LAB 1: Cables in Networking
In computer networks, cables play a critical role in connecting devices and
enabling data communication. Two commonly used types of Ethernet cables are
Straight Through Cable and Crossover Cable. These cables differ in how their
internal wires are arranged and are used for different purposes.
1. Straight Through Cable
● Definition: A type of Ethernet cable where the wiring order on one
connector (e.g., RJ45) matches exactly with the wiring order on the other
connector.
● Purpose:
○ Connect different types of devices (e.g., PC to Switch, Switch to
Router).
○ Suitable for devices that internally handle signal crossing.
● Wiring Standard: Follows the same standard on both ends (e.g., T568A
or T568B).
● Pinout:
○ Pin 1 connects to Pin 1, Pin 2 to Pin 2, and so on.
Diagram:
2. Crossover Cable
● Definition: A type of Ethernet cable where the transmit and receive wires
are swapped on opposite ends of the cable.
● Purpose:
○ Directly connect similar devices (e.g., PC to PC, Switch to Switch,
Router to Router) without an intermediary device.
○ Used for older devices without Auto-MDI/MDIX support (modern
devices typically auto-detect and adjust signal crossing).
● Wiring Standard: One end uses T568A, and the other uses T568B.
Pinout:
Key Differences:
Feature Straight Through Cable Crossover Cable
Wiring Standard Same on both ends (e.g., Different standards (T568A/B)
T568B)
Use Case Different devices Similar devices (PC-PC)
(PC-Switch)
Modern Commonly used Rarely used (due to
Relevance Auto-MDI/MDIX)
LAB 2: Terminal Commands
1. "ping"
The ping command is used to test connectivity to a host and measure
RTT.
Example Usage:
On State:
Off State:
2. "ipconfig”
The ipconfig command in windows displays network interface details. Its
linux equivalent are ip addr show or ifconfig
Example Usage:
3. "pathping"
The pathping command traces route and measures packet loss. It’s linux
equivalent are mtr or combination of traceroute + ping.
Example Usage:
4. "getmac"
The getmac command displays MAC addresses of interfaces. It’s linux
equivalent is ‘ip link show”
Example Usage:
5. "netstat"
The netstat command shows active connections and network stats.
Example Usage:
5. "nslookup"
The nslookup command queries DNS servers for domain/IP info.
Example Usage:
LAB 3: Single Network Router Setup [SEP 3]
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
LAB 4: Duo Network Router Setups [SEP 4]
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8:
LAB 6: DHCP Server Setup [SEP 8]
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4: Continue Same for all other devices
LAB 7: DNS Server Setup [SEP 9]
Step 1: Setup normal single router network like from LAB 3.
Step 2: Add a Server to router
Step 3: Configure DNS Service and Add A Records
Step 4: Setup HTTP Server
Step 5: Browse the web from client computer
LAB: 9 Email Server
Step 1: Simple Network Setup
Step 2: Add a Server
Step 3:Configure EMAIL service and create two users
Step 4: Login user1
Step 5: Login user2
Step 6: Compose and send email from user2 to user1
Step 7: Receive email
LAB: 10 Configure FTP server
Step 1: Simple Network setup from LAB 3
Step 2: Add a server
Step 3:
Step 4:
