Lab 1:
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DML command
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1> create database
create db database_name.
2) use database
use database_name;
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3) create table
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4)ALTER TABLE:(add column)
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ALTER table student
ADD saddress varchar(25);
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5) Drop column
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ALTER table student
DROP COLUMN saddress;
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5)Insert record into table
LAB 2
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INSERT
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a) INSERT [into] <table> values (val1, val2, val3.....)
*All column values
insert into student values(1,'chakra', 'B', '[email protected]', '98345')
*Selected column values
b) insert into studenet(sid,name)values('5', 'Rawal')
*without into
*inset<tn> vlues()*
insert student values(5,'Rawal', 'd', '@yahoo',24455)
UPDATE
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a) to update specific rows
UPDATE <table name>
SET <colName1>=value1, <col2 name>=value2
WHERE ()
UPDATE student SET sid=5 WHERE contact=98345
****
UPDATE student1
SET sname ='Ramesh', age=25
WHERE sno=2;
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b)IS NULL
UPDATE student SET section='c' WHERE section IS NULL
c) all row update
UPDATE student SET eaddress='
[email protected]'
UPDATE student SET eaddress='
[email protected]'
DELETE
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a)specific row
delete form <tbl_name> where (condition)
DELETE FROM student WHRE section='b'
DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE section='b'
IS NULL
******
DELETE FROM student WHERE contact IS NULL
DELETE ALL
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DELETE FROM student
DQL or DRL
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Data query Language:
*SELECT
-Retrive Data
SELECT *from <table_name>
SELECT <column_names> FROM <table_name> WHERE (condition)
SLECT sid, sname FROM student
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retrieve data
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-projection: without condition ***single
-selection : With condition ***single table
-joins : to retrive data from multiple table
a) ANSI Format with on key word join condition
-inner join
-outer join
left/right/full outer
-Natural join
-Cross join
***
LAB 3
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Create Table
*Studenet with--->s_id, email, courseId
and
*Course with--->courseId, c_name, c_fee
*same column in both table is courseId
use inner join
--retrieve common column
>select *<columns> from <tb> join <tb> on joining
>select *from student INNER JOIN course
ON student.courseId=couse.courseId
for retrieve same(matching) data
Outer join **matched and unmatched
*left outer join
>select *from student s LEFT OUTER JOIN
course c ON s.courseId=c.courseId
Right outer join
> select *from student s RIGHT OUTER JOIN
course c ON s.courseId=c.courseId
Full outer join
>select *from student s FULL OUTER JOIN
course c ON s.courseId=c.courseId
CROSS Join
>SELECT *from student CROSS JOIN course
*
NATURAL JOIN
*******
-basically not supported sql server
-avoid duplicate tuples//oracle supported
*** equi-join/equi-joins
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identity function /method
Identity (seed, increment) //auto increment value
**in perticular column
seed -> starting value
increment->
one table -> one identiy function
create table student( eid INT IDENTITY, ename varchar(20))
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SHELF JOIN
***
select *from empdetail where salary=11000
select *from empdetail where name ='ram'
Joining data itself
select *from student s, course c where s.courseId=c.courseId and s.name='ram'
LAB 3A
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Set operation:
**
-Combine select statement
-Union
-union all
-intersect
-except
*****
a) number of column in both select statement.
b) order of the column is same.
c) data type of the colmun must matched.
Create table emp1 and emp2
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Union
select *from emp1
UNION
SELECT *FROM emp2
*no duplicate values.
UNION ALL
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select *from emp1
UNION ALL
SELECT *FROM emp2
*duplicate value is also display
Except
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retrun all values from the left hand side table
which are not found in the right hand table
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select *from emp1 EXCEPT select *from emp2
Table Relationship
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- Key constraint
* primary key
* foreign key
*****
a) one table contain primary key and
another table contains foreign key
b) a common column in both tables
c) common column data type must be same in both talbes
****
1.Create table department.
2. create table employee
Create Deprtment table
with dep_no as primary key, dep_name, location)
create table department( dep_no int primary key,
d_name varchar(20), d_location varchar(20);
create a table employee
***********************************************************************
create table employee(e_id int, e_name varchar(20),
salary money, d_no int foreign key refrences department(d_no))
**select
select *from department
select *from employee
-select *from <tab1>,<tab2>
SELECT <...>
FROM<tab1>, <tab2>
WHERE .......
Cartesian product
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