ncept of balancing, Balancing of single rotating mass.

alytical / Graphical method for balancing of several

~asses ~evolving in same plane.
 To neutralize
\fibration effects, tt._
required to be balanced
defined as the Proceu
counteracting force to
JJlinimizes the
. effect of unwanted

....
aa a device used to transform some forces (centrifugal force) and
form of energy to perform some useful called balancing. momeate
A machine is said to be completely balanced when
l>ming this work, different motions will be • the resultant forces and couple between th fr
. fiound a t·10n are zero.
and 1ts e ame
lnwlved. Thus machine will have different moving
element. Balancing of Single Rotating Mass :
s.1.1
These elements or link may execute different
motion. Like reciprocating motion as in piston Q. Explain any one method of balancing of single
cylinder or slider in guides, or rotary_motion in mass?
crankshaft or combination of motions. Q. Explain the process of single rotating mass when the batalD
masses are on the opposite sides of disturbing mass.
• There are different forces will be set up in the
machine element due to moving components. Due to a single rotating mass the centrifugal
• forces (Inertia force) set up which causes
These forces can be divided into two main groups.
unbalanced. This mass called as a disturbing
• The reaction forces between the element of a
machine due to pressure of working fluid called as mass.
The balancing of this can be done by two type :
static forces and the reaction forces produced due •
to acceleration of moving element or link termed (a) Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single
as inertia forces. mass rotating in the same plane.
(b) Balancing of a single rotating mass by two
• Static forces are in equilibrium among themselves
and are neutralized. So these forces are not masses rotating in different plane.
required to be cared for balancing. . mass by a single mass
(a) Balancing of single rotating
• But the inertia forces developed may not be rotating in same plane : .
necessarily in equilibrium. The unbalanced inertia . ttached to a rotatmg
forces tends to produce vibration. • Consider a mass m is a h trifugal force
shaft at a radius r. Then t e cfte~
• The vibrations are relatively at high speed cause a
exerted by mass m O
n the sha is
... (8.1.1>
lot of noise, wear and tear and ultimately result in F == ro w2 r
faulty performance of a machine .. C
 of rotatio•.1. •
s
'fhus depending
ing weight B can be suitably ...t
b~anc . V&
Balancing mass m different plane than -.
(b) disturbing mass:

, s:/i/'~,i:<
,,1
-~ 1~= • Due to limitation of space, the habn,...
mass cannot be provided in the same plaa
as that of the disturbing mass. Then the
_1'

~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,111111111111111111,1, balancing can be achieved as given below.

Fig. 8.1.1 • Fig. 8.1.2(a) shows that the disturbing mass

m rotating in a plane of rotation x-x'. Let
• The centrifugal force develop m w2r will be x 1 - x 1 and x 2 - x 2 be the plane of rotation of
continuously changing its direction, it will
different balancing masses B1 and B2
cause bending moment on shaft.
• To counteract the effect of this inertia force a respectively.
balance weight may be introduced in the m

same plane of rotation. This balance weight

should be attached in such a way that it will
result into exactly equal but opposite inertia
force to that of the disturbing weight m. I
I
X
• The centrifugal forces ari proportional to the
product of the mass and ~adius of rotation of
respective masses because angular speed is
same for each mass. (b)
(a)
Let B - Balancing mass attached Fig. 8.1.2
rb - Distance of e.g. of balancing mass . erfect balance the
from the center of rotation
• To bring the systemBma;e essential. If od/
two masses B1 and 2
 ave
ree and couple
can be achieved by
wn in Fig. 8.1.2 (b).

B2 rb2 l2 = mr x l
Br rb2 = e:z )
imilarly moment about x2-x2
B1 rb1 l1 = mr (l2 - l)
mr (l2 -l} '1111.

B1 rb1 = l2 (a)
Fig. 8.2.1 : Space diagram
• By selecting the above values of mass and
radius of rotation and length, perfect
balancing can be determined.
8.2 Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in
the Same Plane :

• Consider a number of masses of magnitude m , m ,

1 2
m 3 and m 4 (say four) are rotating at a radius of r ,
1
r 2 , r 3 and r 4 from the axis of rotating shaft. Let 0 ,
1
02 , 03 , and 04 be the angles made of these masses
with the horizontal line as shown in Fig. 8.2.1.
• When such a system revolve it is subjected to a (b)
concurrent system of centrifugal forces acting Fig. 8.2.1 : Space diagram
radially outward through each mass center. The
resultant of these system can be found by,
1. Graphically- as discussed below:
 'fhetn~~
.-es 111ay be obtainei;
l) Find centrifugal force
( rotating shaft. (Centrifugall
Illass and its respective radius oho
(Z) Resolve the centrifugal forces
er, H ) and vertically (LV).
Sum of horizontal component of the ce
'Fig. 8.2.2 : Vector diagram
forces
the magnitude and position of the balancing mass
IH = m1r1cos0 1 +m2 r 2 cos02 +......
can be found as :
and sum of vertical component of the centrifugal
1. First draw space diagram with given position
forces.
of masses as shown in Fig. 8.2.1.
2. Find the value of centrifugal force (m1r 1 ) or
IV = m1 r1 sin 01 + m2 r2 sin 02 +......
(m2r 2 ) exerted on the each rotating mass. (3) The magnitude of the resultant centrifugal force

3. Now draw the vector diagram with the help R = ✓ (IH)2 + Cf.V)2
of centrifugal force such that ab represent the (4) The resultant force makes an angle 0R with the
centrifugal force exerted on mass m 1 horizontal, tan 0 = I MV
(or m 1 r 1 ) with magnitude and direction with (5) The balance force is then equal to the resultant
suitable scale. Similarly construct, be, ed. force but in opposite direction.
4. Now, according to law of polygon, the closing (6) To find the magnitude of the balance mass,
side 'od' represent the resultant force and
Rb = IDb rb
direction of balance mass B but opposite in
Where IDb = Balancing mass,
direction.
' rb -_ rad'us
1
of rotation of balancing D1as&
5. Shift this resultant in the space diagram to
find the angle of balance mass with
horizontal.
 scate1 cm•llQG
. e
5 cm, 10 cm
ding angle ar~
. ind the position and
mass if the radius of its

; r1 = 15cm 81 = 100
; r2 = 10 cm 82 = 60°
kg r 8 = 20 cm 83 = 130°
' 04 = 245°
= kg ; r 4 = 25 cm (b)
Scale 1 cm : 5 kg-cm Fig. p. 8.2.1
m 1 r 1 = 2250 =4.5 cm
mB rB = scale x od = 500 x 3 _2
m2r2 = 2500 = 5 cm mBrB = 1600
Suppose balance mass = B 1600
-- -
msrs = 4000 = 8 cm
if radius of rotation = rB = 18 cm 1600
But rB = 18 cm= 18
m4 r4 = 5250 = 10.5 cm
mB = 88.88 kg
Space diagram :

od = 8.2 cm Analytical method :

Resolving the m 1 r 1, m2 r 2, m 3 r 3, m 4 r4, horizontally.
I,H = m 1 r 1 cos 0 1 + m2 r2 cos 02
+-ms r 3 cos 0s + ffi4 r4 cos 84
= 2250 cos 10° + 2500 cos 60
+ 4000 cos 130° + 52540 cos 245
= 2215.81 + 1250 - 2571.15- 2218.745
= -1324.08 kg-cm
(a)
 Suppose balance
then
+ - l"l 11D ~
9s + JJl4 r, sin e,
sin 100 + 2500 sin 60
+ 4000 sin 130 + 5250 sin 245
= 890.708 + 2165.06 + 3064.17-4758.11
= 861.822 kg-cm
_--~tant R = ✓crH) 2 + (IV) 2
= ✓<- 1324 _08 )2 + (861.822)2 = 1579.84 kg cm
But R = mb rb
15 84
= ~~· = 87.76 =88 kg Space dia~ram Vector diagram
Scale I cm = 20 kg-m
Fig. P .8.2.2
---- ( IV ) ( 861.822 )
Angle, eb = tan-1 IH = tan-1 -1324.08 ➔
od = 0.8 cm
= tan- 1 (- 0.6509)
mB rB = 0.2 mB= 0.8 x 20 = 16
= -33.060
mB = 80 kg
.·. Angle ofresultant mass = 180 - 33.066 = 146.93°
:. The position of balance mass Bise= 124° with
Ex. 8.2.2: Four masses m 1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, mi and mass will be 80 kg.
300 kg, 240 kg, and 260 kg respectively. The
corresponding radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, Ex. 8.2.3: Three masses m,,m2 and m3 are of 100 kg, 200 kg
0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively, and the angles and 150 kg respectively. The corresponding radii
between successive masses are 45°, 75° and 135°. m and 0.25 m respectively and
Find the position and magnitude of the balance are 0 .3 m,0 .15 o d 75
angle between successive masses are 45 an
mass required , if its radii of rotation is 0.2 m. Solve
• 11 th 0 position and magnitude
Graphically. -- Bf) Determine graphica Y,
· d ·t its radius of rotatiofl
Solution: of the balance mass require I DltJ
m1 = 200kg r1= 0.2 m 01= 0° is 0.2 m.
m1r1 = 40 kg m
m2= 300kg Soln.:
r2= 0.15m 02= 45° m2r2 = 45 kg m 01 = 450
r1 = 0.3 m=300mm;
ma = 240kg r a= 0.25m 03= 45 + 75 = 120° mara = 60 kg m r2 _- 0.15 m = 150 mm
m1 = 100kg
1n4 = 260kg r4 = 0.3 m mz = 200 kg
02 = 750 + 450 = 1200
04 = 120+ 135 = 255° II4r4 = 78 kg m
ffi3 : 150kg
r3 = 0.25 = 250 mm
 1.,.1cal Method :
~rt•,.
81 = oo 81 == oo
82 = 45° 82 == 450
08 = 120°
03 = 1200
Resolving horizontally

1: H = m 1 r1 cos 01 + m2r2cos 02+ m3r8 oos e,.

Scale 1 an : 100 mm
= 30000 cos 0 + 30000 cos 45° + 37500 • lW
= 30000 + 21213.2 - 18750
= 32463.2 kg
0
Resolving vertically
C
r, V = m 1 r 1 sin 81 + m2 r2 sin 02 + ma r3sin 0a
/
/ = 30000 sin O+ 30000 sin 45 + 37500 sin 120
/
oc = 8.4 /
/
= O + 21213.2 + 32475.9
/
/
/
/ = 53689.15 kg
/ ~ - ------:
Resultant R = ✓ (IH)2 + (I,V)2
/
/
/
,I
/
/
b
R = ✓ (32463.2)2 + (53689.15)2 = 62740.610 kg-m
/
/
/
/ R = fib rb
/
/
/ 62740.61 = fib X 200, fib= 313.70 kg
/
/
/ Angle of balancing mass
0 a IV~ _1 ( 53689.15)
Fig. P.8.2.3 e = tan- 1 ( I H ) = tan 32463.2
m B rs = oc x scale
= tan- 1 (1 .653)
ms rs = 8.4 x 7500
m B r B = 63000
e = 58.84
160
kO ~
... (1) Ex. 8.2.4 : Four masses ar~ 260
nding ra dk·1~1 'o' - ~
,, ,viii'~
But rB = 0.2 m =200 mm The correspo
200
m,n
From Equation (1 ) 250 mm, 150 ~m, masses
between successive
63000 Find position a~ magn
mB = 200 requ1.red , if its radius
od of
graphical meth .
 81 =450
. f)z = 90°
'
. 83 = 135°
'
11M lllqbitude of balance mass
lrg-mm = 78 kg-m.
40000 kg-mm = 40 kg-m.
-45000 kg-mm = 45 kg-m.
-= 40000 kg-mm = 40 kg-m.
1111,l"t, = scale x od
Dlt, X 0.18 = 10 X 7.5
•
mb = 416.6 kg.

o-----
mb
:t -
135°
-

Fig. P. 8.2.4
The magnitude of balance mass = 416.6 kg and
JI •tion is 195° with the mass m 1.
 . = 6.02kg-m

mb ri, = 6.02, mb =~:~~ =20.067 kg

LV 5.455
Tan eh = IH = 2.55

eh = tan-1 ( 5.455)
2 _5 5 = 64.94°
So balancing mass = 20.067 kg to be located
at 0 == 244.94°
Graphical method :

0
I
I
I C

mo b
I
I
I
I
I

b
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
64°
0 I