Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 1

wkÿK wbeÜb cÖ¯‘wZ

Lec:01, Topics: msL¨v msµvšÍ mgm¨v
Avh©fÆt (476 wLª÷vã – 550 wLª÷vã) cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi me‡P‡q weL¨vZ MwYZwe`‡`i g‡a¨ GK Rb| Zvui bv‡g
fvi‡Zi cÖ_g K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni bvg Avh©fÆ ivLv nq|
 AsK (Digit)t MwY‡Z AsK ej‡Z 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 GB `kwU cÖZxK ev wPý‡K eySvq| A_©vr
AsK †gvU `kwU |
 AsK `yB cÖKvi-
1| ¯^v_©K A¼ (Significant Digit)
2| mnvqK A¼ (Helping Digit/Insignificant Digit)
¯^v_©K A¼t ‡gvU 9wU| h_vt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9|mnvqK A¼t 1wU| h_vt 0|
 0 (k~Y¨) msµvšÍ Z_¨t
1| k~Y¨ GKwU AFYvZ¥K ev¯Íe c~Y© msL¨v|
2| k~Y¨ Gi Avwe®‹viK eªþ¸ß| wZwb GKRb fviZxq MwYZwe` I ‡R¨vwZ©weÁvbx wQ‡jb| wKš‘ k~Y¨‡K
ciewZ©‡Z e¨vcKfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib eªþ¸‡ßi wkl¨ fviZxq MwYZwe` Avh©¨fÆ| Avh©¨fÆ `kwgK msL¨vi
cÖPjb K‡ib| D‡jøL¨, cvwUMwY‡Zi RbK eªþ¸ß|
3| k~‡b¨i wbR¯^ †Kvb ¯’vbxq gvb †bB| Dnv †Kej A‡¼i Wv‡b e‡m gvb e„w× K‡i| †hgbt 5 Gi c‡i k~b¨
w`‡j n‡e 50|
msL¨v (Nunber)t A¼ ‡_‡K msL¨vi DrcwË nq| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK AsK Øviv msL¨v MwVZ nq| †hgbt 786|

 msL¨vq cÖKvk/ MVb t

1| `yB ev ZZvwaK AsK Øviv msL¨v MwVZ nq| †hgbt 420| GLv‡b, 4,2 Ges 0 n‡jv A¼|
2| A‡¼i mv‡_ c`vwkÖZ wb‡`©kK (Article) hy³ n‡q msL¨v MwVZ nq|
†hgbt 5wU| GLv‡b, 5 A¼ Ges wU c`vwkÖZ wb‡`©kK (Article)|
 ev¯Íe msL¨v Kx?
‡h mKj msL¨v‡K msL¨v †iLvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq Ges eM©g~j Kiv hvq Zv‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v e‡j| A_©vr mKj g~j` Ges
Ag~j` msL¨vq ev¯Íe msL¨v| ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K R Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| ‡hgbt 0, 1, 2, 3, ........
, ............

 ev¯Íe msL¨v `yB cÖKvi-

1| g~j` msL¨v (Rational Number)2| Ag~j` msL¨v (Irrational Number)
g~j` msL¨vt ‡h mKj msL¨v‡K p/qAvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq †hLv‡b p > 1 Ges q 0 (p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v)|
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 2
* k~Y¨, ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, cÖK…Z I AcÖK…Z fMœvsk mK‡jB g~j` msL¨v|
* `kwg‡Ki c‡ii Ni¸wj hw` mmxg nq Z‡e msL¨vwU g~j`| ‡hgb:
* mKj †cŠYtcywbK msL¨v g~j`| ‡hgb: 0.333 = 0.
Ag~j` msL¨v:g~j` msL¨v Qvov evKx mKj msL¨vB Ag~j` msL¨v|
* c~Y© eM© bq Ggb †h †Kvb ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j Ag~j` msL¨v| †hgb: BZ¨vw`|
* `kwg‡Ki c‡ii Ni¸‡jv hw` wfbœ wfbœ AvKv‡i Amxg nq, Z‡e msL¨vwU Ag~j` nq|
‡hgb: (cvB)= (cÖvq) = 3.1416..........

GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| Z‡e ïay GKwU g~j` msL¨v|

†gŠwjK msL¨v
1 †_‡K 100 ch©šÍ ‡gŠwjK msL¨vt
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71,73,79, 83, 89, 97
100 †_‡K 200 ch©šÍ ‡gŠwjK msL¨vt
101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193,
197, 199
1 †_‡K 100 ch©šÍ †gŠwjK w؇RvUt (3,5),(5,7),(11,13),(17,19), (29,31),(41,43),(59,61) ,(71,73)
101 †_‡K 200 ch©šÍ †gŠwjK w؇RvUt
(101, 103),( 107, 109),( 137, 139),( 149, 151), (179, 181), (191, 193), (197, 199)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ
01| c„w_ex‡Z †gvU KZwU AsK Av‡Q ?
(K) 5 wU (L) 6 wU (M) 10 wU (N) 09 wU DËit 10 wU|
02| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡gŠwjK msL¨v?
(K) 72 (L) 36 (M) 87 (N) 31 DËit (N) 31
03| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡gŠwjK msL¨v?
(K) 143 (L) 91 (M) 47 (N) 87 DËit (M) 47
04| 1 n‡Z 31 ch©š— KqwU †gŠwjK msL¨v Av‡Q ?
mgvavb t 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31= 11 wU|
05| wZbwU µwgK msL¨vi ¸Ydj 60 n‡j Zv‡`i †hvMdj KZ n‡e ?
mgvavb t 60 Gi ¸YbxqK mg~nt 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60|
GLv‡b, 3, 4, 5 Gi ¸Ydj = 34  5 = 60 Zv‡`i †hvMdj= 3+4 + 5 = 12
gyL¯’ Kiyb: 120 = 4  5  6 , 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
210 = 567 , 5+6 +7 = 18
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 3
06| `ywU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i Aš—i 199 n‡j, eo msL¨vwUZ KZ?
DËit eo msL¨vwU =  eo msL¨vwU = 100
07| GKwU msL¨v 301 n‡Z hZ eo 381 n‡Z ZZ †QvU| msL¨vwU KZ? DËit 341
08| GKwU msL¨vi wZb ¸‡Yi mv‡_ wظY †hvM Ki‡j 90 nq| msL¨vwU KZ? DËit msL¨vwU 18
09| GKwU msL¨vi A‡a©K Zvi GK Z…Zxqvs‡ki PvB‡Z 17 †ewk| msL¨vwU KZ?
mgvavb t g‡bKwi, msL¨vwU = x
cÖkgœ ‡Z, ev, ev, x = 102 wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU 102
10| `ywU msL¨vi A‡a©‡Ki †hvMdj 40| Zv‡`i cv_©‡K¨i GK PZz_©vsk 18| †QvU msL¨vwU KZ?
mgvavb t g‡b Kwi, msL¨v `ywU x Ges y (x > y)
cÖkœg‡Z, Ges wb‡Y©q †QvU msL¨vwU 4

11| 0, 1, 2 Ges 3 Øviv MwVZ Pvi A‡¼i e„nIg Ges ÿz`ªZg msL¨vi we‡qvMdj ?
mgvavbt 0, 1, 2, Ges 3 Øviv MwVZ Pvi A‡¼i e„nIg msL¨v= 3210 Ges ÿzz`ªZg msL¨v=1203
3210 - 1023 = 2187
12| 40 †_‡K 100 ch©š— e„nIg Ges ÿz`ªZg msL¨vi cv_©K¨ KZ ? (cÖv.mn.wk wb‡qvM-2020, 2q ch©vq)
DËi: 56
13| cuvP A‡¼i ÿz`ªZg msL¨v Ges Pvi A‡¼i e„nËg msL¨vi Aš—i KZ?
mgvavb t cuvP A‡¼i ÿz`ªZg msL¨v= 10000
Pvi A‡¼i e„nËg msL¨v= 9999
AšÍi/cv_©K¨ = (10000 - 9999) = 1|
14| `ywU msL¨vi eM©g~‡ji mv‡_ 20 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 5 Gi eM© n‡e ? (cÖv. mn. wk. wb‡qvM-2020)
cÖkœg‡Z, wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU 25
1 2
15| †Kvb msL¨vi 2 As‡ki mv‡_ 6 †hvM Ki‡j msL¨vwUi 3 Ask n‡e, msL¨vwU KZ? DËi: 36
16| `yB AsK wewkó GKwU msL¨vi AsK؇qi mgwó 9| msL¨vwU n‡Z 9 we‡qvM Ki‡j Zv AsKØq ¯’vb
wewbgq K‡i| msL¨vwU KZ?
(K) 63 (L) 54 (M) 72 (N) 81 DËi: L
17| `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 9| A¼Øq ci¯ci ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv
cÖ`Ë msL¨v n‡Z 27 ‡ekx| msL¨vwU KZ ? (cÖv. mn. wk¶K wb‡qvM-2020,Z…Zxq ch©vq)
(K) 63 (L) 27 (M) 72 (N) 36 DËi: N
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 4
18| ‡Kvb GKwU ¯‹y‡ji wk¶K-wkw¶Kv‡`i g‡a¨ 2/3 Ask gwnjv, cyi”l wk¶K‡`i 12 Rb AweevwnZ Ges
3/5 Ask weevwnZ| H ¯‹y‡ji wk¶K-wkw¶Kvi msL¨v KZ? (cÖv. mn. wk¶K wb‡qvM-2019, 1ম ch©vq)
19| `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 9 Ges A¼ `ywU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h byZb msL¨vwU
cvIqv hvq, Zv g~j msL¨vi 5/6 ¸b, g~j msL¨vwU KZ?
20| 6 dzU Aš—i e„‡¶i Pviv †ivcb Kiv n‡j 100 MR `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 9 Ges A¼
`ywU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h byZb msL¨vwU cvIqv hvq, Zv g~j msL¨vi 5/6 ¸b, g~j msL¨vwU KZ?
21| `yB AsK wewkó GKwU msL¨v, AsK؇qi ¯’vb wewbg‡qi d‡j 54 e„w× cvq| AsK `yBwUi †hvMdj 12
n‡j msL¨vwU KZ? (37 Zg wewmGm wcÖ.wj.)
K. 57 L. 75 M. 39 N. 93 D: M
e¨vL¨v: awi, GKK ¯’vbxq AsKwU x , `kK ¯’vbxq AsKwU (12 – x)
 msL¨vwU = 10 (12 – x) + x = 120 – 10x + x = 120 – 9x
AsKØq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j MwVZ msL¨v = 10x + 12 – x = 9x 12
kZ©g‡Z, 9x + 12 – (120 – 9x) = 54 , ev, 9x + 12 – 120 + 9x = 54
ev, 18x = 162 x = 9 myZivs msL¨vwU = 120 – (9  9)
22| 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7 msL¨v¸‡jv ‡_‡K 3 A‡¼i KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb Kiv hv‡e? [cÖv. mn. wk. wb.-2020]
e¨vL¨v: 3 A¼ wewkó msL¨v n‡e = 3×3×3= 27,
wKš‘ 5,6,7 `yBevi K‡i _vKvq 555,666,777 GB 3 wU msL¨v ev` hv‡e|

Lec:02, Topics: aŸwb, eY© I aŸwb cwieZ©b

 Phonology A_© aŸwb weÁvb| Phonme A_© n‡jv aŸwbg~j| fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb aŸwb| k‡ãi †gŠwjK
As‡ki bvg aŸwb| ¯^iaŸwb †`¨vZK mv‡¼wZK wPý‡K ¯^ieY©| aŸwb e¨vKi‡Yi aŸwbZ‡Ë¡ Av‡jvwPZ nq|
 ‡h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Y evavcÖvß nq bv Zv‡K ¯^iaŸwb (A, Av, B, C)| evavcÖvß n‡j e¨ÄbaŸwb (K, L, M, N)|
 ZvobRvZ aŸwb- o, p| cvwk¦©K aŸwb- j| m¤§yL ¯^iaŸwb KZwU- 3wU| B, G, A¨v|
 ‡hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb‡K w`¯^i ev mwܯ^i ev †hŠwMK ¯^i e‡j| e¨Äb aŸwb D”Pvi‡Y AvMgb N‡U ¯^iaŸwbi|
 GK ev GKvwaK aŸwbi wgj‡b ˆZwi nq kã| ÔGÕ aŸwbi wee„Z D”PviY †Kej k‡ãi Avw`‡Z cvIqv hvq|
 evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK aŸwb 37 wU (†gŠwjK ¯^iaŸwb 7 wU, †gŠwjK e¨Äb aŸwb 30 wU)|
AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY aŸwb
 ‡h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Y wbtk¦vm Aí AvKv‡i ms‡hvwRZ nq Zv‡K ejv nq- AícÖvY aŸwb|
 e‡M©i 1g+3q+5g (K+M+O) aŸwb‡K ejv nq- AícÖvY aŸwb |
 ‡h aŸwb D”Pvi‡b wbtk¦vm †Rv‡i ms‡hvwRZ nq Zv‡K ejv nq- gnvcÖvY aŸwb|
 e‡M©i 2q+4_© (L+N) aŸwb‡K ejv nq- gnvcÖvY aŸwb |
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 5
 A‡Nvl AícÖvY †`¨vwZZ aŸwb eY©- wZbwU (k, l, m)| ‡Nvl gnvcÖvY aŸwb- n|
A‡Nvl I †Nvl aŸwb
 K-g ch©šÍ cuwPkwU e¨Äb aŸwb‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- A‡Nvl aŸwb I †Nvl aŸwb|
 ‡h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwYZ nq bv Zv‡K ejv nq- A‡Nvl aŸwb|
 ‡h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwYZ nq Zv‡K ejv nq- †Nvl aŸwb|  e‡M©i (1g+2q) aŸwb‡K ejv nq-
A‡Nvl aŸwb| e‡M©i 3q+4_©+5g aŸwb‡K ejv nq- †Nvl aŸwb|
 cðvr ¯^iaŸwb 3wU| E, I, A| aŸwb Drcv`‡bi g~j DcKiY wRnŸv I Iô| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ ¯^iaŸwb bq F|
 evsjvq GKvÿi k‡ãi ÔIÕ Kvi `xN© nq| Aviwe I dvwm© fvlv †_‡K AvMZ aŸwbi D”PviY `xN© nq|
 k‡ã Ae¯’vb‡f‡` ÔAÕ `yBcÖKvi| ¯^vaxb, wejxb| ÔAÕ aŸwbi 2 iKg D”PviY cvIqv hvq| wee„Z, mse„Z|
 c‡`i A‡šÍ ÔGÕ aŸwbi D”PviY mse„Z| LuvwU evsjv k‡ã ÔGÕ G D”PviY wee„Z|
 Aby¯^i I P›`ªwe›`yhy³ aŸwbi Av‡Mi ÔGÕ Gi D”PviY wee„Z|
 gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB evsjv g~j ¯^iaŸwbi ZvwjKvq †h bZzb g~j aŸwbwU cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb †mwU G¨v|
D”PviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx e¨vÄbwewa
e¨ÄbeY©mg~n D”PviY ¯’vb D”PviY ¯’vb Abyhvqx bvg
K, L, M, N, O wRnŸvg~j Kɨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY©
P, Q, R, S, T, k, l, q AMÖZvjy Zvje¨ eY©
U, V, W, X, Y, h, i, o, p cðvr `šÍg~j g~a©b¨ ev cðvr `šÍg~jxq eY©
Z, _, `, a, b, j, m AMÖ `šÍg~j `šÍ¨ eY©
c, d, e, f, g Iô¨ Iô¨ eY©
eY©
 aŸwbi wjwLZ iƒc ev mvs‡KwZK wPý‡K ejv nq eY©| k‡ãi ÿz`ªZg Ask‡K ejv nq- eY©|
 ¯^iaŸwb †`¨vZK mvs‡KwZK wPý‡K ejv nq- ¯^ieY©|
 ¯^ie‡Y©i mswÿß iƒc‡K ejv nq Kvi| e¨Äbe‡Y©i mswÿß iƒc‡K ejv nq djv|
 evsjv eY©gvjvq †gvU eY©- 50wU| evsjv eY©gvjvq ¯^ieY©- 11wU Ges e¨ÄbeY© - 39wU|
 evsjv e¨Äbe‡Y©i `xN©¯^i- 7wU (Av, C, E, G, H, I J)| evsjv ¯^ie‡Y©i n«¯^¯^i- 4wU (A, B, D, F)|
 cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e Z- Gi LÛiƒc- r (LÛ-Z)| GwU ÔZÕ e‡Y©i nm&-wPý hy³ iƒc‡f‡`|
 bvwmK¨ eb©¸‡jvi Ab¨ bvg AvbybvwmK ev mvbybvwmK| K †_‡K g ch©šÍ 25wU eY©‡K ¯úk© eY© e‡j |
 djvhy³ eY©- 6wU (b, g, h, e, j, i)| A‡Nvl n aŸwbi eY©iƒct (wemM©)|
 ‡hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb‡K ejv nq wد^i ev mwܯ^i ev †hŠwMK ¯^i|
 e¨Äb aŸwb D”Pvi‡Y Avewk¨Kfv‡eB AvMgU N‡U ¯^iaŸwbi| civkªxq eY© KqwU- 3wU| s, t, u|
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 6
 evsjv e¨vKi‡Y Kvi 10wU| ÔAšÍt¯’-eÕ Gi Aw¯ÍË¡ †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq djvq|

e‡Y©i wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨

eY© cwiPq eY© cwiPq
A wbjxb eY©/mswÿß iƒc †bB n †Nvl aŸwb/ KÉRvZ D®§ †NvleY©
K-g ¯úk© aŸwb o, p ZvobRvZ aŸwb
O, T, Y, b, g bvwmK¨ eY© s, t civkªqx aŸwb
h, e, j, e AšÍt¯’ eY© s, O c„_K D”PviY †bB
k, l, m, n D¤§eY© j cvwk¦©K aŸwb
k, l, m wkk& aŸwb i K¤úbRvZ aŸwb

e‡Y©i gvÎv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨:

eY© msL¨v ¯^ieY© e¨ÄbeY©
c~Y©gvÎvi eY© 32 wU 6 26
Aa©gvÎvi eY© 8wU 1 7
gvÎvnxb eY© 10wU 4 6

aŸwb cwieZ©b
 g~j aŸwb D”Pvib bv K‡i weK…Z D”Pvib Kiv n‡j D”Pvi‡bi GB weK…wZ‡K aŸwbi cwieZ©b e‡j|
D”Pvi‡bi cwieZ©b nq wKš‘ A‡_©i cwieZ©b nq bv|
†hgbt wiKmv > wimKv | mvaviYZ k‡ãi wØZxq As‡k cwieZ©b nq| wKš‘ jxb Zvc > bxj Zvc|
 aŸwb cwieZ©b `yB cÖKvi| h_vt ¯^iaŸwbi cwieZ©b Ges e¨ÄbaŸwbi cwieZ©b|
¯^iaŸwbi cwieZ©b : k‡ã ¯^ieY© cwieZ©b n‡j ¯^iaŸwbi cwieZ©b| †hgbt Kvj > KvBj |
e¨Äb aŸwbi cwieZ©b: k‡ã e¨ÄbeY© cwieZ©b n‡j e¨ÄbaŸwbi cwieZ©b| †hgbt cuvPRb > cuv¾b|
01. ¯^ivMgt
1.Avw`¯^ivMg t Avw` D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y k‡ãi Avw`‡Z ¯^iaŸwbi AvMgb NU‡j
Zv‡K ejv nq Avw` ¯^ivMg| D`vniY: ¯¿x>B¯¿x |
2.ga¨ ¯^ivMg/¯^ifw³/wecÖKl©t D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ mshy³ e¨ÄbaŸwbi gvSLv‡b ¯^iaŸwbi AvMgb N‡U|
¯^iaŸwbi Giƒc ¯^ivMg‡K ejv nq ga¨ ¯^ivMg| D`vniY: MÖvg > †Mivg, wdj¥ > wdwjg|
3.AšÍ¨¯^ivMg t †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq k‡ãi †k‡l AwZwi³ ¯^iaŸwb Av‡m| Giƒc ¯^ivMg‡K ejv nq
AšÍ¨¯^ivMg| D`vniY: w`k&> w`kv, †cvL&Z > †cv³, †eÂ> †ewÂ, mZ¨ > mwZ¨, `yó > `yó|
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb 7
02. ¯^iv‡jvc/m¤cÖKl© t ¯^ivMg Gi wecixZ| `ªyZ D”Pvi‡bi Rb¨ k‡ãi Avw`, AšÍ¨ ev ga¨eZ©x †Kv‡bv
¯^iaŸwbi †jvc‡K ejv nq m¤cÖKl©| D`vniY: emwZ > em&wZ , Rvbvjv> Rvb&jv|
Avw`¯^i ‡jvc- Ajvey > jvey > jvD , ga¨¯^i ‡jvc-myeY© > ¯^Y©, AšÍ¨¯^i ‡jvc- AvwR > AvR
3. mgxfebt
kãga¨¯’ `ywU wfbœ aŸwb G‡K Aci‡ii cÖfv‡e Aíwe¯Ívi mgZv jvf K‡i| G welqwU‡K ejv nq mgxfeb|
mgxfeb wZb cÖKvi| hv_v: cÖMZ, civMZ, A‡b¨vb¨| D`vniY: cuvPRb > cuv¾b, Rb¥ > Rb¥| (†cÖg n‡e)
K.cÖMZ mgxfeb :
c~e© aŸwbi cÖfv‡e cieZ©x aŸwbi cwieZ©b NU‡j cieZ©x aŸwb c~e©eZ©x aŸwbi g‡Zv nq Zv‡K cÖMZ mgxfeb
e‡j | †hgb Ñ Pµ > PK&K, cK¡ > cK&K, cb¥> cÏ, jMœ> jM&M BZ¨vw`|
L.civMZ mgxfeb :
cieZ©x aŸwbi cÖfv‡e c~e©eZ©x aŸwbi cwieZ©b nq, G‡K e‡j civMZ mgxfeb |
†hgb Ñ Zr + Rb¨> Z¾b¨, Zr + wnZ > Zw×Z, Dr + gyL> Db¥yL DZ¨vw`|
M. A‡b¨vb¨t c~e© aŸwbi Ges cieZ©x aŸwbi `ywUB cwieZ©b N‡U| †hgb Ñ mZ¨> m”P, we`¨v > we¾v|
4. welgxfebt `ywU mgaŸwbi GKwU cwieZ©b nq A_©vr hLb `ywU Awfbœ ev GKB ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ aŸwbi g‡a¨
GKwU e`‡j hvq, ZLb Zv‡K welgxfeb e‡j| D`vniY: kixi > kixj, jvj > bvj , Avbvbm > Avbvim ,
Z‡ivqvi > Z‡ivqvj| (we‡”Q` n‡e)
5. AwcwbwnwZt c‡ii B-Kvi I D-Kvi Av‡M D”PvwiZ n‡j wKsev hy³ e¨Äb aŸwbi Av‡M B-Kvi ev D-Kvi
D”PvwiZ n‡j Zv‡K AwcwbwnZ e‡j| D`vniY: Kvj > KvBj, AvwR > AvBR, Pvwi > PvBi|
ga¨ ¯^ivMg AwcwbwnwZ
hy³ e¨Áb‡K †f‡O Zv‡`i wVK gvSLv‡b bZzb hy³ e¨Áb‡K bv †f‡O Zv‡`i wVK gvSLv‡b bZzb
K‡i ¯^i Avm‡e| K‡i ¯^i Avm‡e|
‡hgb: MÖvg > †Mivg, wdj¥ > wdwjg| ‡hgb: Kvj > KvBj, AvwR > AvBR|

6.AwfkªywZt wech©¯Í ¯^iaŸwb c~e©eZ©x ¯^iaŸwbi mv‡_ wg‡j †M‡j Z`bymv‡i cieZ©x ¯^iaŸwbi cwieZ©b NU‡j
Zv‡K e‡j AwfkÖywZ| D`vniY: ewjqv > eBj¨v > e‡j, Kwiqv > KBi¨v > K‡i| (mvay †_‡K PwjZ)
7. e¨ÄbwØZ ev wØZ¡ e¨Äb:
k‡ãi †Rvi †`qvi Rb¨ k‡ãi AšÍM©Z e¨Ä‡bi wØZ¡ D”PviY nq Zv‡K e¨ÄbwØZ| †hgbt cvKv> cv°v ,
mKvj> m°vj|
8. AmgxKiYt GKB ¯^‡ii/aŸwbi cybive„wË `~i Kivi Rb¨ gvSLv‡b hLb ¯^iaŸwb (Av) hy³ nq, ZLb Zv‡K
ejv nq AmgxKiY| D`vniY: ac + ac > acvac, Uc + Uc > UcvUc| kã‡K kÖæwZgayi Kivi Rb¨ nq
AmgxKiY |
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9.aŸwb wech©qt k‡ãi g‡a¨ ‡_‡K e¨vÄb cvk cwieZ©b K‡i A_©vr k‡ãi g‡a¨ `ywU e¨Ä‡bi ci¯úi ¯’vb
cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K aŸwb wech©q e‡j| D`vniY: jvd > dvj, wckvP > wcPvk, wiKmv > wimKv| (cvk
cwieZ©b/ev‡mi wmU cwieZ©b)
10.e¨ÄbP¨ywZ/e¨Äb‡jvct
`ywU mgaŸwbi GKwU P‡j hvq ev †jvc cvq | G cÖwµqvq kãga¨¯’ e¨ÄbaŸwb †jvc cvq| cÖvK…Z fvlvq G
cÖwµqvwU †ek mwµq wQj| D`vniY: eo `v`v > eo`v, eD w`w` > eDw`| (Gf `ywU GKwU P‡j hv‡e)
welgxfeb e¨ÄbP¨ywZ
`ywU mgaŸwbi GKwU cwieZ©b nq| `ywU mgaŸwbi GKwU P‡j hvq ev †jvc cvq |
D`vniY: kixi > kixj, jvj > bvj, Z‡ivqvi > D`vniY: wckvP > wcPvk, wiKmv > wimKv|
Z‡ivqvj |
11.e¨ÄbweK…wZt
k‡ãi g‡a¨ ‡_‡K e¨vÄb iæc cwiewZ©Z n‡q bZzb e¨ÄbaŸwb‡Z cwiYZ nq| G‡K ejv nq e¨vÄb weK…wZ|
D`vniY: KevU > KUvU, †avev > †avcv, avBgv > `vBgv| (Gf GKwU , GKwU P‡j †M‡j Av GKUv Avm‡e)
e¨ÄbweK…wZ aŸwb wech©q
k‡ãi g‡a¨ ‡_‡K e¨vÄb iæc cwiewZ©Z nq | k‡ãi g‡a¨ ‡_‡K e¨vÄb cvk cwieZ©b K‡i |
D`vniY: kixi > kixj, Z‡ivqvi > Z‡ivqvj | D`vniY: eo `v`v > eo`v, eD w`w` > eDw`|

12. i-Kvi †jvc : i Kvi †jvc cvq Ges cieZ©x e¨Äb wØZ¡ nq| †hgbt ZK© >Z° , Ki‡Z> K‡Ë,
gvij>gvjøœ |
e¨ÄbwØZ i-Kvi †jvc
k‡ãi †Rvi †`qvi Rb¨ k‡ãi AšÍM©Z e¨Ä‡bi i Kvi †jvc cvq Ges cieZ©x e¨Äb wØZ¡ nq |
wØZ¡ D”PviY nq|
D`vniY: cvKv> cv°v , mKvj> m°vj| D`vniY: ZK© >Z° , Ki‡Z> K‡Ë, gvij>gvjøœ
13. n- Kvi †jvc : AvaywbK PwjZ fvlvq A‡bK mgq `yB ¯^‡ii gvSvgvwS n Kv‡ii †jvc nq|
†hgbt Mvwnj> MvBj, Pv‡n> Pvq , Avjøvn& > Avjøvn& (ïay n Kvi †jvc) BZ¨vw`|
14. AšÍn©wZ : c‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv e¨ÄbaŸwb †jvc †c‡j Zv‡K e‡j AšÍn©wZ| webv Kvi‡Y A_©vr kyay †jvc
cvq| †hgbt dvêyb> dv¸b| D‡jø¨L¨ , hw` ¯^ieY© mn n-Kvi †jvc cvq Z‡e †mwU n-Kvi †jvc bv n‡q
AšÍn©wZ n‡e| †hgbt djvnvi>djvi, Avjvwn`v> Avjv`v| (ïay n Kvi †jvc cvqwb mv‡_ GKwU Av Kvi
†jvc †c‡q‡Q|)
AšÍn©wZ n-Kvi †jvc
c‡`i ga¨ †_‡K eY© †jvc/P‡j hvq | c‡`i ga¨ †_‡K n-Kvi †jvc/P‡j hvq|
D`: dvêyb> dv¸b, Avjvwn`v> Avjv`v| D`vniY: Mvwnj> MvBj, Avjøvn& > Avjøvn& |
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15. ¯^im½wZt GKwU ¯^iaŸwbi cÖfv‡e k‡ãi Aci ¯^‡ii cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv‡K ejv nq ¯^im½wZ|
†hgb: †`kx > w`wk, wejvwZ > wewjwZ, g~jv > g~‡jv|
K.cÖMZ : Avw`¯^i Abyhvqx AšÍ¨¯^i cwiewZ©Z n‡j cÖMZ ¯^im½wZ nq|
†hgbt g~jv > g~‡jv, wkKv> wk‡K , Zzjv> Zz‡jv |
L. civMZ: AšÍ¨¯^‡ii Kvi‡Y Av`¨¯^i cwiewZ©Z n‡j civMZ ¯^im½wZ nq| †hgb Ñ †`wk> w`wk|
M. A‡b¨vb¨t c~e© aŸwbi Ges cieZ©x aŸwbi `ywUB cwieZ©b N‡U| †hgb Ñ †gvRv > gy‡Rv|

Lec:03, Topics: Identification of Tense

Bs‡iwR j¨vwUb kã Tempus †_‡K ÒTenseÓ k‡ãi DrcwË| hvi A_© nj Kvj ev mgq| Latin nj
cÖvPxb †ivgvb RvwZi fvlv| wµqv m¤úbœ nIqvi mgq‡K Tense e‡j|
Tense wZb cÖKvi| h_v t 1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense
Present Tense
Present Indefinite :
Auxiliary verb : 1. does-(sub: third person singular number n‡j|)
2. do- (Ab¨ mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î ),
 MVb t nu¨v †evaK :Sub + verb Gi Present form + obj. D`vniY t We buy cloth.
Note : Sub hw` third person singular number nq Zvn‡j, g~j verb Gi mv‡_ s/es †hvM
Ki‡Z nq| D`vniY t He eats corn.
MVb t (bv †evaK) Sub+ Auxiliary verb+ not+ verb Gi Present form+obj. We do not
buy cloth.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK
Auxiliary verb + sub + verb Gi Present form + obj? D`vniY t Do we buy cloth?

Present Continuous :
Auxiliary verb : am,is are
 Is-(sub: third person singular number n‡j|)
 are- (Ab¨ mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î )  am- (for ‘I ” )
MVb t nu¨v †evaK :Sub+ am/is/are+ verb Gi ing form+obj. D`vniY t We are buying cloth ?
MVb t bv †evaK: Sub+ am/is/are + not+verb Gi ing form+obj. D`v t He is not reading story.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Am/ is /are + sub + verb Gi ing form + obj? D`vniY t Is she writing letter.

Present Perfect :
MVb t nu¨v †evaK :Sub+ have/has + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t We have got cloth.
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MVbt bv†evaK: Sub+ have/has + not + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`v t He has not bought
newspaper?
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Have/ has + sub + verb Gi p.p form + obj? D`v t Have they written letter ?
Auxiliary verb :  Has-(sub: third person singular number n‡j|)
 Have (Ab¨ mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î )

Perfect continuous:
Auxiliary verb : 1.Has been-(sub: third person singular number n‡j|)
2. Have been (Ab¨ mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î )
MVb t nu¨v †evaK: Sub+ have been/has been + verb Gi ing form + obj. D`vniY t We have
been living in Dhaka.
MVb t bv †evaK :Sub+ have / has + not + been+ verb Gi ing + obj. D`vniY t He has not
been living at Mirpur. ( hw` Auxiliary verb G `ywU word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖ_g word c‡iB
not e‡m|)
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK : Have/ has + sub + been + verb Gi ing form + obj? D`vniY t Have
they been painting wall?
Note. 1: hw` Auxiliary verb G `ywU word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖ_g word subject Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
Note. 2: e¨cK mgq eySv‡j Zvi c~‡e© for Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e© since e‡m|
†hgb t He has been doing this work for 1 hour.
They have been reading this chapter since morning .

Past Tense
Past Indefinite :
Auxiliary verb : 1. did
MVb t nu¨v †evaK : Sub+verb Gi Past form+obj. D`vniY t We bought cloth.
MVb t bv †evaK: Sub+ Auxiliary verb+not+verb Gi Present form+obj. D`vniY t We
did not buy cloth
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK : Auxiliary verb + sub + verb Gi Present form + obj?D`vniY t Did we
buy cloth?
Past Continuous :
Auxiliary verb :
1.was-(sub: singular number n‡j|) 2. were- (Ab¨ mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î )
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MVb t nu¨v †evaK: Sub+ was/were+ verb Gi ing form+obj. D`vniY t We were buying
cloth.
MVb t bv †evaK :Sub+ was/were + not+verb Gi ing form+obj. D`vniY t He was not
reading newspaper.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK: Was/were + sub + verb Gi ing form + obj?D`vniY t was she writing
letter ?
Past Perfect :
Auxiliary verb : 1.Had
MVb t nu¨v †evaK:Sub+ had + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t We had got cloth.
MVb t bv †evaK:Sub+ had + not + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t He had not bought
newspaper.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Had + sub + verb Gi p.p form + obj? D`v t Had they written letter ?
Note: AZxZ Kv‡j `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡M N‡U hvIqv KvRwU past perfect Avi Ab¨wU past
indefinite nq| G ‡ÿ‡Î before I after e¨eüZ nq|
†hgb t a) Marry had finished his homework before the class started.
b) Sindrela wrote a letter after she had received the news.

Perfect continuous:
Auxiliary verb :1.Had been ( mKj sub Gi †ÿ‡Î )
MVb t nu¨v †evaK:Sub + had been + verb Gi ing form + obj. D`vniY t We had been
living in Dhaka.
MVb t bv †evaK :Sub+ had + not + been + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t He had not been
living at Mirpur.
Note : hw` Auxiliary verb G `ywU word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖ_g word Gi c‡iB not e‡m|
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Had + sub + been + verb Gi ing form + obj? D`vniY t Had they been
painting wall ?
Note : hw` Auxiliary verb G `ywU word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖ_g wordwU subject Gi c~‡e© e‡m|

Future Tense
Future Indefinite :
Auxiliary verb :1. Shall –(Sub hw` first person nq|) 2.Will – (evwK me sub Gi Rb¨|)
MVb t nu¨v †evaK:Sub+shall / will+ verb Gi present form +obj. D`vniY t We will buy cloth .
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MVb t bv †evaK:Sub+ Auxiliary verb+not+verb Gi Present form+obj. D`vniY t We
shall not buy cloth .
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Auxiliary verb + sub + verb Gi Present form + obj?D`vniY t Shall we
buy cloth ? (Note : hw` evK¨wU wbðqZvi A_© †`q ZLb first person Gi †ejvq will Avi Ab¨ me
†ÿ‡Î shall e‡m| †hgb: Avwg evwo hveB = I will go home.)

Future Continuous :
Auxiliary verb :
1. Shall be –(Sub hw` first person nq|) 2.Will be – (evwK me sub Gi Rb¨|)
MVb t nu¨v †evaK: Sub+ shall be / will be + verb Gi ing form+obj. D`vniY t We shall
be buying cloth.
MVb t bv †evaK :Sub+ shall / will + not + be verb Gi ing form+obj. D`vniY t He will
not be reading story.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Shall /will + sub + be+ verb Gi ing form + obj? D`vniY t Will she be
writing letter ?
Future Perfect :
Auxiliary verb : 1.Shall have , 2. Will have
MVb t nu¨v †evaK:Sub+ shall have/will have + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t We shall have
got prize.
MVb t bv †evaK:Sub+ shall /will + not + have + verb Gi p.p + obj. D`vniY t He will not
have bought paper.
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK:Shall / will + sub + have+ verb Gi p.p form + obj?D`vniY t Will they
have written letter ?
Future Perfect continuous :
Auxiliary verb : 1. Shall / will have been
MVb t nu¨v †evaK: Sub + shall/will have been + verb Gi ing form + obj. D`vniY t We
shall have been living in Dhaka.
MVb t bv †evaK: Sub+ shall /will + not +have+ been + verb Gi ing form + obj.
D`vniY t We shall not have been living at Mirpur.
Note : hw` Auxiliary verb-G G‡Ki AwaK word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖ_g wordwUi c‡iB not e‡m|
MVb t cÖkœ †evaK : Shall/Will +sub+have+been + verb Gi ing form + obj?D`vniY t Will
they have been painting wall?
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Note : hw` Auxiliary verb-G G‡Ki AwaK word _v‡K Zvn‡j, cÖkœ‡evaK ev‡K¨ cÖ_g wordwU sub Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
Important Questions
01. Scarcely had he come ---- it started raining.
a) then b) at once c) when d) after that. Ans:C
02. What you (to do ) last night?
a) you did b) did you do c) had you done d) did you Ans:B
03. It’s high time --- there. [IU (G) 17-18]
a. we go b. we shall go c. we went d. we must go Ans: c
04. Mr. Dulal called while you --- lunch. [IU (G) 17-18]
a. take b. took c. was taking d. were taking Ans:d
05. My father ---- home last night.[¯^v¯’¨ gš¿bvj‡qi DcmnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)-16]
a. had returned b. has returned c. returned d. was returned Ans:c
06.Saima was reading a book – waiting for the bus.
A. as though B. when C. while D. as Ans.C
07. What you (do) at this moment? [16th Ntrca (College)-19]
a. do you do b. doing c. are you doing d. have done Ans:c
08. It is high time we______ the place. [High School Asst. teacher -19]
a. leave b. have left c. are leaving d. left Ans:d
09. The examination ----- before I reached the hall. [High School Asst. teacher -19]
a. has started b. did start c. had started d. had been started Ans:c
th
10. Uneasy lies the head that ----- a crown. [16 Ntrca (School-2)-19]
a. wears b. wear c. to wear d. none Ans: a
11. No man can ----- alone. [mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkj wmwfj-19]
a. lived b. live c. living d. lives Ans: b
12. I have ----- my supper. [mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkj wmwfj-19]
a. has b. will have c. had d. having Ans: c
13. They ----- here since 1999. [mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkj wmwfj-19]
a. have live b. have living c. have been lived d. have been living Ans: d
14. Have you ever ---- to Japan. [cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi-19]
a. been b. went c. go d. visit Ans: a
15. I ----- here since 2012. [dvqvi mvwf©m-19]
a. have been living b. lived c. live d. am living Ans: a
16. Do not make a noise while your father----. [26 BCS & 24 BCS] th th

a) is sleeping b) has slept c) asleep d) is being asleep Ans:A

17. As the sun ---, I decided to go out. [24th BCS]
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  14
a) shines b) has shone c) shine d) was shining Ans:D
18. My uncle arrived while I ---- the dinner. [26th BCS, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq-07]
a) would cook b) had cooked c) cook d) was cooking Ans:D
19. It is high time we ---- our food habits. (wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv (¯‹zj/mgch©vq)-2014)
a) give up b) gave up c) changed d) changing Ans:C
20. She caught them while they____. [AMÖYx e¨vsK (Awdmvi) -08]
a. was talked b. were talking c. did talked d. is talking Ans: b
21. I --- remember the holiday I spent in your home’, she said. [25th BCS]
a) ever b) hardly c) usually d) always Ans:D
22. New programs will be----next week in Bangladesh Television. [28th BCS]
a) telecast b) published c) telecasted d) broadcasted Ans:A
23. Just now he --- his dinner but he says he’ll see when he’s finished. [24th BCS]
a) is having b) has had c) was heaving d) had. Ans:a
24. He had written the book before he---- . [26th BCS]
a) retired b) had retired c) has retired d) will be retired Ans:A
25. She told me his name after he---. [25th BCS]
a) left b) had left c) has left d) has been leaving Ans:B
26. Lack of exercise and high fat diets have ___ to be factors in heart attacks.
[Sonali Bank Limited (IT) -2016]
A. long known been B. known been long
C. been long known D. long been known Ans:d
e¨vL¨v t kixi PP©vi Afve Ges D”P Pwe©hy³ Lv`¨ A‡bK w`b a‡iB nvU© A¨vUv‡Ki KviY n‡q Av‡Q|
27. The leaders of the two countries ---an agreement to avoid future conflicts. [IFIC Bank Ltd.]
a) has recently reach b) recently reach
c) have reached recently d) have recently reached Ans:D
e¨vL¨v t Sentence wU present perfect tense Abymv‡i n‡e| subject plural nIqvi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b verb I
plural n‡q‡Q A_©vr have e‡m‡Q| Recently adverb wn‡m‡e g~j verb Gi Av‡M c‡i em‡Z cv‡i|
28. I am sure he (pass) the examination. [wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv- NTRCA-2016]
a) will pass b) passed c) will be passed d) pass Ans. a
That hy³ complex sentence G cÖ_g Ask present Indefinite tense n‡j c‡ii Ask Future Indefinite tense nq|
29. He went to bed after- [13 Zg †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb cixÿv (NTRCA).-2016]
a) he will learn his lesson b) he would learn his lessons.
c) he learns his lesson d) he had learnt his lessons. Ans. d
e¨vL¨v t after Øviv `ywU clause hy³ _vK‡j After Gi c~‡e©i Clause- past Indefinite Ges c‡ii clause-
past perfect tense G nq|
30. Rahim did not get admission because he.
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  15
a. did not enough study b. had not enough study
c. did not study enough d. had not studied enough
e¨vL¨v t (D) AZxZKv‡ji GKwU Ask Past indefinite n‡j Aci Ask Past perfect nq| Ans: D
31. Since he is living in Dhaka for five years, he is reluctant to leave the city.
a. Since h e is living b. Being that he is living
c. Being that he has been living d. Since he has been living Ans: D
e¨vL¨v t ‡Kv‡bv KvR wKQz mgq a‡i P‡j‡Q eySv‡j Present Perfect Continuous tense nq| evK¨wUi A_©
`uvovq †m XvKvq cuvP eQi a‡i emevm Kivq kni Z¨vM Ki‡Z †m Awb”Qz|
32. I – to meet you ever since I read your first novel.
a. hope b. have hoped c. have been hoping d. am hoping Ans:C
(GKwU KvR AZx‡Z ïiæ n‡q GLb ch©šÍ Pj‡j Present perfect continuous Tense e¨eüZ nq|)
33. By this time next month, the government – resigned.
a. would have b. will have c. will d. have Ans: B
e¨vL¨v t ‡Kv‡bv GKwU KvR fwel¨Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ †kl n‡q _vK‡e, †m‡ÿ‡Î future perfect tense n‡e|
34. This book ---- first published in 1985
a. has been b. was c. is d. was being Ans:B
e¨vL¨v t AZxZKv‡ji †Kv‡bv mvj †`Iqv _vK‡j past indefinite tense nq|
35. Shaheen ---- tennis once or twice a week.
a. is playing usually b. is usually playing c. usually plays d. play usually
e¨vL¨v t usually _vKvq present Indefinite tense n‡e| Ans:C
36. The baby ---- since morning.
a. cries b. has cried c. has been crying d. have been crying Ans:C
e¨vL¨v t Since _vKvq present perfect continuous tense n‡e|
37. I was tired that night. I ---- wood all morning.
a. was cutting b. had been cutting c. had d. cut Ans: B
e¨vL¨v t Sentence Gi †k‡l mgq D‡jøL _vKvq past perfect continuous n‡e|
38. The doctor ---- him medication for his illness after he had examined him.
a. prescribes b. is prescribing c. will prescribe d. prescribed Ans: D
e¨vL¨v t (d) Structure wU n‡jv Past Indefinite + after + Past perfect.
39. I (to suffer) from fever for three days. [12Zg wkÿK wbeÜb (¯‹zj-2)-2015]
a) have suffered b) am suffering c) suffered d) have been suffering
e¨vL¨v t sentence wU‡Z for three days _vKvq, eySv hvq †h Zv present perfect continuous tense. Ans:D
40. I will phone Jarin as soon as I — any news.
A. will hear B. heard C. hear D. would hear Ans. C
e¨vL¨v t Future Indefinite+as soon as+Future Indefinite/Present Indefinite n‡Z cv‡i| 41.
We often --- a victims of circumstances. [MYgva¨g Bbw÷ mnKvix cwiPvjK-2003]
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a) fallen b) felt c) did fall d) fall Ans:D
42. He --- to Khulna just a few months ago. [MYgva¨g Bbw÷ mnKvix cwiPvjK-2003]
a) has moved c) had moved c) would moved d) moved Ans:D
42. ‡m Kvj GLv‡b Avwmqv‡Q- Gi †Kvb Bs‡iwRwU mwVK? [cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq mnKvwi wkÿK-03]
a) He has come here yesterday. b) He has come here yesterday.
c) He came here yesterday. d) He had come here yesterday. Ans:C
43. No sooner had he reached the station ------- the train left. [Rbkw³ Kg©ms¯’vb-07]
a) when b) then c) than d) while Ans:C
44. ‘Scarcely had he come....... it started raining. [cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK - 92]
a) then b) at once c) when d) after that Ans:C
45. ‘He --- abroad for ten years before he settled down in Bangladesh. [gva¨wgK we`¨vjq mnKvix wkÿK-06]
a) has worked b) had worked c) worked d) would work Ans:B
46. There was a big celebration after my friend- [Lv`¨ Awa`߇ii mnKvwi-09]
a) arrives b) had arrived c) arrival d) None of these Ans:B
47. Scarcely had he come ---- it started raining. [cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK -03]
a) then b) at once c) when d) after that. Ans:C
48. Scarcely had we come ---- it started raining. [ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK-03]
a) then b) at once c) when d) after that Ans:C
49. Hardly had the train stopped ---- . [_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi 96]
a) before we got down b) as we got down
c) than we got down d) when we got down Ans:A
50. It is 10 am now. The Sun --- in the eastern sky. [wbe©vPb Kwgkb mwPevjq-04]
a) shine b) is shining c) has been shining d) had been shining Ans:B
51. The baby --- because it is hungry now. [A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cÖkvwbK Kg©KZ©v-04]
a) is crying b) cries c) is d) are Ans:A
(The blank by using the present continuous tense of the verb 'cry'. PCT indicates action which is currently going on.)
52. My uncle knew that his boss ---- to UK. [BRUR (A) 15-16]
a. went b. gone c. had gone d. had been gone Ans: c
53. He --- here since Christmas. (wµmgv‡mi ci †_‡K †m GLv‡b Av‡mwb)
a. has not b. has c. has not been d. had Ans:c
54. He’ll give you a call as soon as he ---. [CU 16-17]
a. will arrive b. arrives c. is arriving d. is going to arrive Ans: b
55. For lunch yesterday, we --- rich and fish. [JUST (F) 16-17]
a. eat b. had c. had eaten d. have eaten Ans:b
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  17
Lec:04, Topics: fvlvixwZ
evMh‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ D”PvwiZ A_©‡evaK aŸwb mgwó‡K ejv nq fvlv| ewnivMZ Avh© RvwZ Ges GB A‡ji
Avw`g Awaevmx Abvh© RvwZi mswgkª‡Y Avwe©fve N‡U evOvjx RvwZi Avi evOvjx RvwZ Zv‡`i g‡bi fve
cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †h fvlv e¨envi K‡i ZvB evsjv fvlv|

evsjv fvlv msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡c~b© Z_¨t

✓eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii †ekx fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
✓eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq PweŸk †KvwU †jv‡Ki gy‡Li fvlv evsjv|
✓fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjv 6 lô e„nËg gvZ…fvlv|
✓ c„w_ex mKj fvlvi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvi Ae¯’vb 7g|
✓`vßwiK fvlv ev Official Language wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ evsjv fvlvi ¯’vb 10g|

evsjv k‡ãi DrcwËt

e½+ Avj> e½vj> evOvj>euvOvjv> evOvjv>evsjv| Ôe½Õ K_vwUi D‡j¯œL cvIqv hvq ÔF‡M¦`Õ, ÔgnvfviZÕ,
Ôgrm¨cyivYÕ cÖvPxb MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z|
evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY
cvwYwb Dcgnv‡`‡ki †kÖô evsjv e¨vKiYwe`| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’ Aôva¨vqx| 1743 mv‡j cZ©yMxR ag©hvRK
g¨vbyqvj `¨v Avm&my¤úvmvI cZ©yMxR fvlvq cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib| evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY
iPbv K‡ib ivg‡gvnb ivq , †MŠoxq e¨vKiY (1833)|

weL¨vZ e¨vKiY MÖš’

iPwqZv e¨vKiY MÖš’ iPwqZv e¨vKiY MÖš’
eªvwm n¨vj‡nW A Grammar of The Bengal Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x
Language (1778) (1853)
DBwjqvg †Kwi A Grammar of The Bengali W. gyn¤§` knx`yjvn ev½vjv e¨vKiY|
Language (1801)
ivg‡gvnb ivq †MŠoxq e¨vKiY (1833)| W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK e¨vKiY gÄyix|
k¨vgPiY ev½vjv e¨vKiY (1852)| mybxwZ Kzgvi fvlv cÖKvk ev½vjv
miKvi P‡Ævcva¨vq e¨vKiY|

Lec:05, Topics: evbvb I ïw×KiY

weMZ cixÿvi cÖkœt
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  18
01.‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [35th BCS Preli.]
K) ¯^ïi L) kïi M) k¦myi N) k¦ïi DËi t N
02. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ky×? [40th BCS Preli.]
K) cÖR¦j L) ‡cÖv¾j M) ‡cÖvR¦j N) ‡cÖv¾¡j DËi t N
03. ‡Kvb evbvwU ï×?- [35th BCS Preli.]
K) cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) kÖ×vÄjx M) mn‡hvMxZv N) cÖwZ‡hvMxZv DËi t K
04. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) kvixixK L) kvixwiK M) kvwiwiK N) kvwiixK DËi t L
05. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) wefxwlKv L) wefxlxKv M) exwfwlKv N) exwfmxKv DËi t K
06. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) `ywifzZ L) `ywifzZ M) `~ixfyZ N) `~ixf~Z DËi t N
07. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) mgxPxb L) mgxwPb M) mwgPxb N) mwgwPb DËi t K
08. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) K…wlwRwe L) K…wlRxex M) K…wlRxex N) K…wlwRex DËi t L
09. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) mwim„c L) mixm„c M) kixm„c N) kwim„c DËi t L
10. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×?
K) †ZRw¯ŒqZv L) †ZRw¯ŒqZv M) †ZRw¯ŒqZv N) †Z‡Rw¯ŒqZv DËi t M
11. †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?
K) bxwiÿY L) wbixÿY M) bxwiÿb N) wbixÿb DËi t L
12. †KvbwU ky× evbvb ?
K) byb¨vwaK L) b~¨bvwaK M) by¨b¨vwaK N) by¨bwaK DËi t L
13. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) M„wnbx L) M„wnwb M) M„nxbx N) M„wnYx DËi t N
14. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) fwel¨revYx L) fwel¨ØvYx M) fwel¨revbx N) fwel¨ZevYx DËi t L
15. †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?
K) kkxf~lY L) kwkf~lY M) kkxf~lY N) kwkfzmb DËi t L
16. †Kvb evbvbwU ï× ?
K) my`Y L) m~mb M) ï`b N) m~`Y DËi t L
17. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) `~lY L) `ylY M) `~kb N) `ykb DËi t K
18. †KvbwU ï× evbvb ?
K) evj¥xwK L) evj¥xKx M) evwj¥wK N) evwj¥Kx DËi t K
19. †Kvb kãwU ï× evbv‡b †jLv n‡q‡Q? [38 BCS Preli.]
th
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  19
K. k~Y¨ L. wÎfzR M). c~Y¨ N. f‚eb DËi t L

ïw×KiY
01.cÖZ¨q Ñ NwUZ Aïw× :
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AvjmZv Avjm¨ fvM¨gvb fvM¨evb wb›`yK wb›`K †mŠRb¨Zv †mŠRb¨
HK¨Zv HK¨ / gwngvgq gwnggq cwiZ¨R¨ cwiZ¨vR¨ wmwÂb †mPb
GKZv
DrKl©Zv DrKl© mL¨Zv mL¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ wmwÂZ wm³
`vwi`ªZv `vwi`ª¨ j²xgvb j²xevb we`¨vb weØvb m„wRZ m„ó

02.Avwj cÖZ¨qhy³ k‡ã me©`v B Ñ Kvi n‡e|

Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
†Lqvjx †Lqvwj wgZvjx wgZvwj
MxZvjx MxZvjx i¤œcvjx i¤œcvwj
eY©vjx eY©vwj †mvbvjx †mvbvwj

03.‡id c‡i e¨Äbe‡Y© wØZ¡ n‡e bv|

Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
KvwË©K KvwZ©K wbwÏ©ó wbw`©ó
Kvh©¨ Kvh© ceŸ©Z ce©Z
a¤§©mfv ag©mfv gvayh©¨ gvayh©

04.wj½ Ñ NwUZ Aïw× :

Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
Aaxbx Aaxbv w`M¤^ix w`M¤^iv PvZwKbx PvZKx ew›`bx e›`x
Abvw_bx Abv_v wbivcivwabx wbivcivav PZz_©v PZz_©x ( Kb¨v ) wenw½bx wen½x
A¯úix Aáiv cwÛZvbx cwÛZv ivRwKbv iRKx/ iRwKbx welnix welniv
Aa©vw½bx Aa©v½x bvwMbx bvMx my‡Kkxbx my‡Kkx/ my‡Kkv mwc©bx mc©x

05.mwÜ Ñ NwUZ Aïw× :

Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AatMwZ A‡avMwZ e¨veavb e¨eavb RMP›`ª RMrP›`ª gb‡hvM g‡bv‡hvM
Dc‡iv³ Dchy³ ek¤^` ekse` †ZRP›`ª †ZRð›`ª hkjvf h‡kvjvf
wK¤^`wšÍ wKse`šÍx g‡bvKó gb:Kó `yive¯’v `yie¯’v ki‡`›`y kiwe›`y
†R¨vZx›`ª †R¨vwZwi›`ª gbi_ g‡bvi_ wbim bxim wki‡”Q` wki‡ñ`
RMreÜz RMeÜz gb‡gvnb g‡bv‡gvnb wbùj wbùj kÖ×vÄjx kÖ×vÄwj
e¨emv e¨emv j¾v¯‹i j¾vKi g„‡Zz¨ËxY© g„Zz¨ËxY© wk‡ivcxov wki:cxov

06. we‡`wk k‡ãi evbv‡b ( l, Y, Q, o ) GB cuvPwU eY© e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv |

Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  20
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
BQjvg Bmjvg e¨vwióvi e¨vwi÷vi wLªóvã wLª÷vã †ókb †÷kb
K‡Y©j K‡Y©j evgyY evgyb †cvó †cv÷ ózwWI ÷zwWI

07.ePb Ñ NwUZ Aïw× : GKB mv‡_ `yevi eûePb evPK cÖZ¨q ev kã e¨eûZ nq bv|
Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
mKj wkÍMKMY mKj wkÍMK / wkÍMKMY hveZxq †jvKmg~n hveZxq †jvK
mKj cixÍMKMY mKj cixÍMK / cixÍMKMY hveZxq f`ªg‡nv`qMY hveZxq f`ªg‡nv`q / f`ªg‡nv`qMY
mKj QvÎiv mKj QvÎ/ me QvÎ/ QvÎiv cÖgyL wewkó e¨w³e„›` cÖgyL wewkó e¨w³MY

08.A_© I ixwZ Ñ NwUZ Aïw× :

Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AbœKvco Abœe¯¿ AkÖ¤œRj AkÖ¤œ/ h`¨wc h`¨wc Kj¨vYei Kj¨vYxqei
†bÎRj
kov`vn ke`vn mgZzj¨ mg ev Zzj¨ AvMvgxKj¨ AvMvgxKvj¨ †KŠgvive¯’ †KŠgvi/
Kzgvive¯’v
ke‡cvov gov‡cvov Z_vwcI Z_vwc cÖvYcY cÖvYcY cÖexY e„ÍM cÖvPxbe„ÍM

09.mshy³ Ñ eY©NwUZ fzj :

Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AvwnèK AvwýK eªvÍMY eªvÍMY c~e©vý c~e©vnè hK&ªv h²v
ga¨vnè ga¨vý Pµ Pµ Acivý Acivnè k΃ kΤœ
mvqvnè mvqvý iv²m ivÍMm AvKv•Lv AvKv•ÍMv ΃wU ΤœwU
10.mgvm Ñ NwUZ Aïw× :
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AvKÚ ch©šÍ AvKÚ g„MbqYx g„Mbqbv Kvjx`vm Kvwj`vm mÍMg ÍMg
Av‡ivnxMb Av‡ivwnMY myKwÚbx myKwÚ/ myKÚv †`ex`vm †`we`vm mvbw›`Z Avbw›`Z
wb®úvcx wb®úvc ‡k¦Zvw½bx †k¦Zv½x/‡k¦Zv½v †hvMxe„›` †hvwMe„›` mewbqc~e©K mweb‡q
wbicivax wbiciva gnvivR gnvivR kkxf~lY kwkf~lY mcÖYZ cÖYZ
wba©bx wba©b wbwe©‡ivax wbwe©‡iva PwÛ`vm PÛx`vm åvZv®úyÎ åvZz®úyÎ
bx‡ivMx bx‡ivM mkw®‹Z mk®‹ ‡Kej †Kej exbvcvwb exYvcvwY

11.Z Ges r (LÛ- Z) :

Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
AvZ¥mvZ AvZ¥mvr a~wjmvZ a~wjmvr Drcvr DrcvZ DZme Drme
cw_K…Z cw_K…r wKwÂZ wKwÂr DZLvr DrLvZ kiZ kir
DwPr DwPZ K¡wPZ K¡wPr ey¨ZcwË ey¨rcwË ÍMzawccvmv ÍMzrwccvmv
fvMer fvMeZ Kzrwmr KzrwmZ
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  21
English Spelling
01. mwVK evbvb †KvbwU? [40th BCS Preli.]
K. Indweling L. Indwling M. Indweling N. Indewuling DËi t K
02.Identification of correct spelling .
a. leiftenant b. lieutenant c.lieftenant d.leaftenant Ans: b
03.‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [37th BCS Preli.]
K. Achievment L. Acheivment M. Achievement N. Acheivement DËi t M
04. The correct spelling is- [36th BCS Preli.]
K. Humourous L. Humourious M. Humorous N. Humorious DËi t M
05. Chose the correct spelling
a. reconcilation b. reconciliation c. reconcilliation d. reconceliation
Ans: b
06.Chose the correct spelling
a. Fascination b. Facination c. Facenation d. Fascenition Ans: a
07. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ï× bq ?
a. desart b. dependant c. site d. calendar Ans: a
08.Choose the correct spelling.
a. Secretariate b. Secretariete c. Secretariat d. Secretariet Ans: c
09.Select the correctly spelled out words.
a. Resturant b. Restaurent c. Restaurant d. Resturent Ans: c
10. Choose the correct spelling :
a. Anticedent b. Antecedent c. Anticident d. Antecident Ans: b
11. Choose the correct spelling –
a.Whispa b.Whispe c.Wisper d.Whispere Ans: b
12. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ï× ?
a.Commission b.Comision c.Comission d.Commision Ans: a
13.Find the word with wrong spelling -
a. Privilege b. Mortgage c. Conjurer d. Rejoycee. Ans: d
14. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ï× ?
a.Greivance b.Grievance c.Griveance d.Grieveance Ans: b
15. Choose the correctly spelt word :
a.Superceed b.Superseed c.Supercede d.Supersede Ans: d
16.wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ï× ?
a. Compulsory b. Universial c. Primery d. Headach Ans: a

17. Which is the correct spelling ?

a. Newmonia b. Pneumonia c. Penwmania d. Neumonia Ans: b
18. Which one is the correct spelling ?
a. Cigarettes b. Cigarrets c. Ciggarets d. Cigerates Ans: a
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  22
19. Choose the correct spelling -
a. Supercilious b. Superceliou c. Supercillious d. Supercileous Ans: a
20. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvwU ï×?
a. Passenger b. Pasangerm c. Pesanger d. Pessanger Ans: a
21. The correct spelling is -
a. Exeggerate b. Exegerete c. Exagerate d. Exaggerate Ans: d
22.Choose the correct one ---?
a. Mispel b. Mispell c. Missple d. Misspell Ans: d
23.Identification of correct spelling .
a. Kindargarten b. Kindgergerten c. Kindgergardend d.Kindergarten Ansr: d

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bs‡iRx evbvbt

Inc Correct Inc Correct
Inc: acommodation Cor: accommodation Inc: foriegn Cor: foreign
Inc: acheive Cor: achieve Inc: definately Cor: definitely
Inc: accross Cor: across Inc: tommorrow Cor: tomorrow
Inc: adress Cor: address Inc: noticable Cor: noticeable
Inc: appearence Cor: appearance Inc: convinient Cor: convenient
Inc: assasination Cor: assassination Inc: deterioreit Cor: deteriorate
Inc: beggining Cor: beginning Inc: dissappear Cor: disappear
Inc: buisness Cor: business Inc: arguement Cor: argument
Inc: collegue Cor: colleague Inc: Wensday Cor: Wednesday
Inc: commitee Cor: committee Inc: ignor Cor: ignore
Inc: concious Cor: conscious Inc: occured Cor: occurred
Inc: copywrite Cor: copyright Inc: opertunity Cor: opportunity
Inc: dependance Cor: dependence Inc: que Cor: queue
Inc: desireable Cor: desirable Inc: speach Cor: speech
Inc: embarass Cor: embarrass Inc: thier Cor: their
Inc: enviroment Cor: environment Inc: truely Cor: truly
Inc: Febuary Cor: February Inc: liesure Cor: leisure
Inc: fourty Cor: forty Inc: sieze Cor: seize
Inc: acommodation Cor: accommodation Inc: wierd Cor: weird
Inc: acheive Cor: achieve Inc: intresting Cor: interesting
Inc: glamourous Cor: glamorous Inc: knowlege Cor: knowledge
Career Expert wkÿK wbeÜb kU© mv‡Rkb  23
Inc: independance Cor: independence Inc: lollypop Cor: lollipop
Inc: interupt Cor: interrupt Inc: paralell Cor: parallel
Inc: intresting Cor: interesting Inc: pasttime Cor: pastime
Inc: knowlege Cor: knowledge Inc: persue Cor: pursue
Inc: libary Cor: library Inc: potatoe Cor: potato
Inc: lightening Cor: lightning Inc: preceeding Cor: preceding
Inc: mischievious Cor: mischievous Inc: pronounciation Cor: pronunciation
Inc: mispell Cor: misspell Inc: recieve Cor: receive
Inc: neccessary Cor: necessary Inc: reccomend Cor: recommend
Inc: neice Cor: niece Inc: rythm Cor: rhythm
Inc: calender Cor: calendar Inc: shedule Cor: schedule
Inc: definately Cor: definitely Inc: sincerly Cor: sincerely
Inc: mischievious Cor: mischievous Inc: futher Cor: further
Inc: mispell Cor: misspell Inc: tendancy Cor: tendency
Inc: neccessary Cor: necessary Inc: untill Cor: until
Inc: neice Cor: niece Inc: vaccuum Cor: vacuum
Inc: whereever Cor: wherever Inc: vegeterian Cor: vegetarian
Inc: writen Cor: written Inc: happend Cor: happened
Inc: grammer Cor: grammar Inc: dilemna Cor: dilemma
Inc: fluoroscent Cor: fluorescent Inc: existance Cor: existence
Inc: goverment Cor: government Inc: familar Cor: familiar