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Average generally represents the central or typical value in a group of data. Average refers to the
sum of a group of values divided by n, where n is the number of values in the group.

To calculate the average, you need to sum up all the observations in a list and then divide that by the
total number of observations.

The formula for calculating averages is

*In statistics, average is also known as a mean.

Example: What is the average of 10, 15, 24 and 32?

Solution: Sum of the numbers = 10 + 15 + 24 + 32 = 81. No. of the numbers = 4.
Average = 81/4 = 20.25

Exercises:

1) If the runs scored by Mushfiqur Rahim in last 5 matches are 72, 64, 22, 34, and 98. Find the
average run scored by him.
a) (a) 56.5 (b)55 (c)57 (d)58 ( e ) 60

2) What is the average of first five natural numbers?

a) (a)2 (b)3 (c)4 (d)5 (e) 7

3) The average of five numbers is 25. After one of the numbers is removed, the average of the
remaining is 31. What number has been removed?
(A) 1 (B) 6 (C) 11 (D) 24 (E) Data insufficient
4) The average weight of 3 men is 53 kg. None of them weighs less than 51 kg. What is the
maximum possible weight (in kg) of a person in that group?
(A) 53 (B) 55 (C) 57 (D) 59 (E) None of these
5) In a class average age of 15 boys is 10. If 5 boys each of age 14 years are added, what would
be the new average?

(a)10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (c)14 (e) 15

6) The average of Akib’s mark in six subjects is 84. If his average in five subjects excluding
mathematics is 82, how many marks he obtained in science?
(a)82 (b)84 (c)94 (d)92 (e) 95

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While solving problems related to age, we should remember the following points:
● Difference between the ages remains constant. [If M’s age, m=10, N’s age ,n=1, (n-m=5)
; after 10 years M’s age will be 20 and N’s age will be 25, but their difference will still be the
same (25-20=5)
● The ratio of the ages doesn’t remain the same with time. [If M’s age is 10 and N’s age is
20; N is twice as old as M (n=2m); but after 10 years, M becomes 20 and N becomes 30, in
this case N is not twice as old as M.]

Exercises:
7. Niloy is twice as old as Samiul, who is three years older than Shoummo. If Niloy’s age is five times
Shoummo’s age, how old in years is Samiul?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 8 e. 10

8. Ten years ago, Ratul was twice as old as Maria. If the ratio of Maria’s age to Ratul’s age is 3:4 now,
then what is the sum of their ages (in years) now?
a. 30 b. 35 c. 40 d. 45 e. 50

9. Ten years ago, Sarin was 1/3rd as old as Karin. If Sarin is 18 years old now, how old is Karin now?
(A) 20 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 54 (e) 72

10. A mother is thrice as old as her son. If 10 years ago, the age of the mother was 5 times the age of the
son, what is the present age of the mother?
(a)20 (b)32 (c)60 (d)56 (e) 36

Ratio is a way to show the comparison between two quantities using division, i.e. (x:y = x/y)
A ratio shows how many times a number, is another number.
The ratio rule
Let find the ratio between 16 and 24.
16:24 = 16/24 = 2/3
16 2×8
Here, 24 = 3×8 = 2: 3 ; i.e.,
That is we cut off 8 from both sides to bring it in its least form. So, if we have the ratio given, and
we need to find out the actual values, we will multiply the actual values with an unknown variable
‘x’. (2x and 3x in this case)

11. If a: b is 4: 5 and b: c is 2: 3. Find a: b: c

(a) 4:10:3 (b) 8:10:15 (c) 4:5:6 (d) 4:3:3
12. A: B: C is in the ratio of 2: 3: 5. How much money will A get out of 1260 taka?
(a) 126 (b) 242 (c) 252 (d) 610
13. The ratio of 1/4 to 3/5 is
(A) 1 to 3 (B) 3 to 20 (C) 5 to 12 (D) 3 to 4 (E) 5 to 4

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 14. A jar contains 10 pencils. Some sharpened and some unsharpened. Each of the following
could be the ratio of sharpened to unsharpened pencils except:
(A) 9:1 (B) 5:1 (C) 4:1 (D) 3:2 (E) 1:1
15. . In a mixture 60 litres, the ratio of milk and water 2:1. If the this ratio is to be 1:2, then
the quantity of water to be further added is:
a. 60 b. 30 c. 40 d. 20 e. None of these

16. The ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls at Mentors’ is 5:4. If total number
of students at Mentors’ at present is 72, how many girls should join to make the ratio
1:2?
a. 100 b. 96 c. 48 d. 210 e. None of these

1. Given that (p + 7q) / 4p = 19 / 20, what is the ratio q: p?

(A) 2:7(b) 5:7 (c) 2:5 (d) 1:3

2. A: B is 1: 2; B: C is 3: 2 and C: D is 1:3. Find A: B: C: D.

(A) 6:15:10:30 (b) 1:3:2:3 (c) 1:6:2:3 (d) 2:4:6:9

3. Tk 4800 are distributed among A, B, and C. The share of "A" is the twice the share of B, and
the share of B is the 1/2 of the share of C. Find the difference between the share of A and B.
(b) 2400 (b) 1200 (c) 0 (d) 3600

4. The average of 5 numbers is 40. If 2 more numbers, with an average of 21, are added to these
numbers, what will be the average of the combined 7 numbers?
(A) 8.7 (B) 30.1 (C) 30. (D) 34.6

5. If the average of 5, 9, k, and m is 12, what is the average of k + 7 and m - 3?

(A) 14 (B) 17 (C) 19 (D) 21

6. Today Jim is twice as old as Fred and Sam is 2 years younger than Fred. Four years ago, Jim
was 4 times as old as Sam. How old is Jim now?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 20

7. A woman was thirty years old when her daughter was born. Her age is now 6 years more than
three times her daughter’s age. How old will be the daughter in 5 years?
(A) 19 (B) 18 (C) 17 (D) 15

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8. A bag contains 275 taka in the form of Tk. 5, Tk. 10, and Tk. 20 coins. The number of coins is
in the ratio 3:2:1. So, find the number of 5 Rupees coins.
(a) 75 (b) 15 (c) 10 (d) 20

9. The ratio of the ages of Meena and Raju is 4:2. If the sum of their ages is 12 years, find the
ratio of their ages after 8 years.

(a) 16:22 (b) 4:3 (c) 8:4 (d) 12:10

10. Age of a sister is half her elder brother, when her brother’s age was 10. Now the brother’s
age is 50. What is the present age of the sister?
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (d)45

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Exercises:

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c)
13. (c) 14. (e) 15. (a) 1 6. (c)

Short quiz:

1.(c) 2.(a) 3.(b) 4.(d) 5.(b) 6.(c) 7.(b) 8.(a) 9.(b) 10.(b)

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