Formation of Earth (Hinenglish)
1. Shuruaat: Gas aur Dust ka Cloud (Nebular Hypothesis)
Lagbhag 4.6 billion saal pehle, ek solar nebula tha-gas aur dust ka ek bada cloud.
- Iska Composition: Zyada tar hydrogen aur helium, aur thoda sa carbon, oxygen, silicon aur iron.
- Supernova Explosion: Ek paas ke supernova (dying star ka blast) ne is nebula ko disturb kiya, jisse
ye collapse hone laga.
- Gravity ka Kamal: Gas aur dust gravity ki wajah se ek center ki taraf khinchne lage.
2. Sun Ka Janm
- Nebula ke center mein temperature aur pressure itna badh gaya ki nuclear fusion shuru ho gayi.
- Hydrogen ke atoms milke helium banane lage, aur energy release hone lagi.
- Isi tarah Sun ka janm hua!
3. Planetesimals Ka Banna (Baby Planets)
- Sun ke aas-paas jo leftover gas aur dust particles bache, woh collide karne lage.
- Chhoti Clumps: Static electricity ki wajah se chhoti clumps bani.
- Gravity se Growth: Ye chhoti clumps gravity ke zariye bade objects mein badalne lagi, jise hum
planetesimals bolte hain.
4. Earth Ka Banna (Formation of Proto-Earth)
- Sun ke paas, zyada garmi hone ki wajah se sirf heavy materials (rocks aur metals) bache.
- Ye heavy materials collide karke ek larger body banane lage-proto-Earth.
5. Moon Ka Janm: The Giant Impact Hypothesis
- 4.5 billion saal pehle, ek Mars-size ka planet (Theia) Earth se takraya.
- Collision ke Results:
- Earth aur Theia dono melt ho gaye.
- Collision ka debris space mein chala gaya, jo gravity ki wajah se clump hoke Moon bana.
6. Molten Earth: Hadean Era
- Early Earth ek molten lava ball thi, jo bahut garmi se bhari thi.
- Garmi ke reasons:
- Collisions ki energy.
- Radioactive elements ka decay.
- Theia collision ka heat.
7. Earth ke Layers Ka Banna
- Cooling hone ke baad heavy materials (iron aur nickel) sink hoke core ban gaye.
- Light materials surface pe aaye aur crust aur mantle banaya.
8. Oceans Aur Atmosphere Ka Banna
- Volcanoes ne gases (carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor) release kiya, jisse primitive
atmosphere bani.
- Water vapor cool hoke condense hua aur pehla ocean bana.
9. Zindagi Ka Shuru Hona
- 3.8 billion saal pehle, oceans mein simple organisms (cyanobacteria) bane.
- Cyanobacteria ne photosynthesis kiya aur oxygen release karna shuru kiya.
10. Earth Ka Shape Aur Evolution
- Plate tectonics (Earth ke crust ke plates) move hone lage, jisse mountains aur continents bane.
- Erosion (wind, water, ice) ne Earth ka surface shape kiya.
11. Modern Earth (Aaj Ki Earth)
- Oxygen-rich atmosphere, liquid water aur stable continents ke saath, Earth ek life-supporting
planet ban gaya.
Timeline of Events
1. 4.6 billion saal pehle: Solar system ka formation.
2. 4.5 billion saal pehle: Earth aur Moon ka janm.
3. 4.2 billion saal pehle: Oceans bane.
4. 3.8 billion saal pehle: Zindagi shuru hui.
5. 500 million saal pehle: Complex life aayi.
