d bin etc home opt tmp usr var
inux user/apps/shell/kernel/hardware
**********************************************************************
user/file file/Directory ls, cd pwd mkdir rm cp touch cat grep find tar Gzip
gunzip ZIP Chmod chown chgrp tail SORT AWK sed cut tr export search history
init useradd usermod userdel groupadd groupmod groupdel su su-
top(-o mem) kill ifconfig ping ssh scp Wget curl diff Head chroot file hexdump wc
tee script keys
which whereis locate date cal start/stop/restart services shutdown ps crontab at
nohup bg fg apropos info alias uname df du mount In
find ./ - type f -name "*.txt" -exec grep "geek" {} \;
grep
awk
sed
***********************************************************************************
************************
ls -a, ls -l cd .. pwd mkdir -p, rm -rf, touch, cp -r, open ., find . -name ,
find . -type d(directory), f(file), l(symbolic), -name case sensitive -iname case
insensitive
ln -s gzip -c, gzip-k, -r, -k, gunzip, tar -cf, -xf, -czf, cat -
n, -b, -s, less, tail -f, -n, wc -l, -c, -w, -m, grep -n -v -i, sort uniq, diff -u
-rq,echo
chown -R -normal file d directory, l link, a u g o, du *, du -m,
-g, -h df -h basename, dirname, ps ax,
***********************************************************************************
*************************
Shebang
permissions and execution
Read input from user
Command Substitution
Arguments passing
Arimetic operations (())
Conditions [[]]
Loops if elif
for while until break and continue
Functions Funtions with return values
Arrays
Variable
dictionaries
Set options
***********************************************************************************
************************************
************************************************System*****************************
************************************
booting basic input and output system
Master boot record partitions master boot record( IPL, SBL, PTI)
GRUB
kernel
init level
Run level
LVM
Raid mirrioring stripping parity
mem and swap
software management
backup and restore
admin remote system ssh
remote storage
************************************************users******************************
******************************************
user /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, .bash_profile, .bash.output, .bashrc, password aging
policies
- regular file, d - directory file, c - character file, b - block
device file, s - socket file, p - pipe file, l - linked file
*************************************************files*****************************
*********************************************
file attributes Indode number
File name
data block
Journaling :- crashes is less
************************************************service****************************
***********************************************
services
Deamon is a running in the background
systemd is a partent process
service and chkconfig two commands for checking the services
************************************************Process****************************
***********************************************
process
A process is a set of instructions which executes in the memory.
interactive process, system process or deamon, Automatic Process(at and cron)
((Job automation cron particular time, at only once))
signal
ps vs top
server performance
samba server wed server mail server mysql server log sever
Virtualization, Red hat cluster, kickstart installation
*************************************************Network***************************
***************************************************
network
NIC
media
topology
protocol
IP addresses
IP tables and firewalls
TCP(connection oriented, reliable, slow, 6
4 ways to protect the network
Selinux enabled and disabled
IP Tables
FirewallID
TCP wrappers
ftp file transfer protocol
nfs network file system
ntp network time protocol
dns domain name system
dhcp dynamic host configuration protocol
● ping: Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
● netstat: Print network connections, routing tables, statistics, etc.
● ifconfig: Display or modify network interfaces.
● ssh: OpenSSH client (remote login program).
● scp: Securely copy files between hosts.
● curl: Transfer data from or to a server.
● wget: Retrieve files using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP.
● dig: Query DNS name servers.
● traceroute: Display the route packets take to a network host.
***********************************************************************************
******************************
Print given arguments.
Print working directory.
Change directory.
List directory contents.
Concatenate and display file content.
Display manual pages.
Exit the shell.
Clear the terminal screen.
Display command history.
Create an empty file.
Copy files or directories.
Move/rename files or directories.
Remove files or directories.
Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
Search text using patterns.
Output the first part of files.
Output the last part of files.
Compare files line by line.
Change file permissions.
Change file owner and group.
Sort lines in text files.
Remove sections from each line of files.
Text processing language.
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
Print newline, word, and byte counts for files.
Archive files.
Compress files.
Decompress files.
Package and compress files.
Extract compressed files in ZIP format.
APT package handling utility (Debian).
Package manager (RedHat, CentOS).
Next-generation package manager (Fedora).Package manager (Arch Linux).
Change group ownership.
Change file owner and group.
Set default permissions.
Execute a command as another user.
Change user ID or become a superuser.
Display user identity.
Display current processes.
Display dynamic real-time process viewer.
Send a signal to a process.
Put processes in the background.
Bring processes to the foreground.
Report filesystem disk space usage.
Estimate file and directory space usage.
Display memory usage.
Show system uptime.
Show who is logged on and what they're doing.
Display who's on the machine.
List open files.
Manipulate disk partition table.
Create filesystem.
Mount a filesystem.
Unmount a filesystem.
***********************************************************************************
****
