Work / Energy
vertical circular motion
(String)
Dr Rajeev Tyagi
Circular Motion
If speed is constant (Uniform circular motion)
Still the direction is changing
ONLY the direction is changing
So a force perpendicular to velocity is acting (as its work is zero)
Centripetal Force = mv2/r Centripetal acceleration = v2/r
NET force towards centre
WHO is providing this NET force?
DO NOT BALANCE – Find CAUSE !
Circular Motion
If speed is VARYING (Non-Uniform circular motion)
A force perpendicular to velocity (changes direction)
A force along/against velocity (changes speed)
Centripetal acceleration, aR = v2/r
Tangential acceleration, aT
NET acceleration = √(𝑎𝑅2 + 𝑎2𝑇 )
Circular Motion
Force equation for a circular motion in a horizontal plane
𝑚𝑉 2
=𝑇
𝑟
Few examples of WHO/WHAT can provide centripetal Force
Tension in a string
Normal reaction
Clamp
Electric force (atom)
Gravitational force (planets)
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
As the body moves up, the speed of the body keep decreasing.
Proof: speed is zero at ends, non-zero otherwise
As the body moves up, the tension in the string keep decreasing.
Proof: tie the string to a spring balance, the reading in it varies as the bob swings
Drawing FBD and writing Force-equation-
Drawing FBD and writing Force-equation-
Drawing FBD and writing Force-equation-
Drawing FBD and writing Force-equation-
Drawing FBD and writing Force-equation-
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
The condition for body to be on circular track is that T must not be zero at any point on the circle.
If the mass remains in lower half:
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
The condition for body to be on circular track is that T must not be zero at any point on the circle.
So the condition for “just completing” the full vertical circle is that T at highest point is zero.
If the mass reaches the upper half:
Few results related to Velocity at lowest point:
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
So the condition for particle to leave circular track is -
.
Velocity at lowest point: Results
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
Co-ordinates of point where the mass leaves circular track
Mass tied to a STRING, in a Vertical Circle
Co-ordinates of the highest point reached by the mass
