Engineering
Course N°03:
Internal functional
analysis
PREPARATORY CLASS
M, BELOUADAH ZOUHEYR HDR
Translate service functions into technical functions
Function Analysis system Technic (FAST) Structured Analysis and Design Technic (SADT)
Technical Function:
A technical function is an internal action of the product (between its components), chosen by the
designer/producer to fulfill service functions.
Example:
Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
Cool an electronic circuit
Minimize losses due to friction
➢ Function Analysis system Technic (FAST)
Service function Technical function Constructive solution
Example
Convert electrical
Illuminate a dark
energy into light Lamp
space
energy
To achieve the service function, several technical functions must be
performed simultaneously.
SF TF1 In this case, both Technical Function 1 (TF1) and Technical
Function 2 (TF2) are required.
This is an "AND" arrangement, meaning the service function is
only fulfilled when TF1 and TF2 are both executed.
TF2
"AND" arrangement
To achieve the service function, there is a choice between
technical functions. Either Technical Function 1 (TF1) or
SF TF1 Technical Function 2 (TF2) can fulfill the service function.
This is an "OR" arrangement, meaning the service function can
be achieved by performing either TF1 or TF2, but not both
simultaneously.
TF2
“Or" arrangement
Example: Partial FAST diagram for a vacuum cleaner
Create an
Suck in dust Turbine
airflow
Separate dust Filters
Remove dust Filter the air
from the air
Evacuate dust Store dust Sac (Bag)
interpretation of
Service functions Technical functions Constructive solution
technical functions
Structured Analysis and Design Technic (SADT)
Structured analysis and design technique (SADT) is a systems engineering and software engineering
methodology for describing systems as a hierarchy of functions
SADT has been developed and field-tested during the period of 1969 to 1973 by Douglas T. Ross and SofTech,
Inc.. The methodology was used in the MIT Automatic Programming Tool (APT) project.
The SADT approach is top-down, meaning that we start from a global view and move towards more detailed
sub-levels. This allows a better organization and understanding of complex systems, particularly in engineering and
project management.
SADT allows functions to be represented as boxes or modules
Each module represents:
1. The global activity of the system.
2. A partial activity of one of the system’s components.
Representation of a module
Control Data
W O A C
Output Material
Input Material System Usage Function
Secondary Outputs
Name of system
energy W: this is the energy required by the system to perform the necessary action on the work material (electrical,
pneumatic, hydraulic, or mechanical energy)
Operation O: system start and stop mode.
Examples: start/stop buttons. Cycle start buttons, automatic/manual start, etc.
Adjustment A: Adjusting a physical parameter without changing the system's activity.
Example: Adjusting the operating speed of a motor, adjusting the temperature of an air conditioner.
Configuration C: Fundamental modification of the technical system’s activity.
Example (printer): Paper format type (A4, A2, etc.).Action to perform: Print, scan.
Decomposition of levels
Level A-0:This is the highest level.
It represents the system as a whole.
A-0
A1 Level A0:This level is divided into 3 to 6 boxes identified as
A2 A1, A2, A3 … A6.
A3
A0
Level A2:Box A2 is further broken down into boxes A21,
A21 A22, A23, and so on.
A22
A23
A2
Level A23:Box A12 is divided into smaller boxes A231,
A231
A232
A232, A233, etc….
A233
A23
energy adjustment.
dust on objects. remove dust from objects without dust
household objects.
A-0
vacuum
cleaner
dust on objects.
creates local
air at atmospheric pressure aspiration
A1
separate dust in bag.
motor/turbine
dust
A2
filter + bag A0
Air at atmospheric
pressure Create local
Airflow and dust
aspiration
A1
motor/turbine
supply with
electrical
energy
A11
convert electrical
power cable energy into
mechanical energy
A12
Air at atmospheric Electric motor Air flow + dust
create a
pressure
vacuum
A13
Dust on objects
Turbine
A1
Air +Dust
Separate dust objects without dust
A2
Filter +bag
Air flow and Dust Air filter
A21
filter exhaust filtered air
A22
Hole Dust in bag
Store Dust
A23
Bag
A2
