder cly ab ang pednd OY tha Force expenienced by @ Unth Postrive change places! at Ht pocnt. TES & veotor quanttiy.. ST undp Mee Vig, @ Elecite Held bine Hey a path Alin which aunty posthve chante weld move tf ces Fron +0 do so, THO path pa ge that der9en} do he Lirechon of electric Feld ot that paing” ae @ Electric depole sp pair. of epun) and) oppeeipe peind- ch Aeparcated by Coal) disterce & “nnon ar an ‘Yeomte Lipoje. O Aye producp oy nas) petnd giver 4 etther Change P = 1% Ae thd 2 : ae » ty oa Vector Terry nected Flom — x Om metry (Cm), © Elecrete tuys Flecmse ux Hhrwagy on elettrule fad MP MRDH he \d0$0) ho, Ling aaa, the Fanpace pone : ge = {é@. by pee any. s F& Leafan quan) 4 te, FY ST undp \ WE ST undp Nate! on Vin. © Electrostan'e Potential, en : Eletnottane potenrte] eneayy ES change ot A pacny iy ¢ Work done Wy external for Tt ce é ” briging the change from io Fenity t thak pee. vs a” Seon quak ST Unde & Tarde (a9 7 @® Electrostante ee es Poder day at & Poin cs the work done 4 an external force ty Pringing awit tve Change from inking ry Fo Hhot poind, Va = Wer & Theo a Aeolan quan. ST Utd ty Te om verd-(y),© Ene porenk'al Lunfnce: 9 Lurface on which the posers’ at Lt petnts © Same ef Known af an equi posential eobee @ Elecrnoctaic ghietdéng » The phenomenon. of prope ct) cntain abalon of epace from the external eleenic "Beg ef Known af elecirodinke phealditn © Déeclecintcc: Deelectrwepr ane She Prealatig inobentatp> whieh Harsmids the edectule effecss Wet ole Concur ob'n @ Ddécecmee fen eFant(Ky : he Ra’ of eypennel. eleeete. Held oppiied (By) the redue d Value of efeotru'e ft (2) 6 the Lede ctle. Y casjed the ateelecmnate ees SPrAhe material of the electri o: Ks Be iw mr 4a’ Talo knmon ag Th: abarve Ye wie tiered, 7 om 3 ® Capacitance + Coprerdanee Ya Cp oon the “am rend of change rejuinad FO motte by pores fap by gy sndtp cor igen ARE © Tt mw Leofan qeanriy wns \SD.0h ef fare Cr). ® driv veroee he fucelurga eed wth whic, the, free eectrons Get butted tna metadji'¢ Cond chor ytercler the tofluence ofan extennal He chrde Held. & Cobtedfcteity vee Relaxanion Hme: he average Hive that an” electron SA AM OG Fem Sperds betwen wo Luccetive Colectanc x's Cote’ the, refaxakon Hme « Mobility : Mobe]e Of hath velyce’ “nest. ty of charge & chefned ‘av the ma ni inode ty of change aad ele otru'e Pld, Ud vit moi > ; a “Ev mo 2 EU st wy er mt om ” Sa voor ms yr le. rent ABA @ Curnont ooneety » Ceunneny clenetty at & pony €7.0 Grnelu tor Nh ane C8 the ancuny of Current (Ym tng pon Und} anna Predwvded the onan & held tna Une chog Dorma} +0 Currant, T= = nevy - neter Tho &@ vecton quart’ having akin teins ome oy the Are CHO Of elo cdrte Fretd ST Unet A/yyrTD Retispante 1 Revspance of a conductor iv the ratio of The horentinl Lily erence aerors the ends of the Conductor, +o the Cuno} brrweng thausgh i. : Re KTH St unit ohm (sn): : Electrlc pawer: Yhe nate at which electrule wonky done 4 Phe _Volinge Cource tn maintain ing Carerant -¢y jhe decprie nett eS Coyied electric power, ay iae fy 3 Pah svt sare aWn tino wl - t ork oT SE uch dy Ty, on, Wa) 0)? weteba GA Whetstone bridges Tf a aniele rule ean culy which & wed do meopune Recuutat eli ay Unkn eed TLL Sta ¢@ Maynenic fleld : Magnerie Feld at a pidnt by Space equ ty the fonce ex pertenced. y a vUney ch, moving Wey a Unie Velocity p ht +o Sing i 7 Thar Quang tO eta #9 ANA th ngoeh'e Hietd af THO ® Vector lean tty. SP undo Ter)a Cr). — Onze ampeno ¢ One empene tS thot Cunrint urhdeh whey Paceline, 2nch of the two enbintrely tong Pos )ef conclu chong a on Drive ace Lm apart wif obtract on: 2ACh on, wlth & force of ay is Fe pp Per Und Longs, ee “ ) Moving oi) golvorometer’s t} by device uhdeh wy used do detect on meoguns Ama) eeoprwe Carron dts Cn CER dp Curren} Sondre ot eo kof ned Of He hebjecno n Prodce 1 4 Utd Connon F biroe Hoang bp ty the galvanometen “oh Ts = & = Ne SE Unb ey eR, on dev /p = @D vo} Senvdnivdry : Thy lef ned ap the Lefyeck on Procucod tn the Qrtvanomepen hen a. undp Porennia) liber - enen UF app Led aeners dts two term inal | Vex fo. GP 2 Te New ar Vv TR R KR i ef ute read. Jy on odev, Megnenic Aekd Lineg : rt vy the path ato Whe an choJapeof Nonth poje would move th t+ & bree py ’olo £0 — 0 Tt or the pot ach that Hogend do bp aft any podnd grver the Lrech'on of magnesia Piclo at that Polod.Magnenic tipore momentoz Th et dhe product of #drong Hy of etter polo ard the magnehc Lngty of & mag ned. | =n, x28 y THY a Vvecton quently wth ea from &~ pole e yee oF the magned. CT unty ty Min on iS een Miagnehie induciion/magnenic Hay dersciy CB) tay ntive bla denedly toa materiap ty a\ meovting of Pho no. of. mi Lines Paeseng Pon unit onenof--Hhe ireterap —<~ ~ SE andy y Terla(T) on We/me 00 ON . ir Relative Permeability: Relanive (Perrneobe ning Of mofertal eet ete ——— Vy & the nario of Megnebie. Max, clens ity stn Ahed marerta) (ny py the Btu censity en Vac Utim (Bo). pion) conga Sr moa oteo be chef ney ap the reak'o> op: abcdidpe Perm cokes? SFM maperula) to the *Leolute Renmesbsydh) Of VA certo | Are 2 Be eee? ce et ae onlay Bo he caayp gov? Magnetiedng feree/ rongnehie thy cntiny (A), \Th moy be clofined a4 the no, re, 7 ag neste Field] “bE ampona Pirns, frodn CADP? Len H=nr , By AO oho] © a Sh undh of yy ampere tern e/meyns' eM ) © Lotensty 9 mapraineNen (rie Dh calor yay doe Er tied rt tone on Ma op Unis bn) @® Magnebic Les capri betity 3 magneh'satton( Mm) develsped nin Wet Cif). Xm th TF ya numben weyh no Uncte sha Diomagneh'e Sube acest! Thoye Arbsepancep usherh whey placed & external magnehie PleLop “ane eentely mang nedsed a linech'on opprrife to tho magreris ng pletd ane Coded on hOGw 10 Mamagnehic Subetancer, : Th ty he aaho OF entensiy of 9 Ine materia], Fe The ppl@ Paremagnehic Substances: hove Lubstancey which wher raced fan external magnehic Field ana weakly magnetised én the cire- CHon of magne siting Freld ane cof eo Porcomagneh'e Substances, CD Fennomagnenic Aubshancey: These Aubspances ethich when ® i) Placed ty an externa) magneh'c freld ane Strongly mag nen'sed in the direction of the maqnatisin Fretd one copjeol fercromagnen'c 2 3 vi Aabctancep, Magneh'c ftux: Magnetic ftuy tha any Aanfrace held ina magnetic Feld & defined ay the total no, of magnehe fr'eld Liner Crowing the Aunface norm . Tees mentuned oF the product Y turface anen and the Component af maynehic Feld normal + the Afunface anor, by = A( Bese) = BR ThO | RKealan qentihy ST Unch cs Webern Ons). plarconey emt: The emt induced acnoy the end of a Conductor cut to th moron &% & magnep'c Field & calted Motonal emf. Selk inductance Codfpciens of elt énduchion(L): Sey Cnderctanca, ef a coe) cy equa) te the aman} of mejnehic Fray Linked we, +, cwi] whey a unct Connent Hows tharagh ey ' OR . Selb cnductance of @ tot) ey numer’ lly eguod +o the emf éndu tn the Wl] when the nate of change of cannend th a unity e* , a THY aw Keafan quoakihy, ST unth oy Henny cH) Mutual tnductance Cocbhivvent of mu fre induction (na) + Co-ebbiwet Yo mutuc} taduch'on of two cocls ey C9 Ua} 40 the magneh'e Ping Linked wtth one Wil when 9 Unit Cannone Stews en the other wi]. m 0 Coddiutert of mutuay Cnduchion of Huo Colle es eqund dy the mun induced emf cn one Cod] hen tye rope + chenge of Cumnont th the othen Cot} unig HOA sojan Qwankh, OF Uned Heoreg(H). AC Generator: fn he generator th a device chech Convent mechantca} enenyy nto altennaking fonm of electru'ca) en Tm value Of alternnaking Cannes): ‘Ine rmt value of alpenalin Cannsat «that Atendy Current hich when Huwtny thrnugh Frey TUS bance fon « Yiven me Produces the Same amar of heat ayProduced 4y the athennaiiny Cormorant when Stawsing Pregl, the Lame ruresjance fore the Lame Hime. G) Tims Vale of affennating Voliage > Yhe rms valice of pueuanee) viltaye & dink Abend vitinga hich then appied Yo & gore acne fon a yen Kme Produces the Bome unvun} of heot ay Proctu ced by dhe ahennaking voltage when applied 40 4+he Lame nerttpance fon the Seme Kme. @ Induciive reactance (Xt): Yhe oppewiéon offerend by eaducton to the Carmen? Huw tn an ac Unudt SF Known of inducthive MeaChance . Xu = Wl = uvL = St unit ohm, Copacikive neactante (c) + he oppesiton offense by w Capa el fon —PAuRve neactan te (X¢ Um. Urs Com Cron tothe Current Gtr én an ac cnudt & kniwn a padhve TR ACHANCE, a : ; Me o elieag 3! = sh lis ST Unck &Y Ohm. <" WC * tev &m crite @) Impedance (z)! Yhe effecttre oppeek'on offensd by the Len, Aaniog Umeaih to the Carcreent Fos és Cnet. Impedance z - VRE Gout @) Watters Current: Corrent thavigh Pure enductore on Pure pac fon Which Consumes no powerr ton th maintenance (nthe rtd} ey CAled Watters Corront ‘Treansformen: 1} ty an electric) dov'ce wh the vorpage of an ac Supple & Displacement Curcrant + Th & that Cunnent which exith én aneron Penh Cosrercont fn Which the Olectrete Feekd and hence the electric flux e& Changing wh time. = bo de Tp = € Tt & EM wave: Electroma ynepic Kinu sodas Voriahion of ele to 20h othen oF Well oy of Prepagat'on of Wares, Trienschy fem waver : Intentéhy of em wavep e& the nn94 Seeing Per Aecond Pen uni) ansa of 4 Furface Perpercti cyare do the Mrack'on OF Paepagahion of the womre , Known of émpedance of the ich is Used) for changing waver ane the warey which Contitt of chute end maynehic freloly ab right angle right orgle to the Lirachon ofeve endex: he refractive index of a medium may be defined a ee Ai in vacuum fo il fpeed én lee @ cubed angles the angle of éncédence én -the clenser redo fon ehich the angle of regrackion in the rarer: meclivn becomes qu’ er Cried iHcal angle. ; “Titet torte refteckion : Jhe phenomenon in which “ reg of Hight Fravetting aban magne of ineidence greeter than the Cetin cal wale from Aensen to a rarer medium és totally reflected LACK inte the denser medium caljed ofa} internal wefpection, ® Opel FKbre: TH ey a hain thin boy Strand of Telly gion /yuanse Arr rendes} by a gin contra of SighHy Lrwen wefra chive index ONY uted 04 « guided meckium Fon dnansmiifin opr] Aagrale. Peon Of hens: Th oy meapuned ay the Fangent of the angle L Whee ep Con vereg ep on diverg ep & beam of Haba Falling ab lnep Uttenee trom the opticed cenres . Pe + . ST Wk deoptne (Dp) © ARs fest: The Locus of alt the Parcdicier of @ medium whtch ang Vebrading ty) the ame Phase & known a4 a Wave fronp. on 4 wove tron, oy Hebe OF & Luadnee op Bansseoy -phabe: ® RYE: She Lines Perpindi dacs 40 the toave fron) ata Cited Ree @® Coherent trun cay of Light « CF of igi ane fade fo be Cohenont ef they emit Light Waves of tame braquuney on Wavefeng yy, hawing Kero plose Aifpensn ce on Constonp Phote Mbference. Intenfenen ce : 1} & the phenomenon oF racdistne lution of Light energy bn a meckium Fa result of Aaperpost ion of Lighy woweg From 4wo Coherent Launces, * Fringe widty + he Aeponakion bright on dark Fraing es the Connens between ~g two Conseonrk've & CHlea) Fringe we dt. 5 The Phenomenon of benolin of 2m obstacte on aperture @ photoctecrnee EfeCh! he phenomenon of améicecon Of electrons from a medice ca When radiation of Fidos jo Fraqarney Fels on dp & c4led photoelectric effect. SPepving potenKied : The minimum napanditn petent'a} of the coljecton Plote ton whieh the Photo Carmen} be comes Zero & Knmn of Cup off on topping porential Y Uybh enound f Clef Libpnachon of NighyThreshold Frequenvy 2 Yhe minimum Frequanyy of cen eae Lelow which no phofoefectruc emicsion es pocsibje & led threes a Sf cluresh appoach + the smaller) elériance of an approaching a- porhicle from a heavy nuciery wWhene ity K.E- cy Compley. Converted ty Pie. ty Knuwon os Airtonce Y Cluser}+ approach © Tmpact ponameber . the Penpendiuan distance 4 the éntkied velocity Vector of the &- particle from tne Confne of & nucleus & kneon 24 impact Panameser . Bohn's radius: Yhe naclivy of the Onnermingt one of the hydrogen Gm BF cote hoha'e nackiuy, @ Maw debechs he difference between the Lum of the mane of ConsHtient nucjeons and the actuay m4 of He nuclery cy crfed mos cele ch. 8) Nucjeare bending en The topo sneuyy requinse to brea upa NUclets enty cts Constituent Pnotont and neusrons and Fe Aeponate then to entitle kisbanca apart tr Aled NUClemn binding enenguy, on TS the Cnenry witty which the nucleons ane hetd together withén the nucleon, Nucleon #uions Yhe phenomenon ¢ exerted Lplts (nto $90 Lmafjen & Otled nucleon Aieeton, chain neackon: Yhe nucleon Fieion which once Ltanted Conk'nuey HU Ad! the atoms of the Fisstonable material ane Ut integrated Yr CAled chain neack on, @ Moderator : Any Substance which & wed to Alow down fagp moving neutrons to thermal energies & called a moderraton. @ Neutron multiplication Facton: Tt the nakio ofthe no. of. aaa aera ion . ° Neutrons Prete atthe bepinning of 4 Panh'cufar generation ee no. of neutrons Present at the if ginntng Ff the Praviryy generahon, @® Nacleot reactor: They a device which Provides energy ata Atenety rode thaviyh Controlled Aetien Chotn Teach on, Nucleon fuplon: form « heavier nu nh which a heavy nucleug whey Nuchec of neonly Comparable magsey The process of combining two LMyht nucled to cleus wlth the rebate op huge amorun} of & omled nuclean Furlan. a fi @ Energy band + the ronye of enenyep Pevsetted by electrons of & prey onbit of an atom w& knveon ay energy band.GD vrence bend : Yhe range of energies porsersed by the vofence eechnons Known af Valence band. a ® Conduction bend! jhe mange of energies Povsers es} bg tonduch’on eectrons ef Known ag Conduchion band, @ Forbidden nergy yep: he Aepanah'on bepween Conduction band and valence ban q on the enenyy Love} diagram er Knvwan ag forbidden bine FV eae Tntreinsie Semivonducton: A pure Lonteontucton oF Known OY an entunsic Semtconductor- @ Extrinsée tomiconducton: When A Controsied amcunt of faibebie impunity & added fo 6 Pana temiconducion 4 tnenease cb con dachvcly the negulting Lemiconducton cy Cleo extunsic Semiconductor . Doping : Yhe procets of delébenate added 'on of Controlled Qntunt of Luitable impunity ty Pune Lemconductor fo en Enerte os Conduactivety oy Called doping. n-type Semitonducton: Whey a Contreliad amrun} of Surtobje Penta val en} empurity &s added tu a Pung Bem Conductore ch ef @ n-type Semiconductor. Pobre sentconducton! Wher a controlled amount of Luitoble trivelend impunity & adda to a Pune Aemicenducton , cbr Colles P-type Lemiconducton. ® bn~junckon : When a Aemtoonductor Cre tod One halk et p-type and the othen n- dived eng the two holvepy ey Cleo a pn = junck'on, Depletion region : The sma) megan on both Ske of the pn junchton Which & depleted of change Conriensy ond has only emmobele cons ey CAled aplep'on region on LepleHon Layer. ; Bornten potential : the potertiod Hi henence thap exitt Acnors the Pn- junckton which opposes He fino of change Canniens & Knuon ay bonnien popentay. @ Kechter: Thy a device Used +o Convert alternating volkege fesnein nto chinecp Voltage / Cunnent . Help wove rechten: A rechipter which Usep only one holk cy cje Of énpub ac voltage +o Pnopluce de vutput és cated a hedlfp wore ech feo & Ao prepared that APL, the Contac Aunfrace ©Full wove rechifret: A rechiper which cep both hall cycles of cnpub ac voltage + produce de output ef cled a ful] ware necHien. Felten Cincuth: TH oy a devece which remover the a¢ Component of neck fier output but allinws the de Component to reach the Load.