Analog Electronics
Lecture 12
Operational Amplifier
“Op-Amp”
Dr. Roaa Mubarak
Op-Amp Applications
Linear Applications
1- The Inverting Amplifier
2-The Noninverting Amplifier
3- Summing Amplifier
4- Subtractor
5- Voltage Follower
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier
• A summing amplifier has two or more inputs; normally all inputs have
unity gain. The output is proportional to the negative of the algebraic
sum of the inputs.
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
3- Inverting Summing Amplifier examples
4- Subtractor
• All op-amps are “Differential Amplifiers” due to their input configuration, But by
connecting one voltage signal onto one input terminal and another voltage signal
onto the other input terminal the resultant output voltage will be proportional to
the “Difference” between the two input voltage signals of V1 and V2.
• Then differential amplifiers amplify the difference between two voltages making
this type of operational amplifier circuit a Subtractor unlike a summing amplifier
which adds or sums together the input voltages. This type of operational
amplifier circuit is commonly known as a Differential Amplifier configuration.
4- Subtractor
4- Subtractor
• When resistors, R1 = R2 and R3 = R4 the above
transfer function for the differential amplifier
can be simplified to the following expression:
• Differential Amplifier (Subtractor) Equation:
• If all the resistors are all of the same ohmic
value, that is: R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 then the circuit
will become a Unity Gain Differential Amplifier
and the voltage gain of the amplifier will be
exactly one or unity. Then the output expression
would simply be Vout = V2 – V1
4- Subtractor example
4- Subtractor example
Another example using summator
5- Voltage Follower (Buffer)
• The voltage follower (or buffer) is an op-amp circuit that has its inverting input
connected directly to the output without a feedback resistor. Since the input
always equals the output, the gain of a voltage follower equals one.
• The benefit of using a voltage follower is the high input impedance and low
output impedance of the op-amp that allows almost all of the voltage from a
previous source to be dropped across it. The op-amp can, in turn, feed the rest
of the circuit with the higher desired voltage.
5- Voltage Follower (Buffer)
• Again, V+ = V-, and in this case V+ also equals the voltage source (Vs).
Furthermore, the output (Vout) is equal to V-.
• V- = Vout, and V+ = Vs, therefore, Vs = Vout
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
A (Gain)= =1
𝑉𝑠
